scholarly journals Opioid Addiction: Social Problems Associated and Implications of Both Current and Possible Future Treatments, including Polymeric Therapeutics for Giving Up the Habit of Opioid Consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cristina Benéitez ◽  
M. Esther Gil-Alegre

Background. Detoxification programmes seek to implement the most secure and compassionate ways of withdrawing from opiates so that the inevitable withdrawal symptoms and other complications are minimized. Once detoxification has been achieved, the next stage is to enable the patient to overcome his or her drug addiction by ensuring consumption is permanently and completely abandoned, only after which can the subject be regarded as fully recovered. Methods. A systematic search on the common databases of relevant papers published until 2016 inclusive. Results and Conclusion. Our study of the available oral treatments for opioid dependence has revealed that no current treatment can actually claim to be fully effective. These treatments require daily oral administration and, consequently, regular visits to dispensaries, which in most cases results in a lack of patient compliance, which causes fluctuations in drug plasma levels. We then reviewed alternative treatments in the available scientific literature on polymeric sustained release formulations. Research has been done not only on release systems for detoxification but also on release systems for giving up the habit of taking opioids. These efforts have obtained the recent authorization of polymeric systems for use in patients that could help them to reduce their craving for drugs.

Author(s):  
Б.В. Кунавин

ктуальность предпринятого исследования обусловлена обострившимся в последнее время интересом к проблемам филологической регионалистики, предметом исследования которой является язык регионов, характеризующийся своеобразной территориальной окраской. Между тем, в существующей научной литературе такие понятия, как региолект, регионализм не получили однозначного толкования и четко не отграничены от смежных понятий. Не выясненным остается вопрос об отношении региональных вариантов языка к общеязыковой норме, не определено отношение региолекта к литературному языку, не выявлен состав региолекта. Много спорных вопросов связано с регионализмами, представляющими собой локальные заимствования и функционирующими в ткани художественного произведения. И в этом смысле актуальность данной статьи представляется очевидной. Целью статьи является исследование функций общекавказских и осетинских регионализмов в романе А. Цаликова «Брат на брата». Основными методами исследования являются описательный, стилистический и когнитивный. Научная новизна работы заключается в уточнении понятий региолекта, регионализма, в раскрытии функций регионально маркированных единиц в романе Цаликова «Брат на брата», в постижении творческой индивидуальности автора, в описании структуры повествования в романе и раскрытии способов репрезентации в нем локальных заимствований. Основными результатами работы являются следующие. Выявлена важнейшая функция регионализмов в романе, используемая для романтизации патриархальной осетинской жизни в ее противопоставлении цивилизации, нивелирующей многие национальные явления, разрушающей народные нравственные основы. Именно эта функция осетинских регионализмов является основополагающей в романе, ибо они наиболее адекватно передают содержание когнитивной структуры и способствуют воссозданию национальной картины мира; кроме того выделены тематические группы указанного разряда региональной лексики в тексте произведения; рассмотрены способы их включения в ткань романа; проанализировано их взаимодействие с другими элементами текста. Сделан вывод о том, что помимо передачи колорита осетинской жизни, транслирования традиционной осетинской культуры, анализируемые регионализмы служат передаче эмоционального состояния героев, особенно главного героя, страстно протестующего против негативных сторон цивилизации и романтизирующего патриархальный уклад жизни.  The recently intensified interest in the problems of philological regionalism, the subject of which is the language of the regions, characterized by a kind of territorial coloring, accounts for the relevance of the present study. Meanwhile, in the existing scientific literature, such concepts as regionalect, regionalism, have not received clear interpretation and are not clearly separated from related concepts. The question of the relation of the regional options language to the common language norm is not defined, nor the ratio of regiolect to the literary language, the composition of regiolect has not been identified. Many controversial issues are related to regionalism, which is a local borrowing and is functioning in the fabric of the work of art. In this sense, the relevance of this article is obvious. The aim of the article is to study the functions of the Caucasian and Ossetian regionalisms in A. Tsalikov’s novel «Brother Against Brother». The main research methods are descriptive, stylistic and cognitive. The scientific novelty of the work is to clarify the concepts of regionalect, regionalism, to reveal the functions of regionally marked units in the novel by A. Tsalikov «Brother Against Brother», in the comprehension of the creative individuality of the author, in the description of the structure of the narrative in the novel and the disclosure of ways of representation of local borrowings in it. The main results of the work are the following: the most important function of regionalisms in the novel, used for the romanticization of the Patriarchal Ossetian life in its opposition to civilization, leveling many national phenomena, destroying the people’s moral foundations, is revealed. It is this function of Ossetian regionalisms that is fundamental in the novel, because they most adequately convey the contents of the cognitive structure and contribute to the reconstruction of the national picture of the world; in addition, the thematic groups of this category of regional vocabulary are highlighted in  the text of the work; the ways of their inclusion in the fabric of the novel are considered; their interaction with other elements of the text is analyzed. It is concluded that in addition to the transfer of the color of Ossetian life, broadcasting traditional Ossetian culture, the analyzed regionalisms serve to convey the emotional state of the characters, especially the main character, passionately protesting against the negative aspects of civilization and romanticizing the patriarchal way of life.


2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.


Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1194
Author(s):  
A.A. Akhmetzyanov ◽  
A.Yu. Sokolov

Subject. The article focuses on the advanced time-driven tools for allocating overhead expenses, which are based on process-based budgeting. Objectives. We articulate a technique for cost allocation so as to assess the cost of each process with reference to the common time driver. Methods. The study relies upon methods of systematization, classification, analogy and comparison, and summarizes the scientific literature on the subject. Results. The article presents our own suggestions on implementing TD-ABC and TD-ABB into the strategic management accounting process of developer companies. The principles were proved to help more effectively allocate overhead expenses and assess the capacity load of each process performed by functions, departments and employees. Carrying out a comparative analysis, we found certain reserves for utilizing resources more effectively. Conclusions and Relevance. The findings are of scientific and practical significance and can be used by developer and construction businesses. The conclusions can prove helpful for scientific papers, student books, and further research.


2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Zines

This article originally was published as a Law and Policy Paper. The Law and Policy Papers series was established in 1994 by the Centre for International and Public Law in the Faculty of Law, the Australian National University. The series publishes papers contributing to understanding and discussion on matters relating to law and public policy, especially those that are the subject of contemporary debate. In 1999 the papers were published jointly by the Centre for International and Public Law and The Federation Press. This article is reproduced in the Federal Law Review with the permission of the original publishers.


Author(s):  
Justine Pila

This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.


Author(s):  
Ana Paula Nogueira Godoi ◽  
Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes ◽  
Leilismara Sousa Nogueira ◽  
Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim ◽  
Melina de Barros Pinheiro

Abstract Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period. Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2. Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission. Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Julia V. Furtado ◽  
António C. Moreira ◽  
Jorge Mota

Gender affirmative action (AA) in management remains a controversial topic among scholars, practitioners, and employees. While some individuals may support the use of AA policies as a means of increasing representation of women, others are not supportive at all, further understanding gender AA as an unacceptable violation of merit—even when targeted by it. With the aim of analyzing how scholars have approached the subject, we systematically reviewed 76 published articles (SCOPUS database), covering the extant literature on gender AA and management. Findings indicate a consensus regarding the common antecedents of attitudes towards gender AA with prior experiences with AA and diversity management (DM) (as well as general perceptions of AA). Performance and satisfaction appear as the predominant outcomes. In addition, while investigating the differences among AA, equal employment opportunity (EEO) and diversity management (DM), scholars are mainly focused on the effectiveness of AA as a means of increasing the inclusion of minorities in general. We conclude that despite marginal studies on employees’ attitudes toward gender AA, there is a gap in the literature, particularly an absence of research on the bivalent position of meritocracy (or merit violation) as both an antecedent and outcome of attitudes towards AA, which deserves further scrutiny.


1973 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Helen Sawyer Hogg

The title of this talk is really just a different phrasing from one I have used at several IAU meetings on the subject of numbers and kinds of variables in globular clusters. To furnish this material, I have finished the Third Catalogue of Variables in Globular Clusters. Since many of you are coming to this Colloquium with new information, the Catalogue is in draft form with a request that corrections and additions be given me by October 2, after which the draft will go to the printer.The First Catalogue of Variables in Globular Clusters was published at this observatory in 1939 and the Second Catalogue in 1955. In 1966 appeared the excellent Catalogue of Variables South of Declination—29° by Fourcade, Laborde and Albarracin, with splendid large prints of identification charts.


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