scholarly journals Severe Malaria Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax among Children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Geleta ◽  
Tsige Ketema

Despite rigorous effort made to control malaria for more than a century, it is still among the main public health problems in least developed regions of the world. Majority of deaths associated with malaria occur in sub-Sahara Africa among biologically risked groups. Thus, this study was designed to assess the incidence of severe malaria syndromes among children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Children seeking medication for malaria infection in Pawe Hospital during the study period were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical, hematological, and clinical features of complicated malaria were assessed following standard parasitological and clinical procedures. A total of 263 children were found malaria positive. Among these, 200 were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Most of the severe malaria symptoms were observed among children infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The study showed that significant number of the children developed severe life threatening malaria complications. This calls for prompt early diagnosis and effective treatment of patients to reduce mortality and complications associated with malaria in the study site.

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren

Severe malaria infection caused byPlasmodium falciparumis a global life-threatening disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Intensive investigations have demonstrated that macrophages play crucial roles in control of inflammatory and immune responses and clearance ofPlasmodium-falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (PE). This paper focuses on how macrophage CD36 recognizes and internalizes PE and participates the inflammatory signaling in response toPlasmodium falciparum. In addition, recent advances in our current understanding of the biological actions of PPARγ on CD36 and malaria clearance from the hosts are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bansal ◽  
Charu Upadhyay ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Rathi

Malaria remains as one of the most life-threatening diseases and thus major public health concern all around the world. The disease becomes devastating if not treated with proper medication on...


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Bhandari ◽  
Sudha Shahi ◽  
Rajesh Poudel ◽  
Nagendra Chaudhary

Plasmodium falciparum, the commonest cause of severe malaria in children, is an important cause of mortality in developing nations like Nepal. Duodenal perforation in a case of complicated malaria, although a rare entity, can occur in children. Early diagnosis, proper medical treatment, and early surgical repair can be a lifesaving measure in such cases. Here, we report a case of a 5-year-old male child withfalciparummalaria complicated by a duodenal perforation that was successively managed with appropriate antimalarial drugs and early surgical repair.


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Heather N. Damhoff ◽  
Robert J. Kuhn ◽  
Laura P. Stadler

Approximately 1,500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year. Most cases are travelers and immigrants returning from parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs. Malaria is the most frequent cause of systemic febrile illness without localizing symptoms in travelers returning from the developing world, so vigilance by providers is needed when evaluating patients returning from areas in which malaria is endemic. Despite the availability of effective treatment, malaria still accounts for more than 1 million deaths per year worldwide, with rates being disproportionately high in young children under the age of 5. We present the case of a 4-year-old refugee who emigrated from Tanzania with severe malaria due to dual infections of Plasmodium falciparum and P. ovale, whose treatment course was complicated by quinidine gluconate cardiotoxicity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyguy Kabundi Tshima ◽  
Paul Madishala Mulumba

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate BMI changes in HIV adults’ subjects in the first year of ART in malaria endemic areas.MethodsWe used linear regression analysis showing that the change in weight at 12 months (y) in a malaria-endemic area is related to malaria infection at admission and its different episodes as illustrated by equation: y = a + bxi + ε, where x is malaria on admission, i refers to episodes of clinical malaria infection during the year, b is the slope, a is a constant and ε are confounding factors such as tuberculosis or poor eating habits.ResultsWe found a positive value for b (b = 0.697), and this shows that weight loss at 12 months is correlated with the diagnosis of severe malaria at admission. In other words, severe malaria eliminates the weight gained under ART.ConclusionsMalaria is the leading cause of weight loss under ART.Important recommendation for future:This study suggests nutritional education based on local foods containing antioxidants to fight the oxidative stress generated by HIV and stimulated by Plasmodium falciparum during febrile episodes. Oxidative stress is blocked by NADPHase which is a metalloenzyme based on selenium.Thus, to prevent a weight loss or the occurrence of the protein-energy malnutrition among people living with HIV, it is necessary to use the nutritional education.RésuméObjectifNous voulions évaluer les modifications de l’IMC chez les patients VIH adultes au cours de la première année du traitement antirétroviral dans une zone d’endémie palustreMatériel et MéthodesNous avons utilisé une analyse de régression linéaire montrant que la variation de poids à 12 mois (y) dans une zone d’endémie palustre est liée à l’infection palustre à l’admission et à ses différents épisodes, comme l’illustre l’équation suivante: y = a + bxi + ε, où x est le paludisme à l’admission, i les épisodes de paludisme clinique survenus au cours de l’année, b est la pente, a est une constante et ε sont des facteurs de confusion tels que la tuberculose ou de mauvaises habitudes alimentaires..RésultatsNous avons trouvé une valeur positive pour b (b = 0,697), ce qui montre que la perte de poids à 12 mois est en corrélation avec le diagnostic de paludisme grave à l’admission. En d’autres termes, le paludisme grave élimine le poids gagné sous traitement antirétroviral.ConclusionsLe paludisme est la principale cause de perte de poids sous ARV.Recommandation importante pour l’avenir : Cette étude suggère une éducation nutritionnelle basée sur des aliments locaux contenant des anti-oxydants pour lutter contre le stress oxydatif généré par le VIH et stimulé par le Plasmodium falciparum lors des poussées fébriles. Le stress oxydatif est bloqué par la NADPHase qui est une métalloenzyme à base de sélénium. Ainsi, il est nécessaire d’utiliser l’éducation nutritionnelle pour prévenir la perte du poids sous ARV.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amre Nasr ◽  
Ahmad Aljada ◽  
Osama Hamid ◽  
Hatim A. Elsheikh ◽  
Emad Masuadi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The FcyRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR (IIa, IIIa, and IIIb) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of Plasmodium falciparum infection among Saudi children. Material and methods: A 600 volunteers have been enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The FcγR genotypes was analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurement of immunoglobulins were determine using ELISA. Results: The data revealed the FcγRIIa-R/R131 showed a statistically association with the increased susceptibility to SM when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotypes among UM patients. Although the FcγRIIa-F/V176 genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the FcγRIIa-V/V176 genotype was This study aimed to associated with protection against SM. Moreover, severe malaria patients carrying the FcγRIIa-F/F genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The FcγRIIIb NA1/NA1 and FcγRIIIb NA2/NA2 genotypes did not show significant differences between UM and the MFC. However, the genotype FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 was statistically associated with severe malaria. Conclusions: The data presented in this study strongly suggest the possible impact of FcyR (IIa, RIIIa and RIIIb) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play a role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcomes in Saudi children.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Biddau ◽  
Lilach Sheiner

Abstract Malaria continues to be one of the leading causes of human mortality in the world, and the therapies available are insufficient for eradication. Severe malaria is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Apicomplexan parasites, including the Plasmodium spp., are descendants of photosynthetic algae, and therefore they possess an essential plastid organelle, named the apicoplast. Since humans and animals have no plastids, the apicoplast is an attractive target for drug development. Indeed, after its discovery, the apicoplast was found to host the target pathways of some known antimalarial drugs, which motivated efforts for further research into its biological functions and biogenesis. Initially, many apicoplast inhibitions were found to result in ‘delayed death’, whereby parasite killing is seen only at the end of one invasion-egress cycle. This slow action is not in line with the current standard for antimalarials, which seeded scepticism about the potential of compounds targeting apicoplast functions as good candidates for drug development. Intriguingly, recent evidence of apicoplast inhibitors causing rapid killing could put this organelle back in the spotlight. We provide an overview of drugs known to inhibit apicoplast pathways, alongside recent findings in apicoplast biology that may provide new avenues for drug development.


2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
pp. 1766-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stije J Leopold ◽  
Aniruddha Ghose ◽  
Erik L Allman ◽  
Hugh W F Kingston ◽  
Amir Hossain ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundAcidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the nature and source of metabolic acids contributing to acidosis in patients with severe falciparum malaria.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted to characterize circulating acids in adults with P. falciparum malaria (n = 107) and healthy controls (n = 45) from Bangladesh using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Additional in vitro P. falciparum culture studies were performed to determine if parasites release the acids detected in plasma from patients with severe malaria acidosis.ResultsWe identified previously unmeasured plasma acids strongly associated with acidosis in severe malaria. Metabolomic analysis of P. falciparum parasites in vitro showed no evidence that these acids are released by the parasite during its life cycle. Instead, 10 of the plasma acids could be mapped to a gut microbial origin. Patients with malaria had low L-citrulline levels, a plasma marker indicating reduced gut barrier integrity. Longitudinal data showed the clearance of these newly identified acids was delayed in fatal cases.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a compromise in intestinal barrier function may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of life-threatening acidosis in severe falciparum malaria.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02451904.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Kedir Hassen ◽  
Ashenafi Assefa ◽  
Kalkidan Mekete ◽  
Gemechu Tadesse ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Malaria infection can present with a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. Plasmodium falciparum isolates in uncomplicated and severe malaria infections may have different parasite genetic profiles. This study was conducted to assess differences in genetic diversity and allelic frequencies in P. falciparum isolates according to malaria severity and age of patients in the Gublack area, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional health facility-based study conducted in Gublak, Ethiopia between July, 2017 and October, 2017. Symptomatic P. falciparum malaria patients with microscopically-confirmed infection were enrolled. Parasite DNA was extracted from filter paper blood spots and the polymorphic regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes were genotyped using allele-specific nested-PCR with fragment analysis by gel electrophoresis. Results A total of 118 patients were enrolled including 95 (80.5%) with uncomplicated infection and 23 (19.5%) with severe disease. In msp-1, the K1 allelic family was similarly prevalent in uncomplicated 42 (44.2%) and severe disease 12 (52.2%). In msp-2, FC27 was detected in 55 (57.9%) of uncomplicated infections and IC/3D7 in 14 (60.9%) of severe infections. 76 (64.4%) of the 118 isolates contained multiple genotypes; 56 (58.9%) in uncomplicated infections and 19 (82.6%) in severe infections. The overall of multiplicity of infection was 2.2 (95% CI 1.98–2.42) with 1.4 (95% CI 1.23–1.55) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.49–1.86) for msp-1 and msp-2, respectively. Multiplicity of infection was significantly higher in severe than uncomplicated infections (3.0 (95% CI 2.61–3.47) versus 2.0 (95% CI 1.83–2.23), respectively, p = 0.001). There was no difference in multiplicity of infection across age groups (p = 0.104). Conclusion Patients with severe malaria were more likely to have multiclonal infections. Further studies are needed to describe the association between P. falciparum genotypes and malaria severity in different malaria transmission areas.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soebaktiningsih .

Malaria is still Public Health Problem in tropical country. Failure of Mefloquine – Artesunate combination treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum beginning to fail is due to the delayed clearance times and elevated Artesunate IC50, suggest thatArtesunate resistance may be emerging on background of Mefloquine resistance ( Rogers et al 2009). Pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy is related to the ability of Plasmodium falciparum intra erythrocyte to sequester in the placenta. Study to understand the molecular basis of susceptibility to malaria in pregnancy has been advanced through the discovery of Chondroitin Sulfat A (CSA) molecule that support the accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IE) by Plasmodium falciparum in the placenta


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