scholarly journals Fitness Effects of 10-Month Frequent Low-Volume Ball Game Training or Interval Running for 8–10-Year-Old School Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Nejst Larsen ◽  
Claus Malta Nielsen ◽  
Christina Ørntoft ◽  
Morten Bredsgaard Randers ◽  
Eva Wulff Helge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Volume

We investigated the exercise intensity and fitness effects of frequent school-based low-volume high-intensity training for 10 months in 8–10-year-old children. 239 Danish 3rd-grade school children from four schools were cluster-randomised into a control group (CON,n=116) or two training groups performing either5×12 min/wk small-sided football plus other ball games (SSG,n=62) or interval running (IR,n=61). Whole-body DXA scans, flamingo balance, standing long-jump, 20 m sprint, and Yo-Yo IR1 children’s tests (YYIR1C) were performed before and after the intervention. Mean running velocity was higher (p<0.05) in SSG than in IR (0.88±0.14versus0.63±0.20 m/s), while more time (p<0.05) was spent in the highest player load zone (>2;5.6±3.4versus3.7±3.4%) and highest HR zone (>90%HRmax;12.4±8.9versus8.4±8.0%) in IR compared to SSG. After 10 months, no significant between-group differences were observed for YYIR1C performance and HR after 2 min of YYIR1C (HRsubmax), but median-split analyses showed thatHRsubmaxwas reduced (p<0.05) in both training groups compared to CON for those with the lowest aerobic fitness (SSG versus CON: 3.2%  HRmax[95% CI: 0.8–5.5]; IR versus CON: 2.6%  HRmax[95% CI: 1.1–5.2]). After 10 months, IR had improved (p<0.05) 20 m sprint performance (IR versus CON: 154 ms [95% CI: 61–241]). No between-group differences (p>0.05) were observed for whole-body or leg aBMD, lean mass, postural balance, or jump length. In conclusion, frequent low-volume ball games and interval running can be conducted over a full school year with high intensity rate but has limited positive fitness effects in 8–10-year-old children.

scholarly journals Effect of Core Training on Trunk Flexor Musculature in Male Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. E147-E154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Takai ◽  
Miyuki Nakatani ◽  
Takuya Akamine ◽  
Katsuyuki Shiokawa ◽  
Daisuke Komori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Trunk Segment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Core Training ◽  
Training Modalities

AbstractThe present study aimed to elucidate the effect of core training on trunk flexor musculature in athletes. Twenty-eight collegiate male soccer players were randomly assigned to three groups: a training group that performed core exercises with wheeled platforms (WP), a training group that performed body mass-based core exercise (BME), and a control group that did not perform core exercise training (CON). WP and BME trained twice a week for 10 weeks. The WP performed 8–14 exercises with wheeled platforms. BME conducted four core exercises to failure. Before and after the intervention, trunk segment lean body mass (LBM) was measured using a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Muscle thicknesses (MTs) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis were determined with an ultrasound apparatus. No significant changes for any measured variables were found in CON. In both training groups, the trunk segment LBM was significantly increased through the intervention. While MT for IO significantly increased in the two training groups, significant increases in MT for RA were found in only WP. For collegiate soccer players, the core training programs adopted here can be effective in increasing trunk segment LBM, but the effectiveness on the trunk flexor muscularity differs between the two training modalities.

scholarly journals The Effects of Creatine on Blood Pressure Before, and After High Intensity Training

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Schmitz ◽  
Tyler Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

It is known that systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops five to seven mmHg for 22 hours immediately after a workout in individuals the have moderate hypertension, and that in individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP), one can expect to see a drop of four to five mmHg for over the following 22 hours. Creatine (CRE), one of the most recognized supplemental aids to enhance performance of high-intensity exercise, has convincingly substantiated its ergogenic potential (Naderi et al. 2016). However, little has been researched on the connection between creatine and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRE on BP after a bout of high intensity strength training on Division III football players at Gustavus Adolphus College. This study is a one sample research design. Each athlete had their blood pressure measured four total times. One resting BP was taken before the consumption of CRE and the other was taken 18-22 hours after the consumption of creatine. The same was done when each subject participated in the control group as well. The subjects were given the creatine or placebo (control) at random for their first trial and then given the opposite for the second trial one week later. The independent variable was consumption of CRE. The dependent variables were SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The difference in SBP and DBP between the trials were calculated and analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results showed that CRE trial BPs were slightly higher than in control trials although the difference was not significant (p&lt;0.05). The results of the study gave a better understanding of the effects of CRE on BP after a high intensity strength training session.

Amelioration of Decline in Immune Function in Athletes after High-Intensity Training by Bovine Colostrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Zhang Haimin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intensity Training

Long-term high-intensity training can cause a decline in immune function in athletes. In this study, we have explored whether bovine colostrum could improve the immune function in athletes undergoing intensive training. Thirty professional athletes were randomly divided into control group and bovine colostrum group; both groups received one month of intensive training. The control group received usual colostrum-free diet and the bovine colostrum group was fed bovine colostrum-rich milk every day. The venous blood was collected from both groups before and after the treatment period. The results showed that the lymphocyte population increased significantly in the bovine colostrum group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in CD4+ and CD8+ in the two groups (P < 0.05), but the CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the bovine colostrum group were significantly higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences in albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio in the control group (P < 0.05), but not in the bovine colostrum group after training. The bovine colostrum group had lower serum albumin and albumin/globulin (P < 0.05) and higher globulin (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in immunologic indexes before and after training in both groups (P > 0.05). The decline in the markers of immune function after high-intensity training was ameliorated by the intake of bovine colostrum.

Effect of Six Weeks of Sprint Interval Training on Mood and Perceived Health in Women at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Freese ◽  
Rachelle M. Acitelli ◽  
Nicholas H. Gist ◽  
Kirk J. Cureton ◽  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether 6 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) is associated with changes in mood and perceived health in women at risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Physically inactive women (30–65 years) were randomized to 6 weeks of nutrition meetings and SIT (n = 23; 3 bouts/week of 4–8 30-s cycle sprints with 4-min recovery) or a nonexercise control condition (CON; n = 24). Before and after the 6-week intervention, perceived health status and mood were assessed. Clinically relevant increases in role-physical scores (ES = 0.64) and vitality (ES = 0.52) were found after 6 weeks of SIT compared with a nonexercise control group. For middle-aged women at risk for MetS, it is concluded that high-intensity, low-volume SIT (1) increases feelings of vitality and perceptions of having fewer physical limitations and (2) does not induce mood disturbances as occurs with high-volume, high-intensity training.

scholarly journals Positive effects on bone mineralisation and muscular fitness after 10 months of intense school-based physical training for children aged 8–10 years: the FIT FIRST randomised controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Nejst Larsen ◽  
Claus Malta Nielsen ◽  
Eva Wulff Helge ◽  
Mads Madsen ◽  
Vibeke Manniche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
School Children ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bone Mineralisation

ObjectivesWe investigated whether musculoskeletal fitness of school children aged 8–10 years was affected by frequent intense PE sessions.Design and participants295 Danish school children aged 8–10 years were cluster randomised to a small-sided ball game group (SSG) (n=96, four schools, five classes), a circuit strength training group (CST) (n=83, four schools, four classes) or a control group (CON, n=116, two schools, five classes).InterventionSSG or CST was performed 3×40 min/week over 10 months. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were used to determine areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and lean body mass (LBM). Flamingo balance, standing long jump and 20-m sprint tests were used to determine muscular fitness.ResultsAnalysis of baseline-to-10 months change scores showed between-group differences in favour of the interventions in whole-body aBMD (SSG vs CON: 8 mg/cm2, 95% CI 3 to 13; CST vs CON: 7 mg/cm2, 95% CI 2 to 13, p<0.05) and leg BMC (SSG vs CON: 11 g, 95% CI 4 to 18; CST vs CON: 11 g, 95% CI 3 to 18, p<0.05). SSG had higher change scores in leg aBMD compared with CON and CST (SSG vs CON: 19 mg/cm2, 95% CI 11 to 39, p<0.05; SSG vs CST: 12 mg/cm2, 95% CI 3 to 21, p<0.05), and CST had higher change scores in whole-body BMC compared with CON (CST vs CON: 25 g, 95% CI 10 to 39, p<0.05). Both training types resulted in higher change scores in postural balance (SSG vs CON: 2.4 fewer falls/min, 95% CI 0.3 to 4.5, CST vs CON: 3.6 fewer falls/min, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9, p<0.05) and jump length (SSG vs CON: 10%, 95% CI 5 to 16%; CST vs CON: 9%, 95% CI 3 to 15%, p<0.05). No between-group differences were observed for sprint performance or LBM (p>0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, 3×40 min/week with SSG or CST over a full school year improves bone mineralisation and several aspects of muscular fitness of children aged 8–10 years, suggesting that well-organised intense physical education classes can contribute positively to develop musculoskeletal health in young children.Trial registration numberNCT02000492, post results.

Extremely low volume, whole-body aerobic–resistance training improves aerobic fitness and muscular endurance in females

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill McRae ◽  
Alexa Payne ◽  
Jason G.E. Zelt ◽  
Trisha D. Scribbans ◽  
Mary E. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Low Volume

The current study evaluated changes in aerobic fitness and muscular endurance following endurance training and very low volume, whole-body, high-intensity, interval-style aerobic–resistance training. Subjects’ enjoyment and implementation intentions were also examined prior to and following training. Subjects (22 recreationally active females (20.3 ± 1.4 years)) completed 4 weeks of exercise training 4 days per week consisting of either 30 min of endurance treadmill training (~85% maximal heart rate; n = 7) or whole-body aerobic–resistance training involving one set of 8 × 20 s of a single exercise (burpees, jumping jacks, mountain climbers, or squat thrusts) separated by 10 s of rest per session (n = 7). A third group was assigned to a nontraining control group (n = 8). Following training, [Formula: see text]O2peak was increased in both the endurance (~7%) and interval (~8%) groups (p < 0.05), whereas muscle endurance was improved (p < 0.05) in the interval group (leg extensions, +40%; chest presses, +207%; sit-ups, +64%; push-ups, +135%; and back extensions, +75%). Perceived enjoyment of, and intentions to engage in, very low volume, high-intensity, whole-body interval exercise were both increased following training (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed for any variable in the control (nontraining) group. These data demonstrate that although improvements in cardiovascular fitness are induced by both endurance and extremely low volume interval-style training, whole-body aerobic–resistance training imparted addition benefit in the form of improved skeletal muscle endurance.

Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release following intermittent sprint training

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. R152-R160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Ørtenblad ◽  
Per K. Lunde ◽  
Klaus Levin ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Preben K. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Intensity Training

To evaluate the effect of intermittent sprint training on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, nine young men performed a 5 wk high-intensity intermittent bicycle training, and six served as controls. SR function was evaluated from resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, before and after the training period. Intermittent sprint performance (ten 8-s all-out periods alternating with 32-s recovery) was enhanced 12% ( P < 0.01) after training. The 5-wk sprint training induced a significantly higher ( P < 0.05) peak rate of AgNO3-stimulated Ca2+ release from 709 (range 560–877; before) to 774 (596–977) arbitrary units Ca2+ ⋅ g protein− 1 ⋅ min− 1(after). The relative SR density of functional ryanodine receptors (RyR) remained unchanged after training; there was, however, a 48% ( P < 0.05) increase in total number of RyR. No significant differences in Ca2+ uptake rate and Ca2+-ATPase capacity were observed following the training, despite that the relative density of Ca2+-ATPase isoforms SERCA1 and SERCA2 had increased 41% and 55%, respectively ( P < 0.05). These data suggest that high-intensity training induces an enhanced peak SR Ca2+ release, due to an enhanced total volume of SR, whereas SR Ca2+ sequestration function is not altered.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training on the Development and Subsequent Maintenance of Aerobic Fitness in Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Test Level

Purpose:To examine the effect of low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) on the development (part 1) and subsequent maintenance (part 2) of aerobic fitness in soccer players.Methods:In part 1, 23 players from the same semiprofessional team participated in a 2-wk SIT intervention (SIT, n = 14, age 25 ± 4 y, weight 77 ± 8 kg; control, n = 9, age 27 ± 6 y, weight 72 ± 10 kg). The SIT group performed 6 training sessions of 4–6 maximal 30-s sprints, in replacement of regular aerobic training. The control group continued with their regular training. After this 2-wk intervention, the SIT group was allocated to either intervention (n = 7, 1 SIT session/wk as replacement of regular aerobic training) or control (n = 7, regular aerobic training with no SIT sessions) for a 5-wk period (part 2). Pre and post measures were the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRL1) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:In part 1, the 2-week SIT intervention had a small beneficial effect on YYIRL1 (17%; 90% confidence limits ±11%), and VO2max (3.1%; ±5.0%) compared with control. In part 2, 1 SIT session/wk for 5 wk had a small beneficial effect on VO2max (4.2%; ±3.0%), with an unclear effect on YYIRL1 (8%; ±16%).Conclusion:Two weeks of SIT elicits small improvements in soccer players’ high-intensity intermittent-running performance and VO2max, therefore representing a worthwhile replacement of regular aerobic training. The effectiveness of SIT for maintaining SIT-induced improvements in high-intensity intermittent running requires further research.

scholarly journals Reduced training distance and a forage-only diet did not limit race participation in young Standardbred horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ringmark ◽  
L. Roepstorff ◽  
U. Hedenström ◽  
A. Lindholm ◽  
A. Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Median Distance ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
Experimental Training ◽  
Intensity Training

In this study, a survey was used to document the type and amount of training to which 2- to 3-year old Swedish Standardbred horses are generally subjected. Moreover, an experimental study was conducted to examine the ability to achieve conventional performance goals in 16 Standardbred geldings fed a forage-only diet and allocated to either a control training programme (C-group) or a training programme with the high intensity training distance reduced by 30% (R-group) from March as 2-year-olds until December as 3-year-olds. The median distance of high intensity training per week reported by professional trainers was 6,700 m. In experimental horses, planned high intensity training/week was 6,315 and 4,288 m in C-group and R-group, respectively. There was no difference between experimental training groups in ability to race. The proportion of experimental horses that passed a preparation race as 2-year-olds (100%) and qualified for races (94%) was greater (P<0.05) than for the rest of the cohort (77 and 63%), geldings of the same cohort (71 and 45%) and siblings of the experimental horses (84 and 69%). The proportion of horses that raced (56%) was equal to that of the cohort and of siblings (54%), but greater than the proportion of cohort geldings (35%, P<0.05). In experimental horses, total earnings until 7 years of age were correlated to exercise haematocrit as 3-year-olds (r=0.51, P>0.05) and number of races (r=0.55, P>0.05). Race record was correlated to VLa4 as 3-year-olds (r=-0.75, P<0.01). It was concluded that a forage-only diet and shorter distance of high intensity training than commonly used in Standardbred training in Sweden do not appear to restrict ability to qualify for races and race before 4 years of age.

Influence of endurance training on muscle [PCr] kinetics during high-intensity exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R392-R401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Daryl P. Wilkerson ◽  
Nicolas J. Berger ◽  
Jonathan Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

We hypothesized that a period of endurance training would result in a speeding of muscle phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]) kinetics over the fundamental phase of the response and a reduction in the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component during high-intensity exercise. Six male subjects (age 26 ± 5 yr) completed 5 wk of single-legged knee-extension exercise training with the alternate leg serving as a control. Before and after the intervention period, the subjects completed incremental and high-intensity step exercise tests of 6-min duration with both legs separately inside the bore of a whole-body magnetic resonance spectrometer. The time-to-exhaustion during incremental exercise was not changed in the control leg [preintervention group (PRE): 19.4 ± 2.3 min vs. postintervention group (POST): 19.4 ± 1.9 min] but was significantly increased in the trained leg (PRE: 19.6 ± 1.6 min vs. POST: 22.0 ± 2.2 min; P < 0.05). During step exercise, there were no significant changes in the control leg, but end-exercise pH and [PCr] were higher after vs. before training. The time constant for the [PCr] kinetics over the fundamental exponential region of the response was not significantly altered in either the control leg (PRE: 40 ± 13 s vs. POST: 43 ± 10 s) or the trained leg (PRE: 38 ± 8 s vs. POST: 40 ± 12 s). However, the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component was significantly reduced in the trained leg (PRE: 15 ± 7 vs. POST: 7 ± 7% change in [PCr]; P < 0.05) with there being no change in the control leg (PRE: 13 ± 8 vs. POST: 12 ± 10% change in [PCr]). The attenuation of the [PCr] slow component might be mechanistically linked with enhanced exercise tolerance following endurance training.

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