Waist Circumference Coupled with Either HDL-C or TG Can Be Used as a Diagnostic Marker for Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Although quite a few polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients suffering from metabolic syndrome (MS) have been reported in previous studies, no reliable and early diagnostic biomarkers for MS in PCOS patients have yet been identified. To identify early and reliable diagnostic biomarkers for MS in Chinese women with PCOS, a total of 401 patients (200 PCOS patients and 201 controls) were enrolled in our present study. All of the subjects were examined for anthropometric (weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.) and biochemical (fasting glucose, serum lipid indices, total testosterone, etc.) parameters. Our results showed that the prevalence of MS in the PCOS patients (20.50%) was 6.8-fold higher (P<0.05) than that in the controls (2.99%). Nearly 71.0% of the PCOS patients had at least one component of MS, of which dyslipidemia was the most prevalent. Furthermore, within the PCOS group, the prevalence of MS increased with increasing age and body mass index (BMI). Logistic analysis indicated that BMI, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, and fasting glucose were significantly associated with the presence of MS in PCOS patients. Analysis of the ability of the potential diagnostic biomarkers to indicate MS in PCOS patients showed that the PPV, NPV, specificity, sensitivity, and Youden’s index for waist circumference (WC) coupled with HDL-C were 59.68%, 97.10%, 84.28%, 90.24%, and 74.52, respectively, and those for WC coupled with TG were 93.33%, 92.35%, 98.74%, 68.29%, and 67.03%, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for WC coupled with HDL-C and for WC coupled with TG were 0.882 and 0.901, respectively. Our present study demonstrates that WC coupled with either HDL-C or TG can be used as a relatively early and reliable diagnostic biomarker for MS in Chinese PCOS patients.

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Insulin resistance in relation to clinical, endocrine and metabolic profile of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v14i1.50989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shakeela Ishrat ◽

Marufa Hossain ◽

Subrata Kumar Biswas

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Significant Difference

The objective of this study is to explore how hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance relate to the clinical, endocrine and metabolic factors in the infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study was conducted on 121 consecutive infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending the Infertility unit from January 2017 to December 2017. They were divided into two groups: insulin resistant and insulin sensitive. There was significant difference in body mass index and waist circumference between the two groups. Serum lipids were not associated with insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Reducing body mass index and waist circumference may improve insulin resistance in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Screening the infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and subsequent counseling is recommended to address the long-term risks of metabolic syndrome.

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Obesity in relation to clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the South Asian perspective

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v20i4.54146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 864-870

Author(s):

Shakeela Ishrat ◽

Marufa Hossain

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

South Asian ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

The South ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Infertile Women

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of reproductive age women and it is a common cause of infertility in young women. Most of the infertile women with PCOS are overweight or obese. Obesity or excess fat aggravates the endocrine and metabolic dysfunction in women with PCOS. Weight management is the first line measure advised to infertile PCOS women who are overweight or obese. The objective of the study was to explore the association of obesity with the clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 126 consecutive infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending the Infertility unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017.Obesity groups were defined by BMI thresholds specific for the South Asian population. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.58±3.18 kg/m2and mean waist circumference was 91.07±9.5 cm. There was highly significant association of obesity with waist circumference and fasting insulin. BMI at or above 25kg/m2 was significantly associated with acanthosis nigricans, hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, whereas BMI at or more than 23kg/m2 was significantly associated, in addition, with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Obesity is associated with hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.864-870

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High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in First-Degree Male Relatives of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Related to High Rates of Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2009-1333 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (11) ◽

pp. 4361-4366 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Andrea D. Coviello ◽

Susan Sam ◽

Richard S. Legro ◽

Andrea Dunaif

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

General Population ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Nhanes Iii ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Male Population ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence

Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have twice the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to women from the general population. Mothers and sisters of affected women also have an increased prevalence of MetS. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MetS in fathers and brothers of women with PCOS compared to men from the general population. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study at academic medical centers. Participants: A total of 211 fathers and 58 brothers of women with PCOS were studied and compared to 1153 and 582 Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) men of similar age and race/ethnicity, respectively. Main Outcome Measure: We measured MetS prevalence. Results: The prevalence of MetS was increased in fathers (42 vs. 32%; P = 0.006) and brothers (22 vs. 9%; P = 0.001) compared to NHANES III men. Fathers and brothers had higher body mass index (BMI) than NHANES III men (P < 0.0001). MetS rates were similar in fathers and brothers compared to NHANES III groups after adjusting for BMI. Total testosterone was inversely related to MetS in both fathers and brothers, but this relationship was also accounted for by the higher BMI in male relatives. Conclusion: Male relatives of women with PCOS had increased prevalence rates of MetS and obesity compared to the general U.S. male population from NHANES III. In contrast to women with PCOS and their female relatives, the higher prevalence of MetS in male relatives was accounted for by elevated BMI. These findings suggest that the high rates of MetS in male relatives of women with PCOS are related to higher rates of obesity than the general population. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in first degree male relatives of women affected by PCOS compared to similar men in the NHANES III population is attributable to higher rates of obesity than the general population.

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Evaluation of Novel Obesity and Lipid-Related Indices as Indicators for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and Premetabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/7172388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Qianqian Yin ◽

Jianhua Zheng ◽

Yijuan Cao ◽

Xiaonan Yan ◽

Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Youden Index ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Discriminative Performance ◽

Low Prevalence

Objectives. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, previous studies in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) reported a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the same population predisposed to developing pre-MS. Early identification and treatment of individuals with MS and pre-MS are imperative to prevent their adverse consequences. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was not accurate in detecting pathoglycemia in women with PCOS as they have shown characteristically postprandial abnormalities in the carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to compare the discriminative performance of various indices for identifying MS and pre-MS/MS (pre-MS and MS) using the updated Chinese Diabetes Society (uCDS) criteria in Chinese women with PCOS. Methods. 1083 Chinese women with PCOS were included in this study. We measured and evaluated 8 indices in all individuals. Based on the uCDS criteria for MS, patients who had no less than two components of MS but did not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of MS were considered as having pre-MS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under ROC curves (AUCs) levels were used to assess the accuracy of each index in detecting MS and pre-MS/MS. Results. Among the 8 indices assessed, the lipid accumulation product (LAP) provided the highest AUCs for detecting MS and pre-MS/MS, followed by CVAI, WTI, VAI, TyG, TG/HDL, WC, and BMI. The optimal cutoff points determined for LAP were 45.13 (sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 88.4%, and Youden index 0.764) for MS and 28.01 (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 80.7%, and Youden index 0.681) for pre-MS/MS, respectively. Conclusions. uCDS criteria are reasonably more suitable for detecting MS and pre-MS in Chinese women with PCOS. Based on this criterion, LAP is the best index for the diagnosis of MS and pre-MS/MS in Chinese women with PCOS, out of the 8 obesity and lipid-related indices assessed.

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Optimal Waist Circumference for Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Korean Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2009.297 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 593-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jee-Young Oh ◽

Yeon-Ah Sung ◽

Hye Jin Lee ◽

Ji Young Oh ◽

Hye Won Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Korean Women ◽

Ovary Syndrome

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Low prevalence of the metabolic syndrome but high occurrence of various metabolic disorders in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0298 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 411-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Ren-min Ni ◽

Yaqin Mo ◽

Xiaoli Chen ◽

Junmin Zhong ◽

Wen Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

High Occurrence ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Prevalence

ObjectiveVariations in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in different races were reported. We sought to report this prevalence and its components in Chinese women with PCOS and compared these characteristics with healthy controls.DesignAnthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were evaluated in 578 PCOS patients diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and 281 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS were used.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 16.8% in this study, and 60.7% of patients displayed at least one component of MetS. Among the patients, the rates of dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated blood pressure were 41.6, 19.8, and 16.1% respectively; the rates of these corresponding components in age- and BMI-matched controls were 14.6, 5.3, and 5.7% respectively. In PCOS patients, the prevalence of MetS was 0.0, 3.9, 20.2, and 51.1% for four different BMI groups respectively; the prevalence of MetS was 7.3, 14.9, 24.2, and 42.4% in the four age groups respectively. Nearly 90% of patients diagnosed with MetS belonged to overweight and obese groups. BMI and age rather than free testosterone, free androgen index, fasting insulin, or sex hormone-binding globulin were included in formulation for predicting MetS according to multivariable logistic regression.ConclusionsLow prevalence of MetS but high occurrence of various metabolic disorders was found in women with PCOS compared with age- and BMI-matched controls in this study. BMI and age appeared to contribute more to developing MetS than other parameters associated with insulin resistance or hyperandrogenism.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in four phenotypes of PCOS and its relationship with androgenic components among Iranian women: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v13i4.6888 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Narges Zaeemzadeh ◽

Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh ◽

Saeideh Ziaei ◽

Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽

Azadeh Mottaghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and MetS. Objective: This study was designed to compare the prevalence of MetS among different phenotypes of PCOS and its relationship with androgenic components. Materials and Methods: 182 participants eligible for this five-group comparative study were selected by convenience sampling method. They were classified according to the Rotterdam criteria: clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (H) + PCOS on ultrasound (P) + ovulation disorders (O) (n = 41), clinical and/or biochemical H + PCOS on P (n = 33), PCOS on P + O (n = 40), clinical and/or biochemical H + O (n = 37), and control (without PCOS) (n = 31). MetS was measured based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Androgenic components included free androgen- index (FAI), total-testosterone (TT) level and sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG). Results: A significant difference was observed between the study groups in terms of MetS prevalence (p = 0.01). In phenotype H+P+O, there was a statistically significant positive association between TG and TT, and a significant negative association between SBP and DBP with SHBG. In phenotype O+P, WC was inversely associated with SHBG. In phenotype H+O, FBS and TG were positively associated with FAI but HDL was inversely associated with FAI. Moreover, WC and DBP were positively associated with TT in phenotype H+O. No associations were detected between MetS parameters and androgenic components in other PCOS subjects (phenotype H+P) and in the control group. TT was significantly higher in the PCOS group suffering from MetS (p = 0.04). Conclusion: According to the research results, hyperandrogenic components are potent predictors of metabolic disorders. Thus, we suggest that MetS screening is required for the prevention of MetS and its related complications in PCOS women. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Metabolic syndrome, Hyperandrogenism.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2004-1045 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 1929-1935 ◽

Cited By ~ 536

Author(s):

Teimuraz Apridonidze ◽

Paulina A. Essah ◽

Maria J. Iuorno ◽

John E. Nestler

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

General Population ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Acanthosis Nigricans ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance also plays a role in the metabolic syndrome (MBS). We hypothesized that the MBS is prevalent in PCOS and that women with both conditions would present with more hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle irregularity than women with PCOS only. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all women with PCOS seen over a 3-yr period at an endocrinology clinic. Of the 161 PCOS cases reviewed, 106 met the inclusion criteria. The women were divided into two groups: 1) women with PCOS and the MBS (n = 46); and 2) women with PCOS lacking the MBS (n = 60). Prevalence of the MBS was 43%, nearly 2-fold higher than that reported for age-matched women in the general population. Women with PCOS had persistently higher prevalence rates of the MBS than women in the general population, regardless of matched age and body mass index ranges. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in women with PCOS and the MBS. Women with PCOS and the MBS had significantly higher levels of serum free testosterone (P = 0.002) and lower levels of serum SHBG (P = 0.001) than women with PCOS without the MBS. No differences in total testosterone were observed between the groups. We conclude that the MBS and its components are common in women with PCOS, placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS and the MBS differ from their counterparts lacking the MBS in terms of increased hyperandrogenemia, lower serum SHBG, and higher prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, all features that may reflect more severe insulin resistance.

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The FSHR Polymorphisms Association With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Erbil, Kurdistan in North of Iraq

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1799 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aesha Sh. Sh. Baban ◽

Sabah H. Korsheed ◽

Anas Y. Al Hayawi

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Serum Hormone ◽

Pcos Group

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women during fertilization age that reflects changing clinical symptoms. The genetic concept of PCOS is unclear and no significant genetic association with PCOS has been established. The level of Follicle stimulating hormone FSH is encoded by FSH receptor (FSHR) and abnormal FSHR affects follicle cogenesis and ovary and consist of 9 introns, 10 exons, and the region of chromosome promoter at 2p21. Sample of 93PCOS patients and 52 controls were collected from Province of Erbil in north of Iraq. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood and genotype dissected was improved for the two population of study using PCR-RFLP with the restriction enzyme Eam1105I. The genotype distributions and allele frequency of Ala307Thr polymorphisms of FSHR were not statistically various between the controls and the PCOS patients. Significant elevation of body mass index with all genotype of PCOS was found when compared with controls. There were statistical differences in the BMI and most of the serum hormone and lipid profile parameters including LH, total testosterone, fasting glucose, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL, there were significant various in FSH and LH levels of hormones and HDL, LDL and VLDL with PCOS group conveying different genotypes of Ala307Thr polymorphisms. The variant of Ala307Thr was not associated with PCOS in Kurdistan women; there was no relationship between the POCS and gene of FSHR polymorphism at codons 307. There was a significant difference in FSH and LH levels with PCOS patients conveying different genotypes of Ala307Thr polymorphism.

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Sexual Function in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Correlation with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1007/s43032-021-00612-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuanxuan Tian ◽

Xiangyan Ruan ◽

Juan Du ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Dongmei Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Biochemical Characteristics

AbstractTo investigate sexual function in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the correlation with clinical and biochemical characteristics. A cross-sectional study was designed in 1000 PCOS women, aged 18–45 years, via the Chinese version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) evaluating sexual function, with additional questions possibly related to sexual life. Clinical and biochemical characteristics likely to affect sexual function were determined, including anthropometric indicators, serum levels of hormones, luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (LH/FSH ratio), prolactin (PRL), total testosterone (TT), free androgen index (FAI), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glucose, and lipid metabolism indicators. Nine hundred ten PCOS women participated in the study, 685 patients were included after screening, and 211 were suitable to detect correlations of clinical and biochemical characteristics with sex function parameters. The mean total FSFI score was 24.19 ± 2.8; 79.56% of the women were at risk of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Women doing regular aerobic exercise and use of contraception had higher FSFI scores, while those with a desire to conceive and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism had lower FSFI scores. There were negative associations of FSFI scores with age and body fat distribution. No significant associations between FSFI scores and hormonal factors (surprisingly including SHBG) were found, except for total testosterone and satisfaction (OR = 0.976, p = 0.002). HOMA-IR was significantly related to reduced desire score (OR = 0.914, p = 0.004) and lubrication score (OR = 0.964, p = 0.044). PCOS was associated with a high risk of FSD (defined according to FSFI) in about 80% of the women in our study, and clinical characteristics play a more important role.

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