Mirror Visual Feedback Training Improves Intermanual Transfer in a Sport-Specific Task: A Comparison between Different Skill Levels

Mirror training therapy is a promising tool to initiate neural plasticity and facilitate the recovery process of motor skills after diseases such as stroke or hemiparesis by improving the intermanual transfer of fine motor skills in healthy people as well as in patients. This study evaluated whether these augmented performance improvements by mirror visual feedback (MVF) could be used for learning a sport-specific skill and if the effects are modulated by skill level. A sample of 39 young, healthy, and experienced basketball and handball players and 41 novices performed a stationary basketball dribble task at a mirror box in a standing position and received either MVF or direct feedback. After four training days using only the right hand, performance of both hands improved from pre- to posttest measurements. Only the left hand (untrained) performance of the experienced participants receiving MVF was more pronounced than for the control group. This indicates that intermanual motor transfer can be improved by MVF in a sport-specific task. However, this effect cannot be generalized to motor learning per se since it is modulated by individuals’ skill level, a factor that might be considered in mirror therapy research.

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Efficacy of fine motor and balance exercises on fine motor skills in children with sensorineural hearing loss

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience ◽

10.3233/rnn-211156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Elsayed S. Mehrem ◽

Lamyaa A. Fergany ◽

Said A. Mohamed ◽

Hany M. Fares ◽

Roshdy M. Kamel

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Balance Exercises ◽

Fine Motor Performance

Background: Childhood hearing impairment is a major disability associated with delayed motor development. The affected Fine motor performance in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) could be due to dynamic balance deficits and visual-motor incoordination. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of fine motor exercises with or without balancing exercises on fine motor skills in children with SNHL. Methods: One hundred and eighty (180) children their age ranged from 8 to 18 years old diagnosed with SNHL were selected. They were divided into three groups, 60 children (control group) practiced only their ordinary activities of daily living, 60 children (fine motor exercises group) practiced fine motor exercises, and 60 children (fine motor and balance exercise) group practiced fine motor and balance exercises. The outcomes were assessed by the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of the motor proficiency second edition scale (BOT-2). Results: Generally, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor exercises group where (p < 0.05), besides, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p < 0.05). But, there was no statistically significant difference between fine motor exercises group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The Fine Motor performance of children with SNHL has been improved by Fine motor with or without balancing exercises according to (BOT-2).

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THE MOZAIC EFFECT ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF 3-4 YEARS OLD CHILDREN IN INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE CENTER, THE WORKING AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER WAENA JAYAPURA CITY.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) ◽

10.29082/ijnms/2021/vol5/iss2/339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 139-148

Author(s):

Suryati Romauli

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Center ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Integrated Health Care ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Average Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Integrated Health

The Child development speed is unique; it varies due to the child’s nature and its stimulants. Lack of stimulants will affect late fine motoric development of children. Data from the Waena Health Center inform, 190 toddlers have impaired fine motor development. This research objective was to determine the effect of mosaic techniques on the enhancement of fine motor skills in children aged 3-4 years in Integrated Health Care Waena area, Jayapura City. A quantitative descriptive research was done with Two Group Pretest-Postest Group Design. The results before the mosaic technique showed in intervention group, had dubious fine motor skills (55.6%) and 16.6% deviant. Whereas in the control group had dubious fine motor skills (83.3%) and 5.6% deviant. After using mosaic technique the intervention group had fine motor skills (77.8%) and small part doubted (22.2%). The average score after improving fine motor skills in the intervention group was 8, while the control group was 7.1 with independent t-test statistical test at a significance value of 95% ( = 0.05) obtained p-value 0.042 or p <α (0.05), thus there is an effect of mosaic techniques on improving fine motor skills of children at the Integrated Health Care Waena area, Jayapura City. Keyword: Mozaik Technique, Fine motor skill, children age 3-4 tahun

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The Effect of 12 Weeks of Ski Training on Some Biometric Features of Girls

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v6i3.2538 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Murat Taş ◽

Elif Kiyici ◽

Fatih Kiyici

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Short Form ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Limb Coordination ◽

Before And After ◽

Package Program ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skiing on the biomotoric characteristics of children with evaluating tests of girls between the ages of eight and 14 before and after the season. The experimental group of this study was 15 girls who had just started skiing and the control group of 30 girls. In total, 45 volunteers joined the study. To follow the development of the children in the study, the Bruininks biomotoric-Oseretsky proficiency testing of engines, Second Edition Short Form (BOT 2 brief) test: Fine Motor Precision, Fine Motor Integration, Manual Dexterity, Bilateral Coordination, Balance, Running Speed and Agility, Upper-Limb Coordination, and Strength was used and total scores were measured. All measurements observed changes in the first test by applying the latest testing methods. The Windows SPSS 17.0 statistical package program was used to analyze the data with Independent-Sample t-test to find the differences between the groups. Statistically meaningful levels resulted as p< 0.05 and p< 0.001. No meaningful differences were found in the comparison of the motoric features of the girls who ski and those who do not in their pre-test. A meaningful difference was found in fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score after ski training. Ski training contributed to the fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score of the girls.

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Sensorineural hearing loss imprint on fine motor skills: A pediatric and adolescent innovative study

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-201589 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Roshdy M. Kamel ◽

Samir M Mounir ◽

Mohamed Ahmed Elbedewy ◽

Mohamed M. Essa ◽

Lamyaa A. Fergany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Normative Values ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of permanent hearing impairment and results in balance and motor deficits in children which may affect and/or delay all developmental indicators. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of sensorineural hearing loss regarding fine motor skills in children and adolescents. METHODS: Two hundred children with an age range between 7 to 18 years and diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss were selected from the Public School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in El-Minia district, Minia governorate, Egypt. The outcome was assessed by the use of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition scale (BOT-2) to measure fine motor skills. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the scores of Fine Motor Precision and Fine Motor Integration subtests of each study subgroup and its counterpart subgroup in the control group (normative values according to the scale) which has the same age and gender characteristics where p value equals (0.0008 or less, 0.0009 or less) respectively, with a large effect size less than –0.83. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that children with sensorineural hearing loss have a defect in their fine motor skills when compared to normal children of the same gender and age groups according to Bruininks-Oseretsky scale.

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Optical illusion alters M1 excitability after mirror therapy: a TMS study

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00321.2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 108 (10) ◽

pp. 2857-2861 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. H. Läppchen ◽

T. Ringer ◽

J. Blessin ◽

G. Seidel ◽

S. Grieshammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Visual Information ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Skill Training ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Intracortical Inhibition ◽

Control Group ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Left Hand ◽

Mirror Group

The contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) has been suggested to be involved in the motor recovery after mirror therapy, but whether the ipsilesional M1 is influenced by the contralesional M1 via transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) is still unclear. The present study investigated the change of IHI as well as the intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation of both M1 induced by training in a mirror with the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In this 2 × 2 factorial design (time × group), healthy subjects exercised standardized motor skills with their right hand on four consecutive days. Either a mirror (mirror group) or a board (control group) was positioned between their hands. Before and after training TMS was applied along with training tests of both hands. Tests were the same motor skills exercised daily by both groups. Tests of the untrained left hand improved significantly more in the mirror group than in the control group after training ( P = 0.02) and showed a close correlation with an increase of intracortical inhibition of M1left. IHI did not show any difference between investigation time points and groups. The present study confirms the previous suggestion of the involvement of the “contralesional” left-side (ipsilateral to the hand behind the mirror) M1 after mirror therapy, which is not mediated by IHI. Even with the same motor skill training (both groups performed same motor skills) but with different visual information, different networks are involved in training-induced plasticity.

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Probabilistic tools to gauge 6-month infants' ability to detect contingency

10.31234/osf.io/xcdjy ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Dauphin ◽

J. Kevin O'Regan

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Body Movement ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Individual Level ◽

Group I ◽

Level I ◽

The Individual ◽

Analytical Tools

Adults are capable of very fine motor skills whereas newborn babies’ motions are less accurately adjusted to the environment. It has been suggested that babies are sensitive to sensorimotor contingencies so they can acquire their body knowhow by gradually linking each body movement to its perceptual consequences. The research we pursued in the team is part of this theoretical framework. We use behavioural measurements to study how babies refine their body knowhow over time.During my internship, we studied arm differentiation in infants of age 6 months. An artificial contingency was established between the movements of one of the babies’ arms and the appearance of visual and auditory stimuli on both of their arms. My goal was to develop analytical tools to assess if babies detect the contingency (i.e. if they realize that they caused the occurrence of the stimuli). I tried to reproduce the probabilistic methodology developed by J. Watson in his experiments with 4month old babies. I could not obtain reliable results and so pursued my investigations. I adapted Watson’s analytical tools to create a binary indicator measuring the success of babies at the individual level. I showed that babies can differentiate between a situation where without doubt they have no control and a situation where they could be the cause of the stimulus. However, because babies who tried to test the contingency behaved similarly in both the test and the control group I can not ascertain that babies from the contingent group understood that they triggered the contingency.

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Veidrodžio terapijos reikšmė motorinei bei sensorinei funkcijai, skausminiam sindromui bei asocijuotos galvos smegenų žievės reorganizacijai po persirgto insulto

Sveikatos mokslai ◽

10.5200/sm-hs.2016.115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 189-194

Author(s):

Monika Žilionytė ◽

Jurgita Savickaitė ◽

Andrius Kederys ◽

Lina Varžaitytė

Keyword(s):

Visual Feedback ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Mirror Neurons ◽

Recovery Of Function ◽

Phantom Limb Pain ◽

Phantom Limb ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Mirror Visual Feedback ◽

Mirror Movement

Tyrimo tikslas – apžvelgti patikimais įrodymais pagrįstą literatūrą apie veidrodinės terapijos (VT) efektyvumą pacientams, persirgusiems galvos smegenų insultu. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atliekant sisteminę apžvalgą, mokslinių straipsnių paieška vykdyta duomenų bazėse: PubMed, BioMedCentral, Tylor&amp;Francis, CohraneLibrary, ScienceDirect. Mokslinių straipsnių paieška atlikta pagal kiekvienai duomenų bazei pritaikytą specialią paieškos strategiją. Paieškai buvo panaudoti šie raktažodžiai: „mirror therapy“, „rehabilitation“, „stroke“, „upper limb“, „recovery of function“, „mirror movement“, „phantom limb pain „, „mirror visual feedback“, „mirror neurons system“. Į sisteminę apžvalgą įtraukti anglų kalba 2008–2016 metais publikuoti atsitiktinių imčių kontroliuojami arba kontroliuojami prieš ir po tyrimai, kuriuose buvo vertinama VT įtaka paralyžiuotos galūnės motorinei ir sensorinei funkcijai, skausmo intensyvumui bei asocijuotos galvos smegenų žievės reorganizacijai. Tyrimo rezultatai. Į sisteminę apžvalgą įtraukta 11 tyrimų. Tyrimuose buvo suformuotos dvi grupės: tiriamųjų, kuriems buvo taikyta standartinė bei VT, ir kontrolinė grupė, kuriai buvo taikoma tik standartinė terapija. Daugelyje tyrimų VT taikyta vieną mėnesį. Rezultatai buvo vertinami prieš taikytą terapiją ir po jos. Apžvelgus visus šiuos 11 straipsnių stebime, kad tose tiriamųjų grupėse, kuriose naudojama VT, ženkliai pagerėja pacientų paralyžiuotos galūnės motorinė funkcija, padidėja vikrumas, sumažėja skausmas. Išvados. VT didina smegenų aktyvumą ipsilateralinėje motorinėje žievėje, somatosensorinėje zonoje, skatina asocijuotos žievės reorganizaciją, taip pat ji padeda pasiekti geresnių rezultatų pacientams, patyrusiems nedominuojančio pusrutulio insultą, sumažina persirgus insultu atsiradusį skausmą bei padidina po insulto sumažėjusį galūnių vikrumą. VT yra veiksminga ne tik gydant ūmiu ir poūmiu insultu, tačiau ir lėtiniu galvos smegenų insultu sergančius pacientus.

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Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 1037-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 797

Author(s):

A. Pascual-Leone ◽

D. Nguyet ◽

L. G. Cohen ◽

J. P. Brasil-Neto ◽

A. Cammarota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Cortical Motor ◽

Extensor Muscles ◽

Motor Outputs ◽

Motor Areas

1. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the role of plastic changes of the human motor system in the acquisition of new fine motor skills. We mapped the cortical motor areas targeting the contralateral long finger flexor and extensor muscles in subjects learning a one-handed, five-finger exercise on the piano. In a second experiment, we studied the different effects of mental and physical practice of the same five-finger exercise on the modulation of the cortical motor areas targeting muscles involved in the task. 2. Over the course of 5 days, as subjects learned the one-handed, five-finger exercise through daily 2-h manual practice sessions, the cortical motor areas targeting the long finger flexor and extensor muscles enlarged, and their activation threshold decreased. Such changes were limited to the cortical representation of the hand used in the exercise. No changes of cortical motor outputs occurred in control subjects who underwent daily TMS mapping but did not practice on the piano at all (control group 1). 3. We studied the effect of increased hand use without specific skill learning in subjects who played the piano at will for 2 h each day using only the right hand but who were not taught the five-finger exercise (control group 2) and who did not practice any specific task. In these control subjects, the changes in cortical motor outputs were similar but significantly less prominent than in those occurring in the test subjects, who learned the new skill.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The effect of early intervention of mirror visual feedback on pain, disability and motor function following hand reconstructive surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215518811907 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 494-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahsa Abolfazli ◽

Laleh Lajevardi ◽

Leila Mirzaei ◽

Hosein Ali Abdorazaghi ◽

Akram Azad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Motor Function ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Reconstructive Surgery ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Pinch Strength ◽

Control Group ◽

Pain Disability ◽

Mirror Visual Feedback ◽

And Control

Objective: To determine the effect of mirror visual feedback (MVF) on disability, pain, and motor function on patients who underwent hand reconstructive surgery. Design: Randomized, single-blinded controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation center. Subjects: A total of 40 patients who were randomly assigned into the intervention group ( n = 20) and control group ( n = 20) participated in this study. Interventions: The rehabilitation sessions took place twice a week for eight weeks. The control group received traditional rehabilitation for 75 minutes. While the intervention group performed MVF and traditional rehabilitation for 30 and 45 minutes, respectively. Measures: Pain and disability of the hand were assessed with McGill pain questionnaire and Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores. The range of joint motion was evaluated by Goniometer, and the strength of grip and pinch was evaluated by Dynamometer and Pinch gauge and dexterity evaluated by Minnesota Manual Muscle test. Results: The results indicated that both traditional and MVF methods induced significant decreasing pain (Pain Rate Index: F = 68.48, P = 0.000; Number of Word Count: F = 70.96, P = 0.000), disability ( F = 50.08, P = 0.000) and increasing dexterity (placing test: F = 28.73, P = 0.000), and range of motion ( F = 33.16, P = 0.000). The results also showed that the positive effect of MVF on pain, disability, dexterity, and range of motion was significantly greater than that of controls ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant result in grip and lateral pinch strength between the intervention and control group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: MVF, in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation programs, may lead to greater improvements in pain, disability, placing dexterity, and range of motion. But it seems not to be effective on pinch and grip power and turning dexterity.

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PENGARUH METODE PROYEK BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK GUGUS III KECAMATAN TAMPAKSIRING TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019

Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha ◽

10.23887/paud.v7i1.18743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Ni Wayan Mulandini . ◽

Luh Ayu Tirtayani, S.Psi.,M.Psi. . ◽

Drs. Ida Bagus Surya Manuaba,S.Pd., M.Fo .

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group Design ◽

Project Method ◽

Scientific Approach ◽

Quasi Experimental

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode proyek berbasis pendekatan saintifik terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B di TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian semu (quasi eksperimen) dengan rancangan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B di TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring, yang kemudian dilakukan pengundian untuk mendapatkan 2 sekolah sebagai sampel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata posttest kemampuan motorik halus pada kelompok ekperimen sebesar 82.12 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 68.82. Hasil analisis lebih lanjut diperoleh thitung sebesar 7.82 dengan taraf signifikan 5% dan dk=56 dengan nilai 2,003. Berdasarkan analisis data tersebut, ditunjukkan dengan thitung > ttabel kemampuan motorik halus.Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini metode proyek berbasis pendekatan saitifik berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring.Kata Kunci : metode proyek, pendekatan saintifik, motorik halus. This study aims to determine the effect of the project method based on a scientific approach to the fine motor skills of group children B TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring. This type of research is quasi experimental with the design of nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study were all group children B TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring, then the draw was made to get 2 schools as samples. The results of this study showed that the average posttest of to the fine motor skills in the experimental group was 82.12 while in the control group it was 68.82. The results of further analysis obtained tcount of 7.82 with a significance level of 5% and dk =56 with a value of 2,003. Based on the analysis of the data, it is indicated by tcount > ttable of fine motor skills. The conclusion in this study is that the project method based on a competitive approach influences fine motor skills in group children B TK Gugus III Kecamatan Tampaksiring. keyword : project method, scientific approach, fine motor

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