scholarly journals Control Law Design for Propofol Infusion to Regulate Depth of Hypnosis: A Nonlinear Control Strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khaqan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Bilal Ijaz ◽  
Raja Ali Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Infusion System

Maintaining the depth of hypnosis (DOH) during surgery is one of the major objectives of anesthesia infusion system. Continuous administration of Propofol infusion during surgical procedures is essential but increases the undue load of an anesthetist in operating room working in a multitasking setup. Manual and target controlled infusion (TCI) systems are not good at handling instabilities like blood pressure changes and heart rate variability arising due to interpatient variability. Patient safety, large interindividual variability, and less postoperative effects are the main factors to motivate automation in anesthesia. The idea of automated system for Propofol infusion excites the control engineers to come up with a more sophisticated and safe system that handles optimum delivery of drug during surgery and avoids postoperative effects. In contrast to most of the investigations with linear control strategies, the originality of this research work lies in employing a nonlinear control technique, backstepping, to track the desired hypnosis level of patients during surgery. This effort is envisioned to unleash the true capabilities of this nonlinear control technique for anesthesia systems used today in biomedical field. The working of the designed controller is studied on the real dataset of five patients undergoing surgery. The controller tracks the desired hypnosis level within the acceptable range for surgery.

scholarly journals A Review of Modern Control Strategies for Clinical Evaluation of Propofol Anesthesia Administration Employing Hypnosis Level Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Fasih Uddin Butt ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Ali Khaqan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy Control ◽  
Linear Control ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Mode Control ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs

Regulating the depth of hypnosis during surgery is one of the major objectives of an anesthesia infusion system. Continuous administration of Propofol infusion during surgical procedures is essential but it unduly increases the load of an anesthetist working in a multitasking scenario in the operation theatre. Manual and target controlled infusion systems are not appropriate to handle instabilities like blood pressure and heart rate changes arising due to interpatient and intrapatient variability. Patient safety, large interindividual variability, and less postoperative effects are the main factors motivating automation in anesthesia administration. The idea of automated system for Propofol infusion excites control engineers to come up with more sophisticated systems that can handle optimum delivery of anesthetic drugs during surgery and avoid postoperative effects. A linear control technique is applied initially using three compartmental pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models. Later on, sliding mode control and model predicative control achieve considerable results with nonlinear sigmoid model. Chattering and uncertainties are further improved by employing adaptive fuzzy control andH∞control. The proposed sliding mode control scheme can easily handle the nonlinearities and achieve an optimum hypnosis level as compared to linear control schemes, hence preventing mishaps such as underdosing and overdosing of anesthesia.

Comparative Critical Analysis of Artificial Intelligent Technique and Conventional Control Technique Applied in Series Filter for Harmonic Reduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar ◽  
Vishnu Mohan Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Active Filters ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Voltage Control Strategy ◽  
Voltage Controller ◽  
In Series

Series active filters, besides the dc voltage regulators, incorporate controller such as voltage controller and hysteresis band controllers, etc.. The conventional PI controller suffers from the significant drawback of having a high content of ripples and the low speed due to variable switching frequency caused by the usage of hysteresis controllers. In order to overcome this shortcoming, two different control strategies (i.e., sinusoidal fryze voltage control and adaptive tabu search-sinusoidal fryze voltage control strategy) have been developed in this research work. The performance of SAFs has been analyzed by using these current control strategies. The proposed ATS-SFV control strategy based voltage controller yielded better performance as compared to those obtainable from the SFV control strategy. The comparisons of the proposed strategies among themselves facilitate a need-based selection of them for the supply system. To realize these control strategies, MATLAB/Simulink-based models have been developed for simulation.

Parametric Study of Damping Characteristics of Magneto-Rheological Damper: Mathematical and Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Zubair Rashid Wani ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Tantray
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Active Structural Control ◽  
Magneto Rheological

The present research work is a part of a project was a semi-active structural control technique using magneto-rheological damper has to be performed. Magneto-rheological dampers are an innovative class of semi-active devices that mesh well with the demands and constraints of seismic applications; this includes having very low power requirements and adaptability. A small stroke magneto-rheological damper was mathematically simulated and experimentally tested. The damper was subjected to periodic excitations of different amplitudes and frequencies at varying voltage. The damper was mathematically modeled using parametric Modified Bouc-Wen model of magneto-rheological damper in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the parameters of the model were set as per the prototype available. The variation of mechanical properties of magneto-rheological damper like damping coefficient and damping force with a change in amplitude, frequency and voltage were experimentally verified on INSTRON 8800 testing machine. It was observed that damping force produced by the damper depended on the frequency as well, in addition to the input voltage and amplitude of the excitation. While the damping coefficient (c) is independent of the frequency of excitation it varies with the amplitude of excitation and input voltage. The variation of the damping coefficient with amplitude and input voltage is linear and quadratic respectively. More ever the mathematical model simulated in MATLAB was in agreement with the experimental results obtained.

Enhanced Composite Nonlinear Control Technique using Adaptive Control for Nonlinear Delayed Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Sonal Singh ◽  
Shubhi Purwar
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Actuator Saturation ◽  
Input Saturation ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Composite Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Analysis Of Stability

Background and Introduction: The proposed control law is designed to provide fast reference tracking with minimal overshoot and to minimize the effect of unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. Methods: In this work, an enhanced composite nonlinear feedback technique using adaptive control is developed for a nonlinear delayed system subjected to input saturation and exogenous disturbances. It ensures that the plant response is not affected by adverse effect of actuator saturation, unknown time delay and unknown nonlinearities/ disturbances. The analysis of stability is done by Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional that guarantees asymptotical stability. Results: The proposed control law is validated by its implementation on exothermic chemical reactor. MATLAB figures are provided to compare the results. Conclusion: The simulation results of the proposed controller are compared with the conventional composite nonlinear feedback control which illustrates the efficiency of the proposed controller.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Upper Limb Rehabilitative Robot with Dual Functionality

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Md Rasedul Islam ◽  
Md Assad-Uz-Zaman ◽  
Brahim Brahmi ◽  
Yassine Bouteraa ◽  
Inga Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
End Point ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation

The design of an upper limb rehabilitation robot for post-stroke patients is considered a benchmark problem regarding improving functionality and ensuring better human–robot interaction (HRI). Existing upper limb robots perform either joint-based exercises (exoskeleton-type functionality) or end-point exercises (end-effector-type functionality). Patients may need both kinds of exercises, depending on the type, level, and degree of impairments. This work focused on designing and developing a seven-degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) upper-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton called ‘u-Rob’ that functions as both exoskeleton and end-effector types device. Furthermore, HRI can be improved by monitoring the interaction forces between the robot and the wearer. Existing upper limb robots lack the ability to monitor interaction forces during passive rehabilitation exercises; measuring upper arm forces is also absent in the existing devices. This research work aimed to develop an innovative sensorized upper arm cuff to measure the wearer’s interaction forces in the upper arm. A PID control technique was implemented for both joint-based and end-point exercises. The experimental results validated both types of functionality of the developed robot.

scholarly journals Robust Synchronization of Delayed Chaotic FitzHugh-Nagumo Neurons under External Electrical Stimulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rehan ◽  
Keum-Shik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nonlinear Control ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Cognitive Diseases ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Error Dynamics ◽  
Nonlinear Control Law

Synchronization of chaotic neurons under external electrical stimulation (EES) is studied in order to understand information processing in the brain and to improve the methodologies employed in the treatment of cognitive diseases. This paper investigates the dynamics of uncertain coupled chaotic delayed FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neurons under EES for incorporated parametric variations. A global nonlinear control law for synchronization of delayed neurons with known parameters is developed. Based on local and global Lipschitz conditions, knowledge of the bounds on the neuronal states, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, and theL2gain reduction, a less conservative local robust nonlinear control law is formulated to address the problem of robust asymptotic synchronization of delayed FHN neurons under parametric uncertainties. The proposed local control law guarantees both robust stability and robust performance and provides theL2bound for uncertainty rejection in the synchronization error dynamics. Separate conditions for single-input and multiple-input control schemes for synchronization of a wide class of FHN systems are provided. The results of the proposed techniques are verified through numerical simulations.

The Use of Damping Based Semi-Active Control Algorithms in the Mechanical Smart-Spring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander Gustavo Rocha Vieira ◽  
Fred Nitzsche ◽  
Carlos De Marqui
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Spring Mechanism

In recent decades, semi-active control strategies have been investigated for vibration reduction. In general, these techniques provide enhanced control performance when compared to traditional passive techniques and lower energy consumption if compared to active control techniques. In semi-active concepts, vibration attenuation is achieved by modulating inertial, stiffness, or damping properties of a dynamic system. The smart spring is a mechanical device originally employed for the effective modulation of its stiffness through the use of semi-active control strategies. This device has been successfully tested to damp aeroelastic oscillations of fixed and rotary wings. In this paper, the modeling of the smart spring mechanism is presented and two semi-active control algorithms are employed to promote vibration reduction through enhanced damping effects. The first control technique is the smart-spring resetting (SSR), which resembles resetting control techniques developed for vibration reduction of civil structures as well as the piezoelectric synchronized switch damping on short (SSDS) technique. The second control algorithm is referred to as the smart-spring inversion (SSI), which presents some similarities with the synchronized switch damping (SSD) on inductor technique previously presented in the literature of electromechanically coupled systems. The effects of the SSR and SSI control algorithms on the free and forced responses of the smart-spring are investigated in time and frequency domains. An energy flow analysis is also presented in order to explain the enhanced damping behavior when the SSI control algorithm is employed.

Nonlinear Control Strategies for a Pendubot System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Bello-Robles ◽  
Oscar J. Suarez ◽  
Aldo Pardo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pendubot System

Conditional integrator sliding mode control of an unmanned quadrotor helicopter

2021 ◽  
pp. 095965182110498
Author(s):  
Yohan Díaz-Méndez ◽  
Leandro Diniz de Jesus ◽  
Marcelo Santiago de Sousa ◽  
Sebastião Simões Cunha ◽  
Alexandre Brandão Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Mode Control

Sliding mode control (SMC) is a widely used control law for quadrotor regulation and tracking control problems. The purpose of this article is to solve the tracking problem of quadrotors using a relatively novel nonlinear control law based on SMC that makes use of a conditional integrator. It is demonstrated by a motivation example that the proposed control law can improve the transient response and chattering shortcomings of the previous approaches of similar SMC based controllers. The adopted Newton–Euler model of quadrotor dynamics and controller design is treated separately in two subsystems: attitude and position control loops. The stability of the control technique is demonstrated by Lyapunov’s analysis and the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method are compared with a similar integral law, also based on SMC, and validated by tracking control problems using numerical simulations. Simulations were developed in the presence of external disturbances in order to evaluate the controller robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was verified by performance indexes, demonstrating less accumulated tracking errors and control activity and improvement in the transient response and disturbance rejection when compared to a conventional integrator sliding mode controller.

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