scholarly journals Time Dependent Influence of Rotating Magnetic Field on Bacterial Cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Fijałkowski ◽  
Rafał Rakoczy ◽  
Anna Żywicka ◽  
Radosław Drozd ◽  
Beata Zielińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of rotating magnetic field (RMF) on the morphology, physicochemical properties, and the water holding capacity of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthetized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The cultures of G. xylinus were exposed to RMF of frequency that equals 50 Hz and magnetic induction 34 mT for 3, 5, and 7 days during cultivation at 28°C in the customized RMF exposure system. It was revealed that BC exposed for 3 days to RMF exhibited the highest water retention capacity as compared to the samples exposed for 5 and 7 days. The observation was confirmed for both the control and RMF exposed BC. It was proved that the BC exposed samples showed up to 26% higher water retention capacity as compared to the control samples. These samples also required the highest temperature to release the water molecules. Such findings agreed with the observation via SEM examination which revealed that the structure of BC synthesized for 7 days was more compacted than the sample exposed to RMF for 3 days. Furthermore, the analysis of 2D correlation of Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated the impact of RMF exposure on the dynamics of BC microfibers crystallinity formation.

scholarly journals Differentiation of eiincorns by water retention capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hao Fu ◽  
V.S. Lyutenko ◽  
V.V. Zhmurko ◽  
R. L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Water Holding

Aim. On the basis of multivariate analysis, to differentiate einkorn wheat accessions by the water-holding capacity of leaves and ears and the parameters of these organs at the level of species and genotypes. Methods. The water-holding capacity was assessed by the moisture-yielding coefficient which was determined by the method of N.N. Kozhushko (Kozhushko, 1988). Differentiation of einkorn samples was carried out by the method of principal components in the interpretation of A.V. Korosov (Korosov, 1996). Results. Triticum monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary were characterized by the lowest specific moisture-yielding coefficients: for the second and flag leaves, respectively, (mg / cm2) 10.9, 7.0 and 11.4, 10.7; ears – the same samples as well as Triticum boeoticum UA0300401, Ukraine-Crimea: (mg / cm) 29.6, 28.2, 25.4. With an increase in the size of the lamina, there is a tendency to a decrease in its specific moisture yield. The samples of eincorn are differentiated into 4 clusters corresponding to the species. Conclusions. T. monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary are relatively drought tolerant. The complex of features characterizing leaf and spike size in combination with the moisture-yielding coefficients processed by the method of principal components makes it possible to differentiate einkorn oaccessions by species and genotype. Keywords: einkorns, moisture yield, drought resistance, leaf, ear.

scholarly journals Study of drought tolerance of hybrid material of home plum in southern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
A. A. Kochubey ◽  
R. Sh. Zaremuk
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Relevance. The aim of the research was to determine the physiological characteristics of the manifestation of resistance to stress factors (drought) of new hybrid forms of domestic plum and the allocation of the most drought-resistant in the environmental conditions of southern gardening.Methods. The article presents the results of drought tolerance studies of six promising hybrid forms of home plum (17–1-55, 17–1-69, 17–2-64, 17–2-78, 17–2-81, 17–3-79), concentrated in the genetic collection of SKFNTSVV. The main indicators characterizing the varieties and hybrids of home plum were determined as drought tolerant — the water content of the leaves and the water holding capacity of the leaves under conditions of summer moisture deficiency.Results. The water content of leaf tissue of hybrid forms in the hottest period (second — third decade of July) was heterogeneous. The highest water content in tissues was observed in hybrid seedlings 17–2-64 (63.1%) and 17–2-81 (59.6%). The smallest value was observed in the hybrid 17–3-79 and amounted to 49.7%. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that the studied hybrid forms do not differ in high water content, with the exception of hybrid 17–2-64, in which the water content can be characterized as above average. It was found that the water retention capacity of most hybrid forms is average. The total water content after withering in the studied hybrids was more than 80%. The greatest decrease in the amount of water in the leaves was observed in hybrids 17–1-55 (18.9%), 17–2-64 (18.5%), 17–3-79 (18.4%); the smallest — in hybrids 17–1-69 (13.3%), 17–2-78 (13.6%), which indicates a highwater retention capacity of the last two hybrids. With a general assessment of the hybrid fund of home plum, it was found that most hybrids studied have low hydration of leaf tissue and average water retention capacity. Based on this, two drought-resistant hybrid forms were identified: 17–1-69 and 17–2-78, which, despite the low water content, are distinguished by good water-holding ability in comparison with other hybrids and, as a consequence, the conservation of leaf turgor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the short-term effect of tillage practices on soil hydro-physical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Omid Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Available Water ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong> </strong>Tillage is one of the most important practices that have a significant influence on the soil hydro-physical properties. In this study, the impact of the type and number of input variables with five different methods of the Retc model to predicting the moisture retention curve and soil water content in three surfaces tillage NT (No-tillage), CP (Chisel Plough) and MP (Moldboard Plough) and the impact of tillage systems on soil hydro-physical properties were evaluated. According to results, when the field capacity and wilting point moisture was added to input data in Retc to predict the moisture curve model parameters, the EF was increased in MP (0.977, 0.95) and CP (0.891, 0.86) treatments compare the NT (0.665, 0.608). The Mualem–Van Genuchten model can describe satisfactorily the simulation of soil physical properties. The S-index, which was also affected by tillage, was greater than 0.066 in all tillage treatments, indicating good soil physical quality. Results indicated that NT had the highest and lowest values of bulk density (1.55 Mgr.m<sup>-3</sup>) and total available water (TAW) (0.038 m.m<sup>-1</sup>), respectively, and the differences between NT and MP in total porosity was significant. Overall, in most soil layers, tillage practices affected the porosity and total available water in the order MP &gt; CP &gt; NT. Water retention curves indicated that the water retention capacity was greater in tilled than in no-tilled and saturated hydraulic conductivity values were greater in tilled treatments than in NT soil.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of drying temperature on quality of β-glucan in white oat grains

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro da Conceição Oliveira ◽  
Maurício Oliveira ◽  
Volnei Luiz Meneghetti ◽  
Simone Mazzutti ◽  
Luciane Maria Colla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Harvest Moisture ◽  
Water Holding

Oats have received attention because of their nutritional characteristics, especially their high-quality content of β-glucan. The drying process reduces water content; therefore they can be preserved for long periods. However, high-temperature drying process may affect the physical, chemical, and functional properties of the grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different drying temperatures on β-glucan quality in oat grains. Grains of oats (Avena sativa, L.), cultivar Albasul, harvested at harvest moisture content of 23% were submitted to stationary drying at air temperatures of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ºC until they reached 13% moisture content. The β-glucan content was determined in samples of oat grains and extraction was performed using water as solvent at 90 ºC. The β-glucan extract was evaluated for water holding capacity, water retention capacity, capacity of displacement, and gelation properties. Stationary of oat grains at air temperatures above 25 ºC decreased the water holding capacity, whereas the content of β-glucan and the water retention capacity of β-glucan extract was affected at temperatures above 50 ºC. Physical changes such as increased gelation capacity of the β-glucan extract occurred following drying at air temperature over 75 ºC.

scholarly journals Carbon capacity of gray forest soils in the Chechen Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Rustam Gakaev
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Common areas of research needed to measure soil carbon include: (1) the impact of forest management, (2) the impact of climate change, and (3) the impact of increased carbon dioxide. The organic matter of the soil has a great influence on the productivity of the site due to its effect on the physical (bulk density, water retention capacity), biological (microbial populations) and chemical (cation exchange capacity) properties of soils. Recently, there have also been claims of the benefits of dead wood for forest ecosystems. However, as with all nutrients, too much carbon in the soil can have negative consequences, especially with regard to nitrogen immobilization.

scholarly journals Validation of Cryogenic Vacuum Extraction of Pore Water from Volcanic Soils for Isotopic Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Karen Gutierrez ◽  
Walter Valdivia-Cea ◽  
Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini ◽  
Alex Godoy-Faúndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Cryogenic Vacuum ◽  
The Impact

Andean headwater catchments are key components of the hydrological cycle, given that they capture moisture, store water and release it for Chilean cities, industry, agriculture, and cities in Chile. However, knowledge about within-Andean catchment processes is far from clear. Most soils in the Andes derive from volcanic ash Andosols and Arenosols presenting high organic matter, high-water retention capacity and fine pores; and are very dry during summer. Despite their importance, there is little research on the hillslope hydrology of Andosols. Environmental isotopes such as Deuterium and 18-O are direct tracers for water and useful on analyzing water-soil interactions. This work explores, for the first time, the efficiency of cryogenic vacuum extraction to remove water from two contrasting soil types (Arenosols, Andosols) at five soil water retention energies (from −1500 to −33 kPa). Two experiments were carried out to analyse the impact of extraction time, and initial water content on the amount of extracted water, while a third experiment tested whether the cryogenic vacuum extraction changed the isotopic ratios after extraction. Minimum extraction times to recover over 90% of water initially in the soil samples were 40–50 min and varied with soil texture. Minimum volume for very dry soils were 0.2 mL (loamy sand) and 1 mL (loam). After extraction, the difference between the isotope standard and the isotopic values after extraction was acceptable. Thus, we recommend this procedure for soils derived from volcanic ashes.

scholarly journals Effect of Unimodal and Bimodal Soil Hydraulic Properties on Slope Stability Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Hsin-Fu Yeh ◽  
Tsien-Ting Huang ◽  
Jhe-Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Seepage Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Conductivity Function ◽  
The Impact

Rainfall infiltration is the primary triggering factor of slope instability. The process of rainfall infiltration leads to changes in the water content and internal stress of the slope soil, thereby affecting slope stability. The soil water retention curve (SWRC) was used to describe the relationship between soil water content, matric suction, and the water retention characteristics of the soil. This characteristic is essential for estimating the properties of unsaturated soils, such as unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function and shear strength. Thus, SWRC is regarded as important information for depicting the properties of unsaturated soil. The SWRC is primarily affected by the soil pore size distribution (PSD) and has unimodal and bimodal features. The bimodal SWRC is suitable for soils with structural or dual-porous media. This model can describe the structure of micropores and macropores in the soil and allow the hydraulic behavior at different pore scales to be understood. Therefore, this model is more consistent with the properties of onsite soil. Few studies have explored the differences in the impact of unimodal and bimodal models on unsaturated slopes. This study aims to consider unimodal and bimodal SWRC to evaluate the impact of unsaturated slope stability under actual rainfall conditions. A conceptual model of the slope was built based on field data to simulate changes in the hydraulic behavior of the slope. The results of seepage analysis show that the bimodal model has a better water retention capacity than the unimodal model, and therefore, its water storage performance is better. Under the same saturated hydraulic conductivity function, the wetting front of the bimodal model moves down faster. This results in changes in the pressure head, water content, and internal stress of the soil. The results show that the water content and suction stress changes of the bimodal model are higher than those of the unimodal model due to the difference in water retention capacity. Based on the stability of the slope, calculated using the seepage analysis, the results indicate that the potential failure depth of the bimodal model is deeper than that of the unimodal model.

Utilization of Prosopis Juliflora Root Powder as a Self Curing Agent

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-345
Author(s):  
Pradeesh V ◽  
Karthikeyan S ◽  
Prabakaran D
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Water Holding

Curing plays a chief function in the improving the strength of concrete. The function of a self-curing agent is to save the water and to reduce the water evaporation from the concrete, and hence they increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared to the conventionally cured concrete. Prosopisjuliflora root powder is used as admixtures for self-curing concrete in this study. Prosopisjuliflora (SeemaiKaruvelam in Tamil) grows tremendously and spreads due to its mechanism to overcome adverse conditions of like drought and salt. With deep penetrating roots, it can draw water from deeper layers. Their root has high water holding capacity, so powder made from it can be used as admixture for self-curing concrete. This project involves the experimental investigation of self-curing of concrete by using Prosopisjuliflora root powder. Tests on fresh concrete and hardened concrete were conducted. From the results, we have concluded that adding prosopisjuliflora root powder as a self-curing agent in the concrete mix at various percentages, the addition of 0.75% of prosopisjuliflora root powder by the weight of cement attains the 28 days compressive strength of a conventional M25 grade concrete in 7 days.

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