Effect of Six Weeks of Sprint Interval Training on Mood and Perceived Health in Women at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Freese ◽  
Rachelle M. Acitelli ◽  
Nicholas H. Gist ◽  
Kirk J. Cureton ◽  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether 6 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) is associated with changes in mood and perceived health in women at risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Physically inactive women (30–65 years) were randomized to 6 weeks of nutrition meetings and SIT (n = 23; 3 bouts/week of 4–8 30-s cycle sprints with 4-min recovery) or a nonexercise control condition (CON; n = 24). Before and after the 6-week intervention, perceived health status and mood were assessed. Clinically relevant increases in role-physical scores (ES = 0.64) and vitality (ES = 0.52) were found after 6 weeks of SIT compared with a nonexercise control group. For middle-aged women at risk for MetS, it is concluded that high-intensity, low-volume SIT (1) increases feelings of vitality and perceptions of having fewer physical limitations and (2) does not induce mood disturbances as occurs with high-volume, high-intensity training.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training on the Development and Subsequent Maintenance of Aerobic Fitness in Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Test Level

Purpose:To examine the effect of low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) on the development (part 1) and subsequent maintenance (part 2) of aerobic fitness in soccer players.Methods:In part 1, 23 players from the same semiprofessional team participated in a 2-wk SIT intervention (SIT, n = 14, age 25 ± 4 y, weight 77 ± 8 kg; control, n = 9, age 27 ± 6 y, weight 72 ± 10 kg). The SIT group performed 6 training sessions of 4–6 maximal 30-s sprints, in replacement of regular aerobic training. The control group continued with their regular training. After this 2-wk intervention, the SIT group was allocated to either intervention (n = 7, 1 SIT session/wk as replacement of regular aerobic training) or control (n = 7, regular aerobic training with no SIT sessions) for a 5-wk period (part 2). Pre and post measures were the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRL1) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:In part 1, the 2-week SIT intervention had a small beneficial effect on YYIRL1 (17%; 90% confidence limits ±11%), and VO2max (3.1%; ±5.0%) compared with control. In part 2, 1 SIT session/wk for 5 wk had a small beneficial effect on VO2max (4.2%; ±3.0%), with an unclear effect on YYIRL1 (8%; ±16%).Conclusion:Two weeks of SIT elicits small improvements in soccer players’ high-intensity intermittent-running performance and VO2max, therefore representing a worthwhile replacement of regular aerobic training. The effectiveness of SIT for maintaining SIT-induced improvements in high-intensity intermittent running requires further research.

scholarly journals Effect of tapering after a period of high-volume sprint interval training on running performance and muscular adaptations in moderately trained runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Skovgaard ◽  
Nicki Winfield Almquist ◽  
Thue Kvorning ◽  
Peter Møller Christensen ◽  
Jens Bangsbo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trained Runners

The effect of tapering following a period of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT) and a basic volume of aerobic training on performance and muscle adaptations in moderately trained runners was examined. Eleven (8 men, 3 women) runners [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max): 56.8 ± 2.9 ml·min−1·kg−1; mean ± SD] conducted high-volume SIT (HV; 20 SIT sessions; 8–12 × 30 s all-out) for 40 days followed by 18 days of tapering (TAP; 4 SIT sessions; 4 × 30 s all-out). Before and after HV as well as midway through and at the end of TAP, the subjects completed a 10-km running test and a repeated running test at 90% of vV̇o2max to exhaustion (RRT). In addition, a biopsy from the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained at rest. Performance during RRT was better ( P < 0.01) at the end of TAP than before HV (6.8 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 min; means ± SE), and 10-km performance was 2.7% better ( P < 0.05) midway through (40.7 ± 0.7 min) and at the end of (40.7 ± 0.6 min) TAP than after HV (41.8 ± 0.9 min). The expression of muscle Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA)α1, NKAβ1, phospholemman (FXYD1), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA1) increased ( P < 0.05) during HV and remained higher during TAP. In addition, oxygen uptake at 60% of vV̇o2max was lower ( P < 0.05) at the end of TAP than before and after HV. Thus short-duration exercise capacity and running economy were better than before the HV period together with higher expression of muscle proteins related to Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake, while 10-km performance was not significantly improved by the combination of HV and tapering. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-duration performance became better after 18 days of tapering from ~6 wk of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT), whereas 10-km performance was not significantly affected by the combination of high-volume SIT and tapering. Higher expression of muscle NKAα1, NKAβ1, FXYD1, and SERCA1 may reflect faster Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake that could explain the better short-duration performance. These results suggest that the type of competition should determine the duration of tapering to optimize performance.

scholarly journals High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Andreas Wittke ◽  
Michael Bebenek ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
Simon von Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Intensity Training

Time-effective protocols may potentially increase people’s compliance with exercise. The purpose of this paper was to compare the relative effects of 16 weeks of high intensity (resistance) training (HIT) with and without protein supplementation (HIT&P) and HVHIT (high volume/high intensity training) versus a nontraining control group on cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30–50 years old were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: (a) a HIT group; (b) a HIT&P group, and (c) a waiting-control group (phase I) that crossed over to (d) high volume/high intensity training (HVHIT) during the second study phase. HIT was defined as “single set to failure protocol” while HVHIT consistently applied two sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5 g/kg/body mass. Primary study endpoint was the metabolic syndromeZ-Score (MetS-Z-Score). MetS-Z-Score significantly improved in all exercise groups (p≤0.001) with no significant difference between HIT, HIT&P, and HVHIT (p≥0.829). However, all the exercise groups differed significantly from the CG (p<0.001) which deteriorated significantly (p=0.039). In conclusion, all exercise protocols were similarly effective in improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, HIT may be the best choice for people with low time budgets looking to improve their cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Effects of high-intensity training on muscle lactate transporters and postexercise recovery of muscle lactate and hydrogen ions in women

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. R1991-R1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bishop ◽  
Johann Edge ◽  
Claire Thomas ◽  
Jacques Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (3 days/wk for 5 wk), provoking large changes in muscle lactate and pH, on changes in intracellular buffer capacity (βmin vitro), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and the decrease in muscle lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) after exercise in women. Before and after training, biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained at rest and immediately after and 60 s after 45 s of exercise at 190% of maximal O2 uptake. Muscle samples were analyzed for ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), lactate, and H+; MCT1 and MCT4 relative abundance and βmin vitro were also determined in resting muscle only. Training provoked a large decrease in postexercise muscle pH (pH 6.81). After training, there was a significant decrease in βmin vitro (−11%) and no significant change in relative abundance of MCT1 (96 ± 12%) or MCT4 (120 ± 21%). During the 60-s recovery after exercise, training was associated with no change in the decrease in muscle lactate, a significantly smaller decrease in muscle H+, and increased PCr resynthesis. These results suggest that increases in βmin vitro and MCT relative abundance are not linked to the degree of muscle lactate and H+ accumulation during training. Furthermore, training that is very intense may actually lead to decreases in βmin vitro. The smaller postexercise decrease in muscle H+ after training is a further novel finding and suggests that training that results in a decrease in H+ accumulation and an increase in PCr resynthesis can actually reduce the decrease in muscle H+ during the recovery from supramaximal exercise.

scholarly journals Fitness Effects of 10-Month Frequent Low-Volume Ball Game Training or Interval Running for 8–10-Year-Old School Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Nejst Larsen ◽  
Claus Malta Nielsen ◽  
Christina Ørntoft ◽  
Morten Bredsgaard Randers ◽  
Eva Wulff Helge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Volume

We investigated the exercise intensity and fitness effects of frequent school-based low-volume high-intensity training for 10 months in 8–10-year-old children. 239 Danish 3rd-grade school children from four schools were cluster-randomised into a control group (CON,n=116) or two training groups performing either5×12 min/wk small-sided football plus other ball games (SSG,n=62) or interval running (IR,n=61). Whole-body DXA scans, flamingo balance, standing long-jump, 20 m sprint, and Yo-Yo IR1 children’s tests (YYIR1C) were performed before and after the intervention. Mean running velocity was higher (p<0.05) in SSG than in IR (0.88±0.14versus0.63±0.20 m/s), while more time (p<0.05) was spent in the highest player load zone (>2;5.6±3.4versus3.7±3.4%) and highest HR zone (>90%HRmax;12.4±8.9versus8.4±8.0%) in IR compared to SSG. After 10 months, no significant between-group differences were observed for YYIR1C performance and HR after 2 min of YYIR1C (HRsubmax), but median-split analyses showed thatHRsubmaxwas reduced (p<0.05) in both training groups compared to CON for those with the lowest aerobic fitness (SSG versus CON: 3.2%  HRmax[95% CI: 0.8–5.5]; IR versus CON: 2.6%  HRmax[95% CI: 1.1–5.2]). After 10 months, IR had improved (p<0.05) 20 m sprint performance (IR versus CON: 154 ms [95% CI: 61–241]). No between-group differences (p>0.05) were observed for whole-body or leg aBMD, lean mass, postural balance, or jump length. In conclusion, frequent low-volume ball games and interval running can be conducted over a full school year with high intensity rate but has limited positive fitness effects in 8–10-year-old children.

scholarly journals The Effects of Creatine on Blood Pressure Before, and After High Intensity Training

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Schmitz ◽  
Tyler Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

It is known that systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops five to seven mmHg for 22 hours immediately after a workout in individuals the have moderate hypertension, and that in individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP), one can expect to see a drop of four to five mmHg for over the following 22 hours. Creatine (CRE), one of the most recognized supplemental aids to enhance performance of high-intensity exercise, has convincingly substantiated its ergogenic potential (Naderi et al. 2016). However, little has been researched on the connection between creatine and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRE on BP after a bout of high intensity strength training on Division III football players at Gustavus Adolphus College. This study is a one sample research design. Each athlete had their blood pressure measured four total times. One resting BP was taken before the consumption of CRE and the other was taken 18-22 hours after the consumption of creatine. The same was done when each subject participated in the control group as well. The subjects were given the creatine or placebo (control) at random for their first trial and then given the opposite for the second trial one week later. The independent variable was consumption of CRE. The dependent variables were SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The difference in SBP and DBP between the trials were calculated and analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results showed that CRE trial BPs were slightly higher than in control trials although the difference was not significant (p&lt;0.05). The results of the study gave a better understanding of the effects of CRE on BP after a high intensity strength training session.

Amelioration of Decline in Immune Function in Athletes after High-Intensity Training by Bovine Colostrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Zhang Haimin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intensity Training

Long-term high-intensity training can cause a decline in immune function in athletes. In this study, we have explored whether bovine colostrum could improve the immune function in athletes undergoing intensive training. Thirty professional athletes were randomly divided into control group and bovine colostrum group; both groups received one month of intensive training. The control group received usual colostrum-free diet and the bovine colostrum group was fed bovine colostrum-rich milk every day. The venous blood was collected from both groups before and after the treatment period. The results showed that the lymphocyte population increased significantly in the bovine colostrum group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in CD4+ and CD8+ in the two groups (P < 0.05), but the CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the bovine colostrum group were significantly higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences in albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio in the control group (P < 0.05), but not in the bovine colostrum group after training. The bovine colostrum group had lower serum albumin and albumin/globulin (P < 0.05) and higher globulin (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in immunologic indexes before and after training in both groups (P > 0.05). The decline in the markers of immune function after high-intensity training was ameliorated by the intake of bovine colostrum.

Manipulating training intensity and volume in already well-trained rats: effect on skeletal muscle oxidative and glycolytic enzymes and buffering capacity

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Susan A. Marsh ◽  
David G. Jenkins ◽  
Jeff S. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Well-trained endurance athletes undergo periods of high-intensity interval training (HIT) or high-volume training (HVT) to improve exercise performance, but little is known about the mechanistic changes that occur during this time. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of HIT and HVT on the activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), and on intramuscular buffering capacity (βm) in already well-trained rats. At 4 weeks of age, Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED; n = 18) and exercise training groups (n = 38). Following a 10 week preliminary training program, trained rats were divided randomly into 3 further groups that completed 4 additional weeks of continued endurance (CON, n = 14), high-intensity training (HIT, n = 12), or high-volume training (HVT, n = 12). Soleus (SOL), red and white gastrocnemius (RG and WG), and red and white vastus (RV and WV) muscles were removed 24–48 h after a final run-to-fatigue performance test (30 m·min–1; 25% grade) to determine the activities of CS, PFK, and βm. No differences in run time to exhaustion were found between the groups. However the HIT group possessed CS and PFK activities and βm in WV muscle that were 60%, 24%, and 10% higher, respectively (all p < 0.05), compared with the HVT group; differences were not found between the HIT and CON groups. Although no differences in run performance were found, HIT compared with HVT in already well-trained rats resulted in significantly higher oxidative and glycolytic capacities of fast-contracting fibres. No differences were shown in fast-contracting muscle between HIT and CON.

scholarly journals Effects of concurrent eccentric overload and high-intensity interval training on team sports players’ performance

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Manuel Carretero ◽  
Adrian Pineda ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Overload Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Eccentric Overload ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of an in-season five weeks of high-intensity training (HIT) with a concurrent HIT eccentric overload training (CT) program on male amateur team-sports players’ fitness performance. Twenty-two athletes were randomly assigned to HIT (n=10) or CT (n=12). Both groups completed a HIT program. The CT group also completed two-three sets of six repetitions of eccentric overload training. Before and after training, performance was assessed for change of direction ability (COD), repeated sprint ability for best time (RSAb), mean time (RSAm) and slowest time (RSAs), jumping, and shuttle-run performance. Within-group analyses in both groups showed substantial better scores on COD, RSAb and RSAm and shuttle-run performance. Between-group analyses showed greater improvements in COD, RSAb, RSAm, RSAs, and jumping after additional CT compared to solely HIT. In conclusion, compared to HIT alone, concurrent eccentric overload and HIT training within the same session improved COD, RSA, jump, and shuttle-run performance in basketball and soccers amateur players.

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