scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Porcine kobuvirus and Its Coinfection Rate with PEDV and SaV in Northwest China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xi Lan ◽  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Porcine Kobuvirus ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
The Relationship

Porcine kobuvirus (PKV) has circulated throughout China in recent years. Although many studies have detected it throughout the world, its molecular epidemiology has not been characterized in northwest China. To understand its prevalence, 203 fecal samples were collected from different regions of Gansu Province and tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we tested these samples for PKV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and sapovirus and analyzed the amplified 2C gene fragments of PKV. Overall, 126 (62.1%) samples were positive for PKV. Of the 74 piglets samples among the 203 fecal samples, 65 (87.8%) were positive for PKV. PKV infection was often accompanied by PEDV, but the relationship between the two viruses must be confirmed. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PKV strains isolated from the same regions clustered on the same branches. This investigation shows that PKV infections are highly prevalent in pigs in northwest China, especially in piglets with symptoms of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Determining the impact of commercial feed additives as potential porcine epidemic diarrhea virus mitigation strategies as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis and bioassay1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T Gebhardt ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Philip C Gauger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was assessed using two feed additives (0.5% inclusion of a benzoic acid [BA] product and 0.02% inclusion of an essential oil [EO] product; DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsippany, NJ), and combination of both products (0.5% BA and 0.02% EO) in spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and a swine gestation diet (FEED) as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and bioassay. Viral RNA quantification was performed at 7 sampling days post-laboratory inoculation (d 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42) and infectivity was assessed via bioassay with 10-d-old pigs. There was a tendency for treatment × feed matrix × day interaction (P = 0.094), in which the cycle threshold (Ct) value increased over time in FEED when treated with both feed additives, whereas there was no increase over time observed in SDPP treated with both feed additives. There was a feed matrix × day interaction (P < 0.001) in which Ct increased over time in FEED, whereas very little increase over time was observed in SDPP. A tendency for a treatment × feed matrix effect (P = 0.085) was observed where FEED treated with the combination of EO and BA had a greater (P < 0.05) PEDV Ct value than other FEED treatments, and all SDPP treatments had the lower PEDV Ct values compared to FEED treatments (P < 0.05). Overall, the combination of both feed additives was most effective at reducing the quantity of genetic material as detected by qRT-PCR (P < 0.001) compared to either additive alone or no feed additive. Virus shedding was observed in the d 7 postinoculation SDPP treatment that was treated with both feed additives, as well as d 0 untreated FEED and d 0 FEED treated with both feed additives. No other treatment bioassay room had detectible RNA shed and detected in fecal swabs or cecal contents. In summary, the combination of EO and BA enhanced the degradation of PEDV RNA in feed but had little impact on RNA degradation in SDPP. Both untreated feed and feed treated with the combination of EO and BA resulted in infection at d 0 post-laboratory inoculation; however, neither set of samples was infective at d 1 postinoculation. In addition, SDPP harbored greater levels of quantifiable RNA for a longer duration of time compared to FEED, and these viral particles remained viable for a longer duration of time indicating differences in viral stability exist between different feed matrices.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Salmonella spp. in Fecal Samples of Pet Birds

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e29-e29
Author(s):  
B. Sareyyüpoğlu ◽  
A Çelik Ok ◽  
Z. Cantekin ◽  
H. Yardimci ◽  
M. Akan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Zebrafish embryos exposed to deltamethrin exhibit abnormalities despite induced expression of related genes (you, you-too, momo and u-boot)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Kuder Reshma Shabnam ◽  
Dharmapuri Gangappa ◽  
Gundala Harold Philip
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluation of the toxic effects of a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), was carried out in this study. This pesticide is preferred for pest control because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. We investigated the expression pattern of four genes, namely, you ( you), yot ( you-too), momo ( mom) and ubo ( u-boot) during early development of zebrafish, that is, from 12 hpf to 48 hpf stages. These stages are selected as most of the important developmental aspects take place during this period. All four genes are known to play a vital role in development of notochord and somites. To understand the effect of DM on development, embryos of 4 hpf stage were exposed to two concentrations (100 and 200 µg/L) of DM, and observations were made at 12, 24 and 48 hpf stages. Our earlier studies have shown phenotypic abnormalities such as notochord bending, tail deformation, yolk sac and pericardial edema, lightening of body and eye pigmentation and interfered in somite patterning, during these stages of development. Understanding the relationship of phenotypic abnormalities with these four genes has been our primary objective. These four genes were analyzed by Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction and intensity of the bands has shown induction in their expression after exposure to the toxicant. In spite of the expression of genes, it was noticed that DM caused abnormalities. It can be said from the results that translational pathway could have been affected.

scholarly journals Detection and Differentiation of Bovine Group A Rotavirus Serotypes using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Generated Probes to the VP7 Gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil V. Parwani ◽  
Blair I. Rosen ◽  
Jorge Flores ◽  
Malcolm A. McCrae ◽  
Mario Gorziglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vp7 Gene ◽  
Hybridization Assays

Dot and Northern blot hybridization assays were developed to detect and differentiate group A bovine rotavirus serotypes using radiolabeled serotype 6 (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus [NCDV] and United Kingdom [UK] strains) or serotype 10 (Cracker [Cr] strain) VP7 gene probes. Partial length VP7-specific cDNA encompassing areas of major sequence diversity were generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using either cloned VP7 genes (NCDV and UK strains) or reverse transcribed mRNA (Cr strain) as templates. Radiolabeled probes prepared from the PCR-generated cDNA were tested at various stringency conditions to optimize the hybridization assays. At high stringency conditions (52 C, 50% formamide, 5 x standard saline citrate), the NCDV, UK, and Cr probes serotypically differentiated bovine rotavirus isolates in RNA samples prepared from cell culture-propagated viruses or in fecal specimens from infected gnotobiotic calves. The sensitivity and specificity of NCDV and Cr VP7 probes were characterized in dot blot hybridization assays, and the probes were estimated to detect at least 1 ng of viral RNA. The serotyping results obtained using VP7 probes were similar to those obtained using serologic assays. Further development of these assays may provide a useful means for the rapid detection and differentiation of bovine rotavirus serotypes in fecal samples from calves in the field.

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