scholarly journals Impact of Surface Modification and Nanoparticle on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu David Ibrahim ◽  
Tamba Jamiru ◽  
Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
Williams Kehinde Kupolati ◽  
Stephen Chinenyeze Agwuncha
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Sisal Fibers

The use of plant fibers, polymer, and nanoparticles for composite has gained global attention, especially in the packaging, automobile, aviation, building, and construction industries. Nanocomposites materials are currently in use as a replacement for traditional materials due to their superior properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Sisal fiber (SF) was treated with 5% NaOH for 2 hours at 70°C. A mixed blend of sisal fiber and recycled polypropylene (rPP) was produced at four different fiber loadings: 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%, while nanoclay was added at 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as the compatibilizer for all composites prepared except the untreated sisal fibers. The characterization results showed that the fiber treatment, addition of MAPP, and nanoclay improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability and reduced water absorption of the SF/rPP nanocomposites. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength increased by 32.80, 37.62, and 5.48%, respectively, when compared to the untreated SF/rPP composites. Water absorption was reduced due to the treatment of fiber and the incorporation of MAPP and nanoclay.

scholarly journals Low Water Absorption, High-Strength Polyamide 6 Composites Blended with Sustainable Bamboo-Based Biochar

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Shiliu Zhu ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Shengquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
The Impact

To promote the application of polyamide 6 (PA6) in wood–plastic composites, the negative effects associated with the thermal degradation of plant fibers must be overcome. In this study, waste bamboo fibers were subjected to pyrolysis and ball milling to afford nano bamboo-based biochar (BC), which was subsequently used as reinforcement to prepare PA6/BC nano composites by injection molding. In addition, the processing fluidity, water absorption, mechanical properties, and interface compatibility of PA6/BC composites were discussed. Results revealed that a BC content of less than 30 wt% is beneficial to improve the processing fluidity of the composites. With the increase in the BC content, the density of the PA6/BC composites gradually increased, while the water absorption of the PA6/BC composites gradually decreased, and the maximum decrease was 46%. Compared to that of pure PA6, the mechanical strength of PA6/BC composites was improved by the addition of BC, and the maximum tensile/flexural strength and modulus of PA6/BC composites increased by 41%/72% and 195%/244%, respectively. However, the impact strength decreased by 27%. After immersion treatment, the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of the composites decreased, while toughness improved. At a BC content of less than 40 wt%, BC particles exhibited good dispersibility and wettability in the PA6 matrix, and the rough surface and rich pore structure of BC rendered strong mechanical interlocking effects and good interface compatibility, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites.

scholarly journals Structural design and construction of an office building with laminated bamboo lumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Guo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Structure Form ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Laminated Bamboo Lumber

With so many advantages such as environmental friendliness, fast-growing, high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainability, and the capability of being reused or recycled, bamboo structures has gained more and more attention for scientists. This paper shows the feasibility of the design of an office building using laminated bamboo lumbers in compliance with the Chinese standards as GB50009-2012, GB50011-2010, GB50016-2014, and GB 50005-2017. Detailed information about the materials and building were offered. A lot of related construction photos were offer to show the building process. This case is a very good application example for laminated bamboo lumber buildings and has attracted many engineers’ attention in industrial field. Laminated bamboo lumber structures should have a bright future. It should become one main structure form in civil engineering area. However, due to none existing engineered bamboo structures design standard now, engineers have to take reference to standards for timber structures. Setting up the standard system is very important for engineered bamboo structures’ application. Through more and more scientists’ hard working, it might be not a long way to build the code system.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Biopolymeric Treatment on Sisal Fiber Properties and Fiber-Cement Bond

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. L. Lima ◽  
Heni Mirna Santos ◽  
Geany Peruch Camilloto ◽  
Renato Souza Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Bond Stress ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Sisal fiber, available in various semi-arid regions around the world, is the most studied natural fiber for the reinforcement of polymeric and cement-based composites. However, to improve the fiber–matrix interaction and to reduce the hydrophilicity of the fiber, it is necessary to establish surface treatments that employ sustainable materials, unlike conventional surface treatments. In this work, sisal fibers were coated separately with cellulose acetate, hydrophobic starch, and cassava starch biopolymers in order to verify the possibility of reducing the water absorption capacity of the fiber by the use of a biodegradable resin. A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and water absorption and tensile tests was used to investigate the effects of the surface treatments on the sisal fiber properties. Pullout tests of sisal fibers with embedded lengths of 20 mm and 40 mm were performed to determine the influence of the treatments on the bond stress with cement mortar. Composites with 4 vol % short fiber were produced and tested for flexion. The study results indicated that all treatments reduced the mechanical properties of the fiber; however, the layer of the cellulose acetate biopolymer film formed on the fiber surface was effective in reducing the fiber hydrophilicity. Experimental tests on the composites revealed that the cellulose acetate treatment reduced the bond stress and, to a lesser degree, the flexural toughness of the composite, despite the increase in flexural strength.

scholarly journals Durability Study of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Naraganti
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Sisal has been reported as one of the promising fibers for cement composite applications. The durability of sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and steel sisal fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) have not been reported. Water absorption, rapid chloride permeability, and acid attack tests are conducted on fibrous cement composites. Steel, polypropylene, and sisal fibers with a total volume of 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% were used. Sisal at a content of 1.50% in SFRC increases the water absorption by 76%, but it is reduced to 30% for SSFRC with 0.2% of sisal content. SFRC and SSFRC show the increased permeability of 1.69% and 2.09% respectively. SFRC experiences the highest volume loss of 6.52%. SSFRC illustrates the resistance to the mass loss and compressive strength loss. In conclusion, untreated sisal in any form is found to be not advantageous for durable fibrous concrete structures.

Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathish ◽  
T. Ganapathy ◽  
Thiyagarajan Bhoopathy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Sisal Fiber

In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.

Water Absorption in Sisal Fiber Reinforced-Polymeric Matrix Composites: Three-Dimensional Simulations and Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
D. Gomes dos Santos ◽  
A.G. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
P. de Sousa Costa ◽  
E. Santana de Lima ◽  
G. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
Polymeric Matrix Composites

In this work was conducted a theoretical and experimental study of water absorption in polyester matrix composites reinforced with sisal fiber at temperatures of 25, 50 and 70°C. A fiber content 44.6% sisal fibers, and 55.4% polyester matrix were used in the manufacture of the polymer composite. The dimensions of the composite were 20x20x3mm3and 20x20x6mm3. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersion of the samples in a distilled water bath and the water uptake calculated by weight difference of the samples in the dry and wetted condition at different elapsed time. A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict mass transfer during the water absorption inside the parallelepiped solid. Results of water absorption kinetic and moisture content distribution inside the composites showed the more favorable areas which presents delamination problems due the weakness of the fiber-matrix interface and consequently, reduction in the mechanical properties. It was found that the high water bath temperatures accelerate the absorption process and that the water absorption of the sisal reinforced polymer composite with 3 mm of thickness was faster than the with 6 mm of thickness.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hybrid Composite Made of False Banana Fiber and Sisal Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3220-3226
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Banana Fiber

The importance of natural fiber reinforced composites is rapidly developing both in terms of engineering application and research field. The aim of this investigation is conducting an experiment to obtain the water absorption, physical and Mechanical properties of hybrid composite was fabricated from (False Banana Fiber) FBF and (Sisal Fiber) SF through general purpose (GP) resin-hardener mixture. The samples fabrication procedure was carried out by varying FBF and SF weight ratio to see its effect of mechanical and physical properties. Three samples (FBF: SF) i.e., 1:1 ratio, 3:1 ratio and 1:3 ratio with ply orientation as the reinforcement material. Then, tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength water absorption percentage and density was conducted according to ISO and ASTM standards. The results show that the overall tensile strength shows a 1:3 ratio have shown 69 MPa which are higher than 1:1 ratio and 3:1 ratio. 3:1 ratio. In a compression strength test also 12.30 MPa which was higher result is obtained from 3:1 ratio. For both flexural(bending) strength and water absorption (for ordinary tap water and rainwater) test 380 MPa and (2.64 % and 3.07 %) respectively resulted, which are relatively less than from 1:1 ratio and 3:1ratio.

Green Composites Based on Recycled Plastic Reinforced Local Sisal Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P.G. Suardana ◽  
Ni Made Suaniti ◽  
I. Putu Lokantara
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Recycled polypropylene (PP) and sisal fiber, which are available in abundant ammount, can be used for producing a composite, a new material that reduce production costs and environmental damage. The new materials will be used for manufacturing floor tiles that are environmentally friendly, light but still technically qualified, and are expected to replace the ceramic tiles that are relatively heavy. However, the drawbacks in the application, natural fiber is a combustible material and it absorbs water easily (hydrophilic). To overcome these obstacles then a study on fiber chemical treatment was conducted. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of chemical treatments on sisal fibers for fire resistance capability, the moisture resistance and tensile properties of the composites. So these composite materials can replace ceramic tile that is used for houses, hotels, ships and so on. In this research, sisal fibers with length of 10 mm were treated by NaOH and followed by Vulcan AF21 (Vulcan) of 5%, 10% and 20% for 2-hours for fire resistance, and other treatment with Acrylic acid (AA) of 1%, 5% and 10% for 1 hour at 50°C for moisture resistance. Fiber material that has been chemically treated is mixed with recycled PP. Test specimens were made in hot pressed. Fire resistance testing was conducted based on ASTM D635 standards, water absorption testing (ASTM D570), and tensile testing. The result shows that the higher the percentage of Vulcan treatment on sisal fiber is of 5%, 10% and 20%, the linear burning rate, the percentage of weight loss and weight loss rate of sisal fiber polypropylene composites decreases which means the composite is more resistant to fire. In general, the increase percentage of Vulcan on treatment sisal fibers shows a decrease in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity but a slight increase tensile strain of composite. Fiber treated with acrylic acid (AA) experienced a reduction of water absorption compared to the untreated of fiber composites.

Precipitation in Al-Li-Zr alloys

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
D.M. Vanderwalker
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Aluminum Lithium ◽  
Aluminum Lithium Alloys ◽  
Lithium Alloys ◽  
Zr Alloys

Aluminum-lithium alloys have a low density and high strength to weight ratio. They are being developed for the aerospace industry.The high strength of Al-Li can be attributed to precipitation hardening. Unfortunately when aged, Al-Li aquires a low ductility and fracture toughness. The precipitate in Al-Li is part of a sequence SSSS → Al3Li → AlLi A description of the phases may be found in reference 1 . This paper is primarily concerned with the Al3Li phase. The addition of Zr to Al-Li is being explored to find the optimum in properties. Zirconium improves fracture toughness and inhibits recrystallization. This study is a comparision between two Al-Li-Zr alloys differing in Zr concentration.Al-2.99Li-0.17Zr(alloy A) and Al-2.99Li-0.67Zr (alloy B) were solutionized for one hour at 500oc followed by a water quench. The specimens were then aged at 150°C for 16 or 40 hours. The foils were punched into 3mm discs. The specimens were electropolished with a 1/3 nitric acid 2/3 methanol solution. The transmission electron microscopy was conducted on the JEM 200CX microscope.

TUNGUM ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Tungum alloy combines an unusually high strength-to-weight ratio, with ductility, excellent corrosion resistance, and good fatigue properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: Cu-806. Producer or source: Tungum Ltd.

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