scholarly journals Evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti–Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
María B. Novoa ◽  
Beatriz S. Valentini ◽  
Macarena Sarli ◽  
Susana M. Torioni-de-Echaide ◽  
María E. Primo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Inhibition Elisa ◽  
Scale Detection

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and important economic losses in cattle worldwide. There are no treatments or vaccines available; disease control is based on diagnosis and herd management strategies. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1), expressed in Escherichia coli, and the RafNeo5 monoclonal antibody (ciELISAtSAG1). A criterion based on the 3-y sequential serologic analysis of 230 dairy cows by IFAT was used as the gold standard. The assay was validated using 860 serum samples from cows that were consistently positive or negative by IFAT throughout the study period. ciELISAtSAG1 was then used to evaluate the prevalence of neosporosis in 16 beef cow herds (22 samples per herd, 352 total samples). The results were compared with those from IFAT and a commercial cELISA (cELISAVMRD). The ciELISAtSAG1 cutoff was ≥ 29%I, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.7% (95% CI = 96.8–99.7%) and a diagnostic specificity of 97.9% (95% CI = 96.4–99.0%). Concordance among IFAT, cELISAVMRD, and ciELISAtSAG1 was 90.3%. The agreement (κ) between ciELISAtSAG1 and the other 2 tests was ≥ 0.81. The overall prevalence of neosporosis in the 16 beef herds was 30% (range: 5–60%). The ciELISAtSAG1 could be useful for large-scale detection of anti– N. caninum antibodies in cattle and seroepidemiologic investigations, given its appropriate sensitivity and specificity, and the simplicity of production.

scholarly journals First Report of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors ofNeospora caninumInfection in Tibetan Sheep in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan-Bi Nie ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Yang Zou ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhou ◽  
Qin-Li Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
And Control

Neospora caninumis an intracellular protozoan parasite which can cause abortion and stillbirth in ruminants. However, there is no information on Tibetan sheepN. caninuminfection in China. A total of 2187 serum samples were collected from Tibetan sheep in the major production areas of Luqu, Maqu, and Tianzhu in Gansu province, and Nyingchi in southeast Tibet, China. All samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies toN. caninumusing a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunoassay. Of the 2187 serum samples, 184 (8.4%, 95% CI 7.3-9.6) were testedN. caninumseropositive. TheN. caninumseroprevalence ranged from 4.4% (95% CI 1.4–7.4) to 11.3% (95% CI 8.2–14.4) among different regions, seasons, ages, and pregnancies, and there was no statistical significance among those groups (P> 0.05). Seroprevalence in male (10.8% 69/638) (95% CI 8.4–13.2) was significantly higher than in female (7.4% 115/1549) (OR =1.51, 95% CI 6.1–8.7) (P< 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report ofN. caninumseroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in China, which provides baseline data for the prevention and control ofN. caninuminfection in Tibetan sheep.

scholarly journals Evidence of Neospora caninum exposure among native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
BY Jung ◽  
SH Lee ◽  
D. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in ruminants, including goats. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse 464 serum samples for the presence of N. caninum antibodies. Four samples (0.9%, 95% confidence intervals &ndash; CI: 0.0&ndash;1.7) were found to be positive for N. caninum antibodies. The seroprevalence was analysed according to age (less than to one year, young; more than or equal one year, adult; and unknown), sampling season (April to September, warm; October to March, cold), and region (northern, central, and southern). However, there were no statistically significant differences in seroprevalence according to age, season, and region (P &gt; 0.05). This is the first report on the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats. The results of this study indicate a nationwide distribution of N. caninum among goats, with a relatively low prevalence. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control strategies as well as measures for prevention and control of N. caninum infection among goats is recommended.

Validation and field evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep and goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 109201
Author(s):  
María Belén Novoa ◽  
Nerina Patricia Aguirre ◽  
Nadia Ormaechea ◽  
Sebastián Palmero ◽  
Lisandro Rouzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Inhibition Elisa

scholarly journals Sheep Brucellosis in Kuwait: A Large-Scale Serosurvey, Identification of Brucella Species and Zoonotic Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Al-Sherida ◽  
Adel H. El-Gohary ◽  
Amro Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
Gamal Wareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combined Action

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease of major concern in humans of Kuwait, and B. melitensis causes most human cases. The disease is endemic in small ruminants, cattle, and camels for decades, causing substantial economic losses in livestock production. However, a nationwide large-scale investigation of brucellosis in the small ruminant population has not been done in the past two decades. A serosurvey of sheep brucellosis in the five districts of Kuwait with most animal production farms was done between 2016 and 2019. In total, 67,054 serum samples from 233 sheep herds were collected and tested. Additionally, milk and tissue samples were collected from 46 seropositive cases for bacteriology. Thirty persons from seven seropositive farms were tested by serology. The incidence of seropositive cases was 7% in districts devoid of vaccination, while it was 4.7% in farms with history of vaccination. The serosurvey revealed that 89% of non-vaccinated herds (n = 181) were seropositive by Rose Bengal test (RBT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Prevalence of 100% was reported for non-vaccinated sheep herds from Al-Wafrah and Al-Jahra districts, followed by those from Al-Salmi (88.24%), Al-Abdali (86.7%) and Kabd (75.6%). Implementation of vaccination with B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine and test-and-slaughters in 20 herds reduced the seroprevalence to 33.3% and 25% in herds from Al-Jahra and AL-Wafrah, respectively. B. melitensis was isolated from 20 samples (43.5%). More than half of the examined animal owners (56.6%) tested positive for Brucella using RBT, BAPAT and CFT. The high numbers of infected herds and high prevalence in herdsmen are alarming. Thus, control measures have to be ensured immediately. The epidemiological situation in Kuwait is similar to those of the neighboring countries and the combined action of these states is needed. The understanding of the economic and public health impact of brucellosis in Kuwait needs to grow.

scholarly journals A study of Neospora caninum antibody seroprevalence ın dairy cows in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
S. KASAP ◽  
S. ERTUNC ◽  
E. M. TEMIZEL ◽  
S. SENTURK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Antibody ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Neospora caninum is a intracellular protozoan parasite and is one of the major causes of repeated abortions, foetal malformations, pre-term deliveries, stillbirth and possible loss of milk yield in livestock. The presence of specific antibodies against N. caninum in the blood serum of dairy cows is investigated in the present study. A total of 184 blood serum samples of dairy cows were examined in Bursa province in the Marmara Region. N. caninum antibodies were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (The Svanovir Neospora-Ab ELISA). From the total sample, antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 62 of the 184 examined cows (33.3%) and neurological findings were seen in a calf.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum: soroepidemiologia de vacas e cães de propriedades leiteiras de Cunha, São Paulo, Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3123
Author(s):  
Sintia Barboza Bastos ◽  
Thais Agostinho Martins ◽  
Ana Sue Sammi ◽  
Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples

Neosporosis, a parasitic disease prevalent worldwide, is caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, an obligatory intracellular parasite that can cause abortions and infertility in females, resulting in high economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against N. caninum in dairy cattle, and the occurrence of antibodies in dogs from farms in the municipality of Cunha, São Paulo, Brazil. Additionally, eighteen months after the primary study, an analysis to determine the incidence, seroconversion, and occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was conducted in cows. Sampling was carried out in two phases: during the first one, 400 dairy cattle and 50 dog blood samples from 40 farms were collected. During the second phase, blood samples were collected from 119 cows belonging to 16 farms visited 18 months before. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) with titers ? 100 for cattle and ? 50 for dogs considered as positives. The occurrence of antibodies against N. caninum was 15.0% (60/400) and 14.0% (7/50) for cattle and dogs, respectively. After 18 months, the observed incidence of antibodies was 7.4% (4/54), the conversion detected was 71.4% (seropositive to seronegative) and 7.4% (seronegative to seropositive animals), and the observed occurrence was 7.56% (9/119). The calculated odds ratio (OR) was significant (p < 0.05) for abortions, presence of dogs, and parturition stalls. However, protection factors were identified in 2- to 4-year-old dairy cattle and in the number of lactating cows ? 10 animals. Thus, the presence of antibodies against N. caninum in the studied suggested both vertical and horizontal transmission are occurring in cattle.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor 3–TRIF Pathway Activation by Neospora caninum RNA Enhances Infection Control in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Miranda ◽  
Flávia Batista Ferreira França ◽  
Mylla Spirandelli da Costa ◽  
Vanessa Resende Souza Silva ◽  
Caroline Martins Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Th1 Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii and has been studied for causing neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. It is recognized as one of the main transmissible causes of reproductive failure in cattle and consequent economic losses to the sector. In that sense, this study aimed to evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)–TRIF-dependent resistance against N. caninum infection in mice. We observed that TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice presented higher parasite burdens, increased inflammatory lesions, and reduced production of interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and nitric oxide (NO). Unlike those of T. gondii, N. caninum tachyzoites and RNA recruited TLR3 to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and translocated interferon response factor 3 (IRF3) to the nucleus. We also observed that N. caninum upregulated the expression of TRIF in murine macrophages, which in turn upregulated IFN-α and IFN-β in the presence of the parasite. Furthermore, TRIF−/− infected macrophages produced lower levels of IL-12p40, while exogenous IFN-α replacement was able to completely restore the production of this key cytokine. Our results show that the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway enhances resistance against N. caninum infection in mice, since it improves Th1 immune responses that result in controlled parasitism and reduced tissue inflammation, which are hallmarks of the disease.

A Report on Massive Outbreaks of FMD with Concurrent Mannhaemia hemolytica Infection among Cattle in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Manimaran ◽  
S. Hemalatha ◽  
A. Ramesh ◽  
S. Jaisree ◽  
K. Kumanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Serotype O

Back ground: India has a huge resource of livestock and stands first globally in milk production, but reemergence of diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes a great concern and economic losses to the farmers. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia 1) are prevalent and serotype O was responsible for 80 per cent of confirmed outbreaks /cases in India. The highest incidence of the disease was seen in Southern region (31.5%) and during the month of September. Highest number of outbreaks (201) occurred in Tamil Nadu in the year 2007-08 caused by serotype O virus. FMD causes very high morbidity and mortality rate among young animals and the mortality rate is generally low in adult animals and seen with manifestation of infection limited to epithelial sites. However, In the present study an unusually high mortality among adult cattle due to FMD, complicated with Mannheimia hemolytica infection with specific myocardial lesions were discussed in several outbreaks of FMD in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Outbreaks of FMD occurred in various districts of Tamil Nadu during the period of October to December in the year 2013 causing large scale mortality among adult cross bred (Jersey cross and Holstein Friesian cross) cows, heifers and calves and detailed disease investigations were carried out .Samples were collected from ailing animals and dead animals for laboratory confirmation of the disease. The collected samples were subjected to isolation of bacteria, serology and molecular confirmation of the virus. Result:Affected animals showed characteristic lesions of FMD with multiple, focal to coalescing ulcers and erosions covered with shreds of epithelium and fibrin on the dorsum and lateral margins of the tongue, dental pad, hard palate, mucosa of lips and gums. Samples of vesicular fluid, oral and tongue epithelium and heart confirmed the presence of FMD type ‘O’ virus based on sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR. Cultural examination of bacteriological samples revealed presence of Mannheimia hemolytica which was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Out of 83 serum sample collected, 45 sera were positive for FMD by LPB ELISA, while 32 serum samples were positive for FMD by DIVA test. The sudden deaths among adult cattle and heifers during the FMD outbreak might be attributed to the severe myocarditis and the disease was controlled by following appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

scholarly journals An assessment of the use of drug and non-drug interventions in the treatment ofIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. PICÓN-CAMACHO ◽  
M. MARCOS-LOPEZ ◽  
J. E. BRON ◽  
A. P. SHINN
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Drug Interventions

SUMMARYInfection by the ciliate protozoanIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876 causes significant economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Following the ban on the use of malachite green for treating food fish, there has been extensive research aimed at identifying suitable replacements. In this paper we critically assess drug and non-drug interventions, which have been tested for use or have been employed against this parasite and evaluate possibilities for their application in farm systems. Current treatments include the administration of formaldehyde, sodium chloride (salt), copper sulphate and potassium permanganate. However, purportedly more environmentally friendly drugs such as humic acid, potassium ferrate (VI), bronopol and the peracetic acid-based products have recently been tested and represent promising alternatives. Further investigation, is required to optimize the treatments and to establish precise protocols in order to minimize the quantity of drug employed whilst ensuring the most efficacious performance. At the same time, there needs to be a greater emphasis placed on the non-drug aspects of management strategies, including the use of non-chemical interventions focusing on the removal of free-swimming stages and tomocysts ofI. multifiliisfrom farm culture systems. Use of such strategies provides the hope of more environmentally friendly alternatives for the control ofI. multifiliisinfections.

scholarly journals TLR3-TRIF pathway activation by Neospora caninum RNA enhances infection control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Miranda ◽  
Flávia Batista Ferreira França ◽  
Mylla Spirandelli da Costa ◽  
Vanessa Resende Souza Silva ◽  
Caroline Martins Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th1 Immune Responses

AbstractNeospora caninum is a protozoan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii and has been studied for causing neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. It is recognized as the major cause of economic losses in bovine products. In that sense, this study aimed to evaluate the role of TLR3-TRIF dependent resistance against N. caninum infection. We observed that TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice presented higher parasite burden, increased inflammatory lesions and reduced production of IL-12p40, TNF, IFN-γ, and NO. Differently from T. gondii, N. caninum tachyzoites and its RNA recruited TLR3 and IRF3 to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). We observed that N. caninum upregulated the expression of TRIF in macrophages, which by its turn upregulated IFN-α and IFN-β in the presence of the parasite. Furthermore, TRIF−/− infected macrophages produced lower levels of IL-12p40 and IFN-α replacement was able to completely restore the production of this key cytokine. Our results have shown that TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway enhances resistance against N. caninum infection, since it improves Th1 immune responses that control parasitism and tissue inflammation, which are hallmarks of the disease.

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