Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Pelargonium peltatum (Geranium) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Objective. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the methanolic extract of Pelargonium peltatum (geranium) against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). Methods. Three extracts of P. peltatum were prepared using the leaf, stem, and root. Nine independent assays were prepared for each type of extract with chlorhexidine at 0.12% as the positive control. The agar diffusion method was performed to determine the antibacterial properties of each extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed by means of the MTT reduction test using a MDCK cell line. Results. The root extract had the highest antibacterial effect with a mean result of (27.68 ± 0.97) mm and (30.80 ± 0.55) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the leaf and root extracts was 250 mg/mL for S. mutans and 125 mg/mL for S. sanguinis. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both extracts had a low cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The cellular viability was highest for the root extract at 95.3% followed by the stem extract at 80.8% and finally the leaf extract with 75.4%. Conclusions. These findings show the antibacterial properties of the methanolic extracts of P. pelargonium against S. mutans and S. sanguinis. These extracts were not cytotoxic at high concentrations.

Download Full-text

Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Aquades Buah Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varietas Ajwa terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains ◽

10.29313/jiks.v2i2.5769 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lu'lu Ulul Albab ◽

Usep Abdullah Husin ◽

Buti Azfiani Azhali ◽

Titik Respati ◽

Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera L

Penemuan antimikrob menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam pengobatan dan kemajuan medis. Tantangan dalam pengobatan menggunakan antibiotik adalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik yang digunakan. Salah satu bakteri yang mengalami resistensi adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Oleh karena itu, diteliti alternatif pengobatan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan yang berpotensi memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Buah kurma varietas Ajwa telah diteliti memiliki beberapa senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Kurma Ajwa juga telah disebutkan di dalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadits. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak akuades buah kurma Ajwa dengan melihat luas zona hambat serta konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) pada Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental secara in vitro dan bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi dengan menggunakan sumuran dan metode dilusi padat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. Didapatkan rerata hasil zona hambat adalah 5,87 mm yang termasuk kategori sedang, KHM pada konsentrasi 50%, dan KBM belum dapat ditemukan. Berdasar atas uji statistik, hasil penelitian uji difusi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak akuades buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varietas Ajwa berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EXTRACT AQUADES AJWA DATE (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN VITROThe discovery of antimicrobials has been significantly important for current treatments and the future developments in the medical field. One of the challenges faced in the usage of antibiotics is the resistance imposed by the bacteria towards the antibiotics itself. An example of such bacteria that experiences thisresistance is Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, studies regarding alternatives of treatments, specifically those utilizing various plants that may potentially have antibacterial properties are conducted. Previous studies have already shown that date palms of the Ajwa variety, known as Phoenix dactylifera, contains several active compounds that are potential antioxidants and exhibit antibacterial properties. The Ajwa date palm has also been mentioned in several scriptures of the Al-Quran and Al-Hadits. The objective of this study was to understand the antibacterial properties of aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera through the measurement of the area of the zone of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Staphylococcus aureus. This study involves the use of an experimental method, known as in vitro, and is also a descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach. The methodology used consists of the well diffusion method and the solid dilution method. This study was conducted at Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. The results of this study show an average zone of inhibition of 5.87 mm which is categorized as medium, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50%, and a minimum bactericidal concentration that is yet to be found. Based on statistical tests, the result of the diffusion method shows that the aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera is influential in inhibiting the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Download Full-text

In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/9545693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Awol Mekonnen ◽

Berhanu Yitayew ◽

Alemnesh Tesema ◽

Solomon Taddese

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Preparation ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

Download Full-text

The Inhibitory Effect of Clindamycin onLactobacillus in vitro

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744901000394 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alla Aroutcheva ◽

Jose A. Simoes ◽

Susan Shott ◽

Sebastian Faro

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacteriostatic Effect ◽

The Mean ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Effect On Growth

Objective:To evaluate thein vitroeffect of varying concentrations of clindamycin onLactobacillusspp.Methods: Concentrations of clindamycin ranging from 1.95–20 000 mg/ml were studied for their effect on the growth of six strains ofLactobacillus.Results:Clindamycin concentrations between 1.95–31.25 mg/ml had no statistically significant effect on growth of lactobacilli (p> 0.05). Concentrations 125 and 250 mg/ml had a bacteriostatic effect. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for studiedLactobacillusstrains was determined as 1000 mg/ml.Conclusion:High concentrations of clindamycin achieved in the vagina by intravaginal application might be inhibitory forLactobacillus.

Download Full-text

Sensitivity of L. casei and E. сoli to active substances of anti-parasitic preparations

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8713 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (87) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

R.A. Peleno

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

E Coli ◽

Active Substances

The data of the influence of active substances of anthelmintic and antiprotozoal preparations on the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 are provided in the article. Their minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for these strains of microorganisms and the active substances with which possible simultaneous application of probiotic strain L. casei IMB В-7280 is established. With this aim, the effect on the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 and the minimum inhibitory concentration of fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin, which are part of the anthelmintic preparations and amprolium, tylosin, sodium sulfadimexone and sodium sulfatyazole, which are active substances of antiprotozoal drugs, were investigated. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the active substances of antiparasitic agents against these strains of microorganisms was carried out in in vitro experiments by serial dilutions in a dense MRS environment and MPA, and a study of the effect on the growth by diffusion method, followed by measurement of growth retardation zones in millimeters. It is established that among active substances of anthelmintic preparations only phenbendazole caused growth retardation and only relative to L. casei IMB B-7280. Among the active substances of antiprotozoal drugs, sodium sulfatyazole was the most active, which inhibited growth as L. casei IMB-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41. Thylosin was effective only in relation to L. casei IMB B-7280 and at the highest concentration of 0.03%, the growth retardation zone was 23.4 ± 0.92 mm. Sodium sulfadimetoxin caused the growth retardation of L. сasei IMB В-7280 only at the highest concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration of active substances of anti-parasitic drugs was different for strains L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/4. The strongest inhibitory effect was shown by tylosin, which stopped the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41 respectively at concentrations of 0.00125 and 50.0 mg/ml. Active substances such as amprolium, levamisole and ivermectin did not significantly inhibit the growth of L. casei, IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41, since their minimal inhibitory concentration was in the range of 4000 to 6000 mg ml.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Activity Of Tangerine Powder (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) Against Caries-Causing Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans)

FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.33751/jf.v10i2.2198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 148-157

Author(s):

Framesti Frisma Sriarumtias ◽

Aji Najihudin ◽

Nopi Rantika ◽

Rita Nengsih

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Caries Treatment ◽

Inhibitory Power

Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans, which lives in the oral cavity and causes plaque on the teeth. Dental caries treatment involves restoration or filling of tooth tissue that has been perforated due to dental caries. The purpose of this study was analyze the effectivity of tangerine juice powder in preventing the emergence of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The experimental method was used in this study started by making a powder from tangerine jiuce using freeze drying method, followed by testing the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also sought by measuring the diameter of the clear zone. The results showed that tangerine powder has antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10%. The highest activity of tangerine powder to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria was observed at concentration of 25% with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.8 mm, and is classified as having moderate inhibitory power. According to the result of this study is that tangerine juice powder has a good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and can be developed into a pharmaceutical ingredients to prevent dental caries.

Download Full-text

An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1528 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 278-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sushma S Nayak ◽

Sharda C Metgud ◽

Uday Kumar Bolmal

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Aim Many weapons are available in the arsenal of a dental professional to combat dental caries, which is almost ubiquitously present. From a public health perspective, most of these weapons are far from being an ideal drug. Hence, there is a demand for better and effective antibacterial agents. This factor stimulated the process of the present study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula were procured and powdered. Physical tests were done to estimate purity of the fruit powder. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by tube dilution method and confirmed by agar dilution method. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract on sucrose induced adhesion, glucan-induced aggregation and on glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans was also assessed. Preservative, gelling agent and sweetener were added in suitable quantities to the ethanol extract, and mouthrinse was formulated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation was also determined. Results Yield was better in case of aqueous extract. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 2.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 10%. Hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (2.5%) inhibited sucrose induced adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Conclusion The mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity and could be used as an effective anticaries agent. Clinical Significance Terminalia chebula mouthrinse can be effectively used in clinical practice as an anticaries mouthrinse with additional benefit being that it is safe and economical. How to cite this article Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK. An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):278-282.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1422 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 131-135

Author(s):

Ritika Malhotra ◽

ND Shashikiran

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Agar Plate ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate and compare antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available child's dental formulas in reduced concentrations containing different forms of fluoride against Streptococcus mutans activity. Materials and methods The selected dentifrices were prepared in dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 using sterile pyrogen-free distilled water. Various dilutions of the selected toothpaste slurries were incubated in the agar plate containing pure strains of S. mutans, and antimicrobial activity of each was assessed by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm). Agar well plate diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were the methods used in this study. The inhibitory circle of each dentifrice was measured and MIC was achieved by considering the value of diameter of the circle. Results The results of the study showed that even at a lower concentration of fluoride, inhibition halos were obtained for all the formulations at different dilutions. Conclusion The kid's formulations having lower fluoride concentration show antimicrobial activity even after dilutions. Thus, commercially, the fluoride concentrations can be further lowered down in the dentifrices, thereby reducing the risk associated with fluoride. How to cite this article Malhotra R, Singla S, Shashikiran ND. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):131-135.

Download Full-text

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Biological Properties of Some 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Against Streptococcus mutans and Their Interaction With Gbp-C by Molecular Docking

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2021.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 142-147

Author(s):

Behin Omidi ◽

Yasin SarveAhrabi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

In Silico ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Biological Properties ◽

High Concentrations

Background: The need to replace new drug structures for the treatment of resistant strains has become essential. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important factors in causing tooth decay. Glucan binding protein-C (Gbp-C) is a crucial mobileular floor protein that is worried in biofilm formation, and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles are new antibacterial structures. Accordingly, this study focused on assessing in vitro and in silico activity of our previously synthesized compounds of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole against S. mutans. Methods: To this end, our previously synthesized derivatives were re-synthesized and prepared, and then antibacterial susceptibility tests were used for inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test values. The molecular docking method was also applied to confirm the effect of compounds in interaction with the Gbp-C of S. mutans. Results: All compounds showed different effects against the bacterial sample. Among these, the most effective ones were related to naphthalene (4d), fluorophenyl (4e), and dimethoxyphenyl (4h) derivatives against S. mutans, respectively. Other compounds also had antibacterial properties but to a lesser extent. In the molecular part, compounds 4d and 4h had the highest affinity to inhibit the GbpC-protein. compound 4d with amino acids ASP and GLN established 402 and 391 hydrogen bonds, respectively, and compound 4h with amino acids SER, GLU, THR, and TRP established 347, 360, 449, and 451 hydrogen bonds, respectively. Conclusions: In general, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles containing naphthalene and dimethoxy phenyl functional groups in high concentrations can be good alternatives to the existing drugs for eliminating caries-causing tooth mutants that have drug resistance. It seems that more inhibitory effects can be observed on clinical specimens by adding different purposeful groups and increasing the destructive power of oxadiazole-based compounds.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Properties of Local Malaysian Trigona Sp. Honey Towards Different of Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro

Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.52951/dasj.21130101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Fawzia Jassim Shalsh ◽

Ahmed Mohammed Khalaf ◽

Mohammed Hafiz ◽

Imad Ibrahim Ali

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Test

Honey is one of the oldest natural medicines known with a very high therapeutic value. Nowadays, in the medical field, several important therapeutic effects of honey have been elucidated. This study was conducted to reveal the antimicrobial activity of the commercially available local Malaysian Trigona sp. honey towards different pathogenic bacteria specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the disc-diffusion test and agar well diffusion test. Different concentration of the honey was tested in the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion test. The results of these tests were in terms of Inhibition zone diameter. The results obtained from the current study are the dilution of different concentration of honey from Trigona sp. are very significant because the only net concentration of both of honey Trigon a sp. possessed antimicrobial properties in term of Minimum inhibitory concentration) and Minimum bactericidal concentration. The result also can say that Trigona sp. honey possessed antibacterial properties and can be used as alternative medicine in the veterinary field in the future.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK CATHECHIN TEH PUTIH TERHADAP STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.4.2.108-113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Muhamad Zakki

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Test Material ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

White Tea ◽

Bacterial Plaque

Background: Streptococcus sanguinis is known as an early agent of formation of bacterial plaque. White tea is one of plant with various biological activities that are beneficial to human health.Objective: to examine the antibacterial activity of white tea cathechin extract against bacteria S. sanguinis.Methods: test material was white tea cathechin extract. In vitro tests were conducted to obtain minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).Result: The MIC of White tea cathechin extract was 500ppm (0,5 mg/ml) and MBC was 2000ppm (2mg/ml).Conclusion: White tea cathechin extract has antibacterial properties. White tea cathechin extract can be used as herbal moutwash to control dental plaque.

Download Full-text