First Report of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors ofNeospora caninumInfection in Tibetan Sheep in China

Neospora caninumis an intracellular protozoan parasite which can cause abortion and stillbirth in ruminants. However, there is no information on Tibetan sheepN. caninuminfection in China. A total of 2187 serum samples were collected from Tibetan sheep in the major production areas of Luqu, Maqu, and Tianzhu in Gansu province, and Nyingchi in southeast Tibet, China. All samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies toN. caninumusing a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunoassay. Of the 2187 serum samples, 184 (8.4%, 95% CI 7.3-9.6) were testedN. caninumseropositive. TheN. caninumseroprevalence ranged from 4.4% (95% CI 1.4–7.4) to 11.3% (95% CI 8.2–14.4) among different regions, seasons, ages, and pregnancies, and there was no statistical significance among those groups (P> 0.05). Seroprevalence in male (10.8% 69/638) (95% CI 8.4–13.2) was significantly higher than in female (7.4% 115/1549) (OR =1.51, 95% CI 6.1–8.7) (P< 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report ofN. caninumseroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in China, which provides baseline data for the prevention and control ofN. caninuminfection in Tibetan sheep.

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Evidence of Neospora caninum exposure among native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7824-vetmed ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 637-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

BY Jung ◽

SH Lee ◽

D. Kwak

Keyword(s):

Neospora Caninum ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

One Year ◽

And Control

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in ruminants, including goats. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse 464 serum samples for the presence of N. caninum antibodies. Four samples (0.9%, 95% confidence intervals – CI: 0.0–1.7) were found to be positive for N. caninum antibodies. The seroprevalence was analysed according to age (less than to one year, young; more than or equal one year, adult; and unknown), sampling season (April to September, warm; October to March, cold), and region (northern, central, and southern). However, there were no statistically significant differences in seroprevalence according to age, season, and region (P > 0.05). This is the first report on the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats. The results of this study indicate a nationwide distribution of N. caninum among goats, with a relatively low prevalence. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control strategies as well as measures for prevention and control of N. caninum infection among goats is recommended.

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Evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti–Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720916711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 401-408

Author(s):

María B. Novoa ◽

Beatriz S. Valentini ◽

Macarena Sarli ◽

Susana M. Torioni-de-Echaide ◽

María E. Primo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Inhibition Elisa ◽

Scale Detection

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and important economic losses in cattle worldwide. There are no treatments or vaccines available; disease control is based on diagnosis and herd management strategies. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1), expressed in Escherichia coli, and the RafNeo5 monoclonal antibody (ciELISAtSAG1). A criterion based on the 3-y sequential serologic analysis of 230 dairy cows by IFAT was used as the gold standard. The assay was validated using 860 serum samples from cows that were consistently positive or negative by IFAT throughout the study period. ciELISAtSAG1 was then used to evaluate the prevalence of neosporosis in 16 beef cow herds (22 samples per herd, 352 total samples). The results were compared with those from IFAT and a commercial cELISA (cELISAVMRD). The ciELISAtSAG1 cutoff was ≥ 29%I, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.7% (95% CI = 96.8–99.7%) and a diagnostic specificity of 97.9% (95% CI = 96.4–99.0%). Concordance among IFAT, cELISAVMRD, and ciELISAtSAG1 was 90.3%. The agreement (κ) between ciELISAtSAG1 and the other 2 tests was ≥ 0.81. The overall prevalence of neosporosis in the 16 beef herds was 30% (range: 5–60%). The ciELISAtSAG1 could be useful for large-scale detection of anti– N. caninum antibodies in cattle and seroepidemiologic investigations, given its appropriate sensitivity and specificity, and the simplicity of production.

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Seroprevalence of major infectious causes of dairy cattle reproductive problems in central Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1153341/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Equar Messele ◽

Gebrerufael Girmay ◽

Bezina Arega Emeru ◽

Shelema Kelbesa Bora ◽

Workitu Firomsa Gudeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Q Fever ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Control Program ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

History Of ◽

Combined Infection ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Reproductive problem is one of the main constraints of livestock genetic improvement efforts in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of major infectious causes of reproductive problems of dairy cattle in selected dairy farms in central Ethiopia. Overall 86 serum samples were collected from October 2018 to February 2019 from animals with history of reproductive problems. The collected serum was tested for antibody titer against Brucella species, Neospora caninum, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Q-fever using rose-bengal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Result Among the animals with the history of reproductive disordered; abortion, still birth and repeat breeding cases were found in 61.6%, 19.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of IBR, BVD, Neospora caninum and Coxiella brunetti was found to be 79.1%, 38.4%, 3.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The combined infection of both BVD and IBR were detected in 21% of animals. Out of the total animals examined in this study, 95.9% of Jersey breeds were found seropositive to IBR than Boran-Friesian crosses (57.7%). The incidence of BVD was significantly higher in Boran-Friesian crossbred cattle than in Jersey which was found to be 69.3% and 14.3, respectively. The prevalence of IBR and BVD was directly proportional with age of the animal and parity. Conclusion Vaccination against IBR and BVD is not practiced in Ethiopia, the rising level of those diseases in dairy sector needs regular surveillance and control program.

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Serum oncoproteins in asbestosis patients

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1844 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 1844-1847 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R Partanen ◽

H Koskinen ◽

P Oksa ◽

K Hemminki ◽

W Carney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

P53 Protein ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mutant P53 ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

And Control

Abstract Using ELISAs, we determined the concentrations of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), the extracellular domain of the erbB-2 receptor (erbB-2 ECD), and mutant p53 protein in stored serum samples of asbestosis patients with and without cancer and control subjects (without asbestosis or cancer). The percentage of individuals in these three groups with increased serum concentrations of TGF-alpha, erbB-2 ECD, and mutant p53, respectively, were: asbestosis patients with cancer, 36%, 16%, 19%; asbestosis patients without cancer, 38%, 19%, 6%; control subjects, 0%, 5%, 10%. Although differences in serum positivity for these oncoproteins were apparent among these groups, the differences did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). In several of the cancer cases, increased concentrations of TGF-alpha, erbB-2 ECD, and mutant p53 were also detected in the stored serum samples collected years before the clinical diagnosis of disease.

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Endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum – how the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182009990588 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 136 (14) ◽

pp. 1895-1900 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

D. J. L. WILLIAMS ◽

C. S. HARTLEY ◽

C. BJÖRKMAN ◽

A. J. TREES

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

And Control

SUMMARYVertical transmission of the protozoan parasite, Neospora caninum is highly efficient and can take two forms – endogenous transplacental transmission resulting from activation of the quiescent bradyzoite stage during pregnancy or exogenous transplacental transmission resulting from ingestion of oocysts during pregnancy. Calves born carrying infection derived from either endogenous or exogenous transplacental transmission are capable of infecting their offspring when they start to breed. This review considers firstly the frequency with which exogenous and endogenous transmission occur, secondly the role of the immune response in controlling N. caninum infection and thirdly how the parasite persists in an immune-competent host and is re-activated during pregnancy.

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Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis and Neospora caninum

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00031-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 323-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 573

Author(s):

J. P. Dubey ◽

G. Schares ◽

L. M. Ortega-Mora

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

New Genus ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Human Tissues ◽

New Genus And Species ◽

Serious Disease ◽

And Control

SUMMARY Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.

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Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120201088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽

Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽

Gisele Glomba Silva ◽

Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽

Rute Witter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Present Survey ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

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A study of Neospora caninum antibody seroprevalence ın dairy cows in Turkey

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.22950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 2018

Author(s):

S. KASAP ◽

S. ERTUNC ◽

E. M. TEMIZEL ◽

S. SENTURK

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Total Sample ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Marmara Region ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Caninum Antibody ◽

Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Neospora caninum is a intracellular protozoan parasite and is one of the major causes of repeated abortions, foetal malformations, pre-term deliveries, stillbirth and possible loss of milk yield in livestock. The presence of specific antibodies against N. caninum in the blood serum of dairy cows is investigated in the present study. A total of 184 blood serum samples of dairy cows were examined in Bursa province in the Marmara Region. N. caninum antibodies were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (The Svanovir Neospora-Ab ELISA). From the total sample, antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 62 of the 184 examined cows (33.3%) and neurological findings were seen in a calf.

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First Report of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Yaks (Bos mutus) in China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9170167 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jian-Gang Ma ◽

Wen-Bin Zheng ◽

Dong-Hui Zhou ◽

Si-Yuan Qin ◽

Ming-Yang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Northwest China ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Serum Samples ◽

First Report ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Bovine Leukosis ◽

Positive Results

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic lymphosarcoma disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). No information is available concerning the epidemiology of BLV infection in yaks (Bos mutus). One thousand five hundred and eighty-four serum samples from 610 black yaks and 974 white yaks from Gansu province, northwest China, were collected between April 2013 and March 2014 and tested for BLV antibodies using a commercially available ELISA kit. The overall BLV seroprevalence in yaks was 21.09% (334/1584), with 24.26% (148/610) black yaks and 19.10% (186/974) white yaks yielding positive results. Risk factor analysis indicated that with the exception of breed (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06–1.73,P<0.05), the age, region, gender, farm, and the numbers of pregnancies were not considered as risk factors for the presence of BLV in yaks included in this study. This is the first report of BLV infection in yaks in China, which provides information for controlling BLV infection in yaks.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in goats in the Czech Republic

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5850-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Bartova ◽

K. Sedlak

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

The Czech Republic

Toxoplasma gondii is zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes infections in many vertebrate species. The present study determined the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in goats from the Czech Republic. Serum samples were collected from 251 healthy adult goats in the Czech Republic during the years 2006 to 2009. Sera samples were tested for serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with cut off equal to or higher than 50% S/P. The same samples were tested for serum antibodies to Neospora caninum by a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with cut off equal to or higher than 30% inhibition; positive sera were confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test with cut-off titre equal to or higher than 40. Sera positive in both tests were marked as positive. In total, 166 (66%) and 15 (6%) goat sera reacted positively for T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies, respectively. All sera positive for N. caninum antibodies were simultaneously positive for T. gondii antibodies. This is the first detection of N. caninum antibodies in goats in the Czech Republic. Our findings indicate that goats in the Czech Republic are frequently exposed to T. gondii, but less frequently to N. caninum.  

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