scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Two Calcium Phosphate/Collagen Composite Materials and Their Osteogenic Effects on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Gui-feng Zhang ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Composite Scaffolds

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal seed cells for use in bone tissue engineering and they have many advantages over other stem cells. In this study, two kinds of calcium phosphate/collagen composite scaffolds were prepared and their effects on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs were investigated. The hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) composite scaffolds (HTPSs), which have an additionalβ-tricalcium phosphate, resulted in better proliferation of ADSCs and showed osteogenesis-promoting effects. Therefore, such composite scaffolds, in combination with ADSCs or on their own, would be promising for use in bone regeneration and potential clinical therapy for bone defects.

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-Hydroxyapatite Composites: The Development of Osteoinductive Scaffolds for Bone Regenerative Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Deng ◽  
Emily K. Cushnie ◽  
Qing Lv ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Regenerative Engineering

ABSTRACTRegenerative engineering represents a new multidisciplinary paradigm to engineer complex tissues, organs, or organ systems through the integration of tissue engineering with advanced materials science, stem cell science and developmental biology. While possessing elements of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and morphogenesis, regenerative engineering is distinct from these individual disciplines since it specifically focuses on the integration and subsequent response of stem cells to biomaterials. One goal of regenerative engineering is the design of materials capable of inducing associated cells toward highly specialized functions. For example, the interaction of cells with calcium phosphate surfaces has proven to be an important signaling modality in promoting osteogenic differentiation. A biodegradable polymer-ceramic composite system has been developed from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and in situ synthesized hydroxyapatite based on the three-dimensional sintered microsphere matrix platform. We have systematically optimized scaffold physico-chemical, mechanical, and structural properties for bone tissue regeneration applications by varying several parameters such as solution pH, polymer:ceramic ratio, sintering time and sintering temperature. The bioactivity of composite scaffolds is attributed to their ability to deliver calcium ions to surrounding medium and allow for reprecipitation of calcium phosphate on the scaffold surface. Furthermore, the composite scaffolds have demonstrated increased loading capacity of osteoinductive growth factor (BMP-2) and a more sustained release profile due to a greater number of adsorption sites provided by the ionic calcium and phosphate groups as well as a larger matrix surface area. In vitro cell studies were performed to investigate the efficacy of this composite system to induce osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Cells cultured on the ceramic containing scaffolds exhibited significantly higher expression of osteoblastic markers and greater extracellular matrix mineralization than non-ceramic containing scaffolds, indicating the potential for the ceramic phase to promote osteogenic differentiation. In addition, loaded BMP-2 retained its bioactivity as a mitogen and osteoinductive agent during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into mature osteoblasts. In vivo evaluation using a critical-sized ulnar defect model in New Zealand white rabbits demonstrated the ability of composite scaffolds to support cellular infiltration throughout the scaffold pore structure and vascularization of new tissue, as well as facilitate formation of newly mineralized bone tissue. The work described herein provides strong evidence for the potential of polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds to function as osteoinductive bone graft substitutes, and paves the way for future development of advanced tissue-inducing materials.

scholarly journals The preparation and application of calcium phosphate biomedical composites in filling of weight-bearing bone defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Cheng ◽  
Tianchang Lin ◽  
Ahmad Taha Khalaf ◽  
Yamei Zhang ◽  
Hongyan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Thermosensitive Hydrogel ◽  
Bone Repairing ◽  
Histological Staining

AbstractNowadays, artificial bone materials have been widely applied in the filling of non-weight bearing bone defects, but scarcely ever in weight-bearing bone defects. This study aims to develop an artificial bone with excellent mechanical properties and good osteogenic capability. Firstly, the collagen-thermosensitive hydrogel-calcium phosphate (CTC) composites were prepared as follows: dissolving thermosensitive hydrogel at 4 °C, then mixing with type I collagen as well as tricalcium phosphate (CaP) powder, and moulding the composites at 37 °C. Next, the CTC composites were subjected to evaluate for their chemical composition, micro morphology, pore size, Shore durometer, porosity and water absorption ability. Following this, the CTC composites were implanted into the muscle of mice while the 70% hydroxyapatite/30% β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) biomaterials were set as the control group; 8 weeks later, the osteoinductive abilities of biomaterials were detected by histological staining. Finally, the CTC and HA/TCP biomaterials were used to fill the large segments of tibia defects in mice. The bone repairing and load-bearing abilities of materials were evaluated by histological staining, X-ray and micro-CT at week 8. Both the CTC and HA/TCP biomaterials could induce ectopic bone formation in mice; however, the CTC composites tended to produce larger areas of bone and bone marrow tissues than HA/TCP. Simultaneously, bone-repairing experiments showed that HA/TCP biomaterials were easily crushed or pushed out by new bone growth as the material has a poor hardness. In comparison, the CTC composites could be replaced gradually by newly formed bone and repair larger segments of bone defects. The CTC composites trialled in this study have better mechanical properties, osteoinductivity and weight-bearing capacity than HA/TCP. The CTC composites provide an experimental foundation for the synthesis of artificial bone and a new option for orthopedic patients.

scholarly journals Porous Cellulose-Collagen Scaffolds For Soft Tissue Regeneration: Influence of Cellulose Derivatives On Mechanical Properties And Compatibility With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kacvinská ◽  
Martina Trávničková ◽  
Lucy Vojtová ◽  
Petr Poláček ◽  
Jana Dorazilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Regeneration

Abstract This study deals with cellulose derivatives in relation to the collagen fibrils in composite collagen-cellulose scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. Two types of cellulose, i.e., oxidized cellulose (OC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were blended with collagen (Col) to enhance its elasticity, stability and sorptive biological properties, e.g. hemostatic and antibacterial features. The addition of OC supported the resistivity of the Col fibrils in a dry environment, while in a moist environment OC caused a radical drop. The addition of CMC reduced the mechanical strength of the Col fibrils in both environments. The elongation of the Col fibrils was increased by both types of cellulose derivatives in both environments, which is closely related to tissue like behaviour. In these various mechanical environments, the ability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to adhere and proliferate was significantly greater in the Col and Col/OC scaffolds than in the Col/CMC scaffold. This is explained by deficient mechanical support and loss of stiffness due to the high swelling capacity of CMC. Although Col/OC and Col/CMC acted differently in terms of mechanical properties, both materials were observed to be cytocompatible, with varying degrees of further support for cell adhesion and proliferation. While Col/OC can serve as a scaffolding material for vascular tissue engineering and for skin tissue engineering, Col/CMC seems to be more suitable for moist wound healing, e.g. as a mucoadhesive gel for exudate removal, since there was almost no cell adhesion.

scholarly journals Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamasa Faqhiri ◽  
Markus Hannula ◽  
Minna Kellomäki ◽  
Maria Teresa Calejo ◽  
Jonathan Massera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Glass Composite ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Glasses

This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.

scholarly journals Surface mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics loaded with urine-derived stem cells are effective in bone regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xing ◽  
Lang Li ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
Guoming Liu ◽  
Xin Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
Segmental Bone Defects

Abstract Background Segmental bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or infection are a serious challenge for orthopedists in the world. Recent developments in tissue engineering have provided a new treatment for segmental bone defects. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) can be obtained noninvasively and might be a new kind of seed cells used in bone tissue regeneration. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to investigate the biological characteristics of USCs. The second aim of the present study was to study the osteogenic effect of surface mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCPs) loaded with USCs in vitro and in vivo. Methods We isolated USCs from the urine of healthy adult donors and evaluated the biological characteristics of USCs in vitro. We mineralized the surface of BCPs by simulated body fluid (SBF). Cell adhesion and proliferation of USCs on the surface mineralized BCPs were evaluated. Osteogenic proteins and genes of USCs on the surface mineralized BCPs were texted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Critical-sized segmental bone defects model in New Zealand white rabbits were established and randomly divided into 4 groups (surface mineralized BCPs loaded with USCs, BCPs loaded with USCs, surface mineralized BCPs, and BCPs) based on the implant they received. The therapeutic efficacy of the scaffolds in a large bone defect at post-implantation was evaluated by imaging and histological examination. Results USCs isolated in our study expressed stem cell-specific phenotypes and had a stable proliferative capacity and multipotential differentiation capability. Surface mineralized BCPs promoted osteogenic proteins and genes expression of USCs without affecting the proliferation of USCs. After 10 weeks, the amount of new bone formation was the highest in the group of surface mineralized BCPs loaded with USCs. Conclusion USCs, from non-invasive sources, have good application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. Surface mineralized BCPs can significantly enhance osteogenic potential of USCs without changing biological characteristics of BCPs. Surface mineralized BCPs loaded with USCs are effective in repairing of critical-sized segmental bone defects in rabbits.

scholarly journals Repair of bone defects using adipose-derived stem cells combined with alpha-tricalcium phosphate and gelatin sponge scaffolds in a rat model

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana CORSETTI ◽  
◽  
Claudia BAHUSCHEWSKYJ ◽  
Deise PONZONI ◽  
Renan LANGIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

In vitro Three Dimensional Scaffold-free Construct of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Coculture with Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1344
Author(s):  
Grigore Berea ◽  
Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽  
Vasile Sandru ◽  
Paul Dan Sirbu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Complex interactions between stem cells, vascular cells and fibroblasts represent the substrate of building microenvironment-embedded 3D structures that can be grafted or added to bone substitute scaffolds in tissue engineering or clinical bone repair. Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (hASCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) can be mixed together in three dimensional scaffold free constructs and their behaviour will emphasize their potential use as seeding points in bone tissue engineering. Various combinations of the aforementioned cell lines were compared to single cell line culture in terms of size, viability and cell proliferation. At 5 weeks, viability dropped for single cell line spheroids while addition of NDHF to hASC maintained the viability at the same level at 5 weeks Fibroblasts addition to the 3D construct of stem cells and endothelial cells improves viability and reduces proliferation as a marker of cell differentiation toward osteogenic line.

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