scholarly journals Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and Distribution of Pathogens in Dairy Farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu Districts, Rwanda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mpatswenumugabo ◽  
L. C. Bebora ◽  
G. C. Gitao ◽  
V. A. Mobegi ◽  
B. Iraguha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
California Mastitis Test

A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2016 to January 2017 in Rubavu and Nyabihu districts, Western Rwanda, aiming at estimating the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and identifying its causative bacteria. Management practices and milking procedures were recorded through a questionnaire. 123 crossbreed milking cows from 13 dairy farms were randomly selected and screened for SCM using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Composite CMT positive milk samples were processed for bacterial isolation and identification. The overall SCM prevalence at cow level was 50.4%. 68 bacterial isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics. They included, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (51.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.6%), Streptococcus species (10.3%), Bacillus species (10.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (5.8%), and Escherichia coli (1.5%). About 67.1% of the farmers checked for mastitis; of these, 58.9% relied on clinical signs and only 6.8% screened with CMT. Only 5.5% and 2.7% of the farmers tried to control mastitis using dry cow therapy and teat dips, respectively. Thus, to reduce the prevalence of SCM, farmers in the study area need to be trained on good milking practices, including regular use of teat dips, application of dry cow therapy, and SCM screening. This will improve their sales and their financial status.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in northern regions of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIA Begum ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk

A cross sectional study was carried out from June, 2008 to December, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine the responsible bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy goats in northern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 292 goats and 584 udder halves milk samples were screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was 56.2% (164/292), and in udder half level it was 33.9% (198/584). The subclinical mastitis prevalence at goat level was high (71.6%) in Jamnapari goats as compared to Black Bengal goats (50.2%), whereas at the udder half level, subclinical mastitis prevalence was 45.1% and 29.6% in Jamnapari and Black Bengal goats, respectively. The pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were coagulase negative Staphylococci, Coliforms, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Among these, the most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococci (28.8%), Coliforms (22.7%) and Streptococcus spp (15.2%). Out of four potential host related risk factors considered, litter size and body condition of goats were found to influence the prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in goat significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the subclinical mastitis was very significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the housing system of goats, i.e., goats reared in raised floor had a low subclinical mastitis infection rate (35.8%) as compared to reared in earth floor (62.2%). Antibiogram studies were also performed for the bacterial isolates and Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 112-122, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Weldemelak Girmay ◽  
Getachew Gugsa ◽  
Habtamu Taddele ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye ◽  
Nesibu Awol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates pose a severe challenge to both veterinary and health professions and dairy cattle producers. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015 to isolate and identify S. aureus from mastitic cows’ milk and estimate the occurrence of MRSA in the dairy farms of Shire. Physical examination and California mastitis test were performed on a total of 220 dairy cows. Bacteriological isolation and identification and antibiogram testing were performed. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of mec A and fem A genes. Out of the 220 dairy cows, 64 (29.09%) were positive for bovine mastitis, and of these, 32.81% were coagulase-positive S. aureus (CoPS). Antibiogram test results showed 100% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin, and 33.33% of the CoPS showed resistance to oxacillin (phenotypically MRSA positive). But 38.09% of the CoPS were found to be resistant and susceptible to vancomycin. PCR amplification of the seven phenotypically MRSA isolates revealed that 42.9% and 71.4% of them were found to carry fem A and mec A genes, respectively. The current study revealed the existence of alarming level of CoPS and development of multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Assessment of sub-clinical mastitis and its associated risk factors in dairy livestock of Lamjung, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Khanal ◽  
A Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

INTRODUCTION: Mastitis is one among the top three threats faced by dairy farmers. The study was carried out to assess sub-clinical mastitis, management practices and associated risk factors for mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Chandreshwor and Archalbot VDCs of Lamjung district taking 63 dairy livestock randomly each from a herd along with questionnaire survey to respective owner. Tem ml of milk sample from each quarter was taken in a sterilized syringe for further laboratory investigation. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed at farmer’s shed. Organisms were identified based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: On CMT, subclinical mastitis was 46.1% (n=29) and 30.15% (n=76) on animal and quarter basis respectively, however, culture showed, 28.6% and 24.2%. Streptococcal mastitis was the commonest (11.1%) followed by coliform (9.5%) and staphylococcal (7.9%). Mastitis was highest in left fore quarter (34.92%) followed by left hind (31.76%), right hind (28.57%) and right fore (25.39%). Coliform & Staphylococcal mastitis was highest in left fore and right hind quarter respectively. Most of dairy animals (86%) were on zero grazing, 30% (n=19) of the farmers had forage trees and only 29% (n=18) had known about subclinical mastitis. The average milk production was 3.5 ±1.47 liters. Subclinical mastitis was associated significantly (p<0.01) with livestock yielding more than 3 lt per lactation. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy livestock at Lamjung due to poor management, unhygienic shed, and little knowledge on subclinical mastitis.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):49-54  

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

scholarly journals THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSING MASTITIS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Zigo ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Lakticová ◽  
Mária Vargová M
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Acute Form

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia. Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season. Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated.  Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin. Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Charles M. Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.

scholarly journals Incidence and Associated Risk Actors of Heifer Mastitis in Dairy Farms at Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bisrat M
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Examinations

A longitudinal study was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014 in Mekelle town, Northern Ethiopia, to assess the incidence of heifer mastitis, to isolate and identify the causative pathogens and their susceptibility to different antimicrobials and also identify risk factors associated with occurrence of heifer mastitis. Twenty - five heifers were included from 4 d airy farms and 11 cooperative small holder’s dairy farms during the study period. Total of 100 quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations of udder and milk and California mastitis Test (CMT), respectively. T he incidence of mastitis per gland at risk was 64 % and the spontaneous cure rate of infected quarters was 33 %. Incidence of heifers’ intra - mammary infections (IMI) in the study area was highest at calving (28%). Infection per quarter revealed that 49% we re mastitis positive of which 8.2% of their quarters were clinical and 45/49 (91.8%) quarters were sub clinical type of mastitis. The incidence rate per quarters were statistically significant (p <0.05) and higher in rear quarters than front quarters. The univariate logistic regression showed that among potential risk factors considered from the farm attributes, breed, age, practice of milking mastitic cow last, housing nature, hand wash before and in between milking and udder hygiene had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) (54.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.8%) , were the predominant bacteria. Relatively most of the isolates are susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and V ancomycin but resistant to Penicillin. The study also revealed that S.aureus, E.coli and S.agalactiae were highly incident at calving. It is concluded that prevalence of CNS, lack of hygienic practice and infestation of ticks should give serious attention.Intramammary treatment of prepartum heifer with appropriate antimicrobials may help to reduce the incidence of mastitis at calving and subsequent lactation period.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of main mastitis pathogens in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Castañeda Vázquez ◽  
S. Jäger ◽  
W. Wolter ◽  
M. Zschöck ◽  
M.A. Castañeda Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Clinical Cases

The present work is a large epidemiological study aiming to detect the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to investigate the major udder pathogens in Jalisco State, western Mexico. For this purpose, 2205 dairy cows, representing 33 Mexican dairy herds, were involved. Of 2205 cows, 752 mastitic animals were diagnosed and only 2,979 milk samples could be obtained for further investigation. All 2979 milk samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) to differentiate clinical cases from subclinical ones where 1996 samples (67 %) reacted positively. Of these, 1087 samples (54.5%) came from cows suffering from clinical cases of mastitis. Bacteriological identification of the causative agents revealed the presence of a major group of pathogens including the Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), S.aureus, S.agalactiae, Corynebacterium spp. and Coliform bacteria which were detected in 464 (15.6%), 175 (5.9%), 200 (6.8%), 417 (14%) and 123 (4.1%) of the 2927 investigated quarters, 295 (15.4%), 118 (15.7%), 111 (14.8%), 227 (30.2%) and 109 (14.5%) of the 752 examined cows and in 33 (100%), 22 (66.7%), 19 (57.6%), 30 (90.1%) and 27 (81.8%) of the 33 herds involved, respectively. Other pathogens could be detected in the investigated milk samples such as S. dysgalactiae (0.4%), S.uberis (0.37%), Bacillus spp. (1%), Nocardia spp. (0.6%) und Candida spp. (0.1%). Meanwhile, others were present in a negligible ratio; including the Aerococcus viridans, and Enterococcus spp., Lactococcus lactis, S. bovis.

scholarly journals Major Causes of Calf Morbidity and Mortality in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Shashemene Town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdela Edao ◽  
Abdurahman Meribo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Floor Condition ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms and associated potential risk factors in Shashemene. A total of 187 calves from 46 farms were included in the present study. The overall crude morbidity and crude mortality rates were 27.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence rate of 28(15%) followed by pneumonia 8(4.3%), Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder 8(4.3%) and septicemia 5(2.7%). In addition skin lesion, navel ill and unidentified cases were encountered. The main causes of death were diarrhea 6(3.2%), Septicemia 2(1.1%), GIT disorder 2(1.1%), pneumonia 1(0.5%) and others 1(0.5%). The most important risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality were housing hygiene, floor condition and calf size in farm. Out of 187 calves examined for GIT parasites; 63(33.3%) were positive for nematode eggs. Prevalence of helminthes parasite increased with increasing age, showing higher prevalence (P<0.05) in calves above 2 months than in calves below 2 months of age. Besides, majority of the calves, 48(25.7%) were found positive for coccidian oocyst. In general; diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia were the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Interms of risk factors housing hygiene, floor condition, calf size in the farms, age and breed were identified major role players. Therefore, identifying major causes and improving management practices and breed should be given to emphasis by advisory of smallholder dairy farms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predisposing factors of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Bakir, Sukomulyo Village, Batu Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Mira Fatmawati ◽  
◽  
Ani Setianingrum ◽  
Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito ◽  
Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Before And After

Udder inflammation in dairy cows known as mastitis is still a major problem in dairy industry. Economic loss caused by mastitis burden on farmers due to decrease on milk yield and decrease on the milk quality. Most of traditional farmers recognize clinical mastitis as the symptoms was obvious, while subclinical mastitis were not easy to detect and can be potential source of infection for the herd. Detection on subclinical mastitis were using indirect test california mastitis test (CMT) and direct test with Somatic Cell Count (SCC). This research was a cross sectional study using udder quarters milk sample from traditional dairy farms in Bakir, Sukomulyo village, Batu regency. Field test conduct uding CMT and SCC counting in laboratorium. Data collection using Questionnaire were conduct to asses predisposing variables on farmers. Result shows prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on SCC was 60,22% and based on CMT 18,20% of quarter sampels. Predisposing factors that have effect on mastitis were the sanitation of the cow and the farm before and after the milking process.

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