scholarly journals Do Lactation-Induced Changes in Ghrelin, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, and Peptide YY Influence Appetite and Body Weight Regulation during the First Postpartum Year?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Enette Larson-Meyer ◽  
Jessica Schueler ◽  
Erin Kyle ◽  
Kathleen J. Austin ◽  
Ann Marie Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
And Control

To determine whether fasting and meal-induced appetite-regulating hormones are altered during lactation and associated with body weight retention after childbearing, we studied 24 exclusively breastfeeding women (BMI = 25.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2) at 4-5 weeks postpartum and 20 never-pregnant controls (BMI = 24.0 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1, and appetite ratings were measured before/and 150 minutes after a standardized breakfast and 60 minutes after anad libitumlunch. Body weight/composition were measured at 6 and 12 months. Fasting and area under-the-curve responses for appetite-regulating hormones did not differ between lactating and control groups;ghrelinacyl, however, tended to track higher after the standardized breakfast in lactating women and was higher (p<0.05) after thead libitumlunch despite a 24% higher energy intake (p< 0.05). By 12 months, lactating women lost 5.3 ± 2.2 kg (n=18), whereas control women (n=15) remained weight stable (p=0.019); fifteen of the lactating women returned to within ±2.0 kg of prepregnancy weight but three retained >6.0 kg. The retainers had greater (p<0.05) postmeal ghrelin rebound responses following breakfast. Overall these studies do not support the hypothesis that appetite-regulating hormones are altered during lactation and associated with postpartum weight retention. Altered ghrelin responses, however, deserve further exploration.

scholarly journals Association of Full Breastfeeding Duration with Postpartum Weight Retention in a Cohort of Predominantly Breastfeeding Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna J. Tahir ◽  
Jacob L. Haapala ◽  
Laurie P. Foster ◽  
Katy M. Duncan ◽  
April M. Teague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Postpartum Weight Retention ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother–infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1–3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3–6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1–3 months, those who reported FBF for 3–6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3–6 versus ≥6 months (p > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.

Glucagon-like peptid-1 in obese and diabetic patients after bariatric interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Anna R. Volkova ◽  
Galina V. Semikova ◽  
Valentina S. Mozgunova ◽  
Margarita N. Maltseva ◽  
Vladimir L. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The relationship between the level of glucagon-like peptide-1 and repeated weight gain was evaluated in 31 patients suffering from grade IIIII obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus after bariatric interventions for 3 years. It was found that the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 significantly increased by the third day after sleeve gastroplasty and gastroschunt compared to the initial parameters (p = 0.001 for obese patients; p = 0.000 for obese patients and diabetes mellitus). In the plateau phase (body weight retention) after bariatric intervention, the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 in obese patients and patients suffering from obesity in combination with diabetes mellitus did not significantly differ from the indicators of healthy individuals. There was no association between the level of glucagon-like peptide-1 and repeated weight gain. This may be due to the limited contribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 to body weight dynamics after bariatric interventions and the predominance of patient compliance. Thus, the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 at baseline, on the third day and in the plateau phase after bariatric intervention was not associated with the value of repeated weight gain.

scholarly journals Αcute effects of essential amino acid gel-based and whey protein supplements on appetite and energy intake in older women

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Butterworth ◽  
Matthew Lees ◽  
Paul Harlow ◽  
Karen Hind ◽  
Lauren Duckworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acid Gel

Deficiencies in protein and energy intakes are partly responsible for age-related sarcopenia. We investigated the effects of supplements matched in essential amino acid (EAA) content (7.5 g) on energy intake and appetite. Ten women aged 69.2 ± 2.7 years completed 3 trials in a randomised, crossover design. Composite appetite scores, peptide-YY (PYY), and insulin responses to a 200-mL whey protein (WP) isolate (275 kJ), a 50-mL EAA gel (GEL, 478 kJ), or nothing as the control (CON) condition were investigated over 1 h, followed by an ad libitum breakfast. Energy intake at breakfast (CON, 1957 ± 713; WP, 1413 ± 623; GEL, 1963 ± 611 kJ) was higher in CON and GEL than in WP (both P = 0.006). After accounting for supplement energy content, energy intake in GEL was higher than in CON (P = 0.0006) and WP (P = 0.0008). Time-averaged area under the curve for composite appetite scores (CON, 74 ± 20; WP, 50 ± 22; GEL, 60 ± 16 mm) was higher in CON than WP (P = 0.015). Time-averaged area under the curve for PYY (CON, 87 ± 13; WP, 119 ± 27; GEL, 97 ± 22 pg·mL−1) was higher in WP than CON (P = 0.009) and GEL (P = 0.012). In conclusion, supplementation with WP facilitated an increase in protein intake, whereas supplementation with GEL increases in both energy and protein intakes, when consumed before an ad libitum breakfast. Such findings highlight potential gel-based EAA supplementation intake for addressing age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G752-G763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruze Y. Enç ◽  
Neşe I˙meryüz ◽  
Levent Akin ◽  
Turgut Turoğlu ◽  
Fuat Dede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Absorption ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We investigated the effect of acarbose, an α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor, on gastric emptying of solid meals of varying nutrient composition and plasma responses of gut hormones. Gastric emptying was determined with scintigraphy in healthy subjects, and all studies were performed with and without 100 mg of acarbose, in random order, at least 1 wk apart. Acarbose did not alter the emptying of a carbohydrate-free meal, but it delayed emptying of a mixed meal and a carbohydrate-free meal given 2 h after sucrose ingestion. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY). With mixed meal + acarbose, area under the curve (AUC) of gastric emptying was positively correlated with integrated plasma response of GLP-1 ( r = 0.68 , P < 0.02). With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles.

scholarly journals Repeated Intracerebroventricular Administration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7–36) Amide or Exendin-(9–39) Alters Body Weight in the Rat**This work was supported by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council.

Endocrinology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Meeran ◽  
Donal O’Shea ◽  
C. Mark B. Edwards ◽  
Mandy D. Turton ◽  
Melanie M. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Central nervous system glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36) amide (GLP-1) administration has been reported to acutely reduce food intake in the rat. We here report that repeated intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-(9–39), affects food intake and body weight. Daily icv injection of 3 nmol GLP-1 to schedule-fed rats for 6 days caused a reduction in food intake and a decrease in body weight of 16 ± 5 g (P &lt; 0.02 compared with saline-injected controls). Daily icv administration of 30 nmol exendin-(9–39) to schedule-fed rats for 3 days caused an increase in food intake and increased body weight by 7 ± 2 g (P &lt; 0.02 compared with saline-injected controls). Twice daily icv injections of 30 nmol exendin-(9–39) with 2.4 nmol neuropeptide Y to ad libitum-fed rats for 8 days increased food intake and increased body weight by 28 ± 4 g compared with 14 ± 3 g in neuropeptide Y-injected controls (P &lt; 0.02). There was no evidence of tachyphylaxis in response to icv GLP-1 or exendin-(9–39). GLP-1 may thus be involved in the regulation of body weight in the rat.

scholarly journals Associations Among Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Gestational Weight Gain, and Postpartum Weight Retention With Varying Estimates of Prepregnancy Weight

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Schlaff ◽  
Claudia Holzman ◽  
Kimberly S. Maier ◽  
Karin A. Pfieffer ◽  
James M. Pivarnik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Postpartum Weight Retention ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Postpartum Weight

Prospective studies examining postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in relation to the appropriateness of gestational weight gain (GWG) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and postpartum are lacking. While utilizing varying estimates of prepregnancy weight, we sought to prospectively examine associations among the aforementioned variables. Our sample consisted of a subset of women from the Archive for Research on Child Health Study (n = 68). Prepregnancy weight was obtained via questionnaire and birth certificates. GWG (2 estimates) was calculated by subtracting prepregnancy weight estimates from weight at delivery and classified as “excess” or “not excess.” Pregnancy and postpartum LTPA were self-reported and dichotomized at recommended levels. Prepregnancy weight estimates were subtracted from self-reported postpartum weight to calculate 2 estimates of PPWR at 6 months. Linear regression was used to examine relationships among GWG and LTPA, and PPWR. Estimates of excess GWG were associated with increased PPWR (mean difference = 3.3-8.9 kg), even after adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index and breastfeeding. Meeting pregnancy and postpartum LTPA recommendations did not significantly predict PPWR. Our findings highlight the importance of encouraging appropriate GWG and provide insight into the impact varying estimates of prepregnancy weight may have when exploring associations among these variables.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Anne Douglas ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Jan Maria Atkinson ◽  
Vahid Sari-Sarraf ◽  
David John Stensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Mean Differences

In lean individuals, acute aerobic exercise is reported to transiently suppress sensations of appetite, suppress blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin (AG), and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY). Findings in overweight/obese individuals have yet to be synthesised. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects that acute exercise has on AG and total PYY and GLP-1 in overweight/obese individuals. The potential for body mass index (BMI) to act as a moderator for AG was also explored. Six published studies (73 participants, 78% male, mean BMI: 30.6 kg·m−2) met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and standard errors were extracted for AG and total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations in control and exercise trials and synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis model. BMI was the predictor in metaregression for AG. Exercise moderately suppressed AG area-under-the-curve concentrations (pooled SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.15). The magnitude of this reduction was greater for higher mean BMIs (pooled metaregression slope: −0.04 SMD/kg·m−2 (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.00)). Trivial SMDs were obtained for total PYY (0.10, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31) and GLP-1 (−0.03, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.13). This indicates that exercise in overweight/obese individuals moderately alters AG in a direction that could be associated with decreased hunger and energy intake. This trial is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42014006265.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Polyphenolic Extract (Lippia Citriodora and Hibiscus Sabdariffa) on Appetite Regulation in Overweight and Obese Grade I Population: A 8 weeks Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Serna ◽  
Javier Marhuenda ◽  
Raúl Arcusa ◽  
Silvia Pérez-Piñeiro ◽  
Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lippia Citriodora ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Polyphenols have shown capacity to improve appetite sensation, leading to enhanced control of body weight. However, despite being related with hunger-related hormones, metabolic and mechanism is not well known.Methods: The effectiveness of a nutraceutical composed of extract to Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdarrifa (Lc-Hs) for controlling satiety and hunger was analyzed in a placebo controlled (Pla) clinical intervention. The study was divided in two 60 days periods separated by 30 days length washout period. At the end of each period, volunteers (n=33; both sexes) were proposed to eat an ad-libitum meal. Meanwhile, appetite sensation was determined by visual analog scales at different times. Moreover, blood extraction was performed to evaluate hunger-related hormones (insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, GLP-1 and peptide YY) and glycemic and lipid profile. Results: A decrease in appetite sensation was observed in Lc-Hs group, showing higher satiety quotient (Pla = 3.36 ± 2.33 %/kcal; Lc-Hs = 5.53 ± 2.91 %/kcal; p<0.0001). Area under the curve was higher in Pla compared to Lc-Hs during the test, from baseline to minute 240 (240 (Pla 9136.65 ± 2261.46 % x min-1; Lc-Hs 8279.73 ± 2745.71 % x min-1; p<0.014). Leptin values varied from baseline (Pla 12.36 ± 1.98 ng/mL; Lc-Hs 13.13 ± 1.99 ng/mL) to the end of the study (Pla 12.60 ± 2.02 ng/mL; Lc-Hs 12.06 ± 2.05 ng/mL; p<0.047). GLP-1 values varied (p<0.001) in Lc-Hs group from baseline (4.34 ± 0.49 ng/mL) to the end of the study (3.23 ± 0.52 ng/mL).Conclusion: The supplementation with the Lc-Hs extract decreases appetite sensation in overweight and obese population, reducing calorie intake after an ad-libitum meal. Due to variation on hunger-related hormones and the relationship between satiety feeling, it would be interesting to develop future research focused on the variation of the hormones themselves.

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