scholarly journals Fecal Galectin-3: A New Promising Biomarker for Severity and Progression of Colorectal Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Jovanovic ◽  
Nevena Gajovic ◽  
Natasa Zdravkovic ◽  
Marina Jovanovic ◽  
Milena Jurisevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Nuclear Grade ◽  
Blood Vessel Invasion ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Valuable Marker ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine systemic and fecal values of galectin-3 and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with CRC and the relationship with clinicopathological aspects. Methods. Concentrations of galectin-3, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-1β were analyzed in samples of blood and stool of 60 patients with CRC. Results. Systemic concentration of TNF-α was significantly lower in patients with severe diseases (advanced TNM stage, nuclear grade, and poor histological differentiation) as in patients with more progressive CRC (lymph and blood vessel invasion, presence of metastasis). Fecal values of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 were increased in patients with severe stadium of CRC. Fecal concentration of Gal-3 was enhanced in CRC patients with higher nuclear grade, poor tumor tissue differentiation, advanced TNM stage, and metastatic disease. Gal-3/TNF-α ratio in sera and feces had a higher trend in patients with severe and advanced diseases. Positive correlation between fecal Gal-3 and disease severity, tumor progression, and biomarkers AFP and CEA, respectively, was also observed. Conclusions. Predomination of Gal-3 in patients with advanced diseases may implicate on its role in limiting ongoing proinflammatory processes. The fecal values of Gal-3 can be used as a valuable marker for CRC severity and progression.

Is the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise responsible for reduced cardiovascular disease?

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Wilund
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Engaging in regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease), but it is not certain to what degree this may be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Following acute exercise, there is a transient increase in circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas chronic exercise reduces basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise training also induces the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators in the vascular wall that may directly inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Limited studies in humans and more comprehensive assessments in animal models have confirmed that exercise is atheroprotective and helped identify a number of the mechanisms to explain these effects. This review explores the relationship between systemic and vascular wall inflammation and the role that the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise have on the development and progression of CVD.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Cytokines and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression. Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio V Sterpetti
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose of the Review Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. This review summarizes the rationale for personalized anti-inflammatory therapy. Recent Findings Systemic inflammatory parameters may be used to follow the clinical outcome in primary and secondary prevention. Medical therapy, both in patients with stable cardiovascular disease, or with acute events, may be tailored taking into consideration the level and course of systemic inflammatory mediators. There is significant space for improvement in primary prevention and in the treatment of patients who have suffered from severe cardiovascular events, paying attention to not only blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also including inflammatory parameters in our clinical analysis. Summary The potential exists to alter the course of atherosclerosis with anti-inflammatory drugs. With increased understanding of the specific mechanisms that regulate the relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis, new, more effective and specific anti-inflammatory treatment may become available.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Equilibrium, Proliferative and Antiproliferative Balance: The Role of Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Musolino ◽  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Andrea Gaetano Allegra ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically exemplified by a desynchronized cytokine system with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We focused on the contrast between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems by assessing the role of cytokines and their influence on MM. The aim of this review is to summarize the available information to date concerning this equilibrium to provide an overview of the research exploring the roles of serum cytokines in MM. However, the association between MM and inflammatory cytokines appears to be inadequate, and other functions, such as pro-proliferative or antiproliferative effects, can assume the role of cytokines in the genesis and progression of MM. It is possible that inflammation, when guided by cancer-specific Th1 cells, may inhibit tumour onset and progression. In a Th1 microenvironment, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-1) may contribute to tumour eradication by attracting leucocytes from the circulation and by increasing CD4+T cell activity. Hence, caution should be used when considering therapies that target factors with pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. Drugs that may reduce the tumour-suppressive Th1-driven inflammatory immune response should be avoided. A better understanding of the relationship between inflammation and myeloma will ensure more effective therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9949
Author(s):  
Fei Kong ◽  
Meishan Jin ◽  
Donghui Cao ◽  
Zhifang Jia ◽  
Yawen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Prognosis Marker ◽  
The Relationship

Background Galectins (Gal) are a family of protein that bind to the β-galactoside of glycoproteins. It modulates a variety of biological functions, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A series of experimental and clinical evidences have been reported to support a correlation between galectin expressions and neoplastic transformation, progression and prognosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the expression of Gal-3 and Gal-9 in order to evaluate their relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) -related clinical features and their prognostic values. Methods We evaluated Gal-3 and Gal-9 expression in 247 HCC patients by a tissue microarray immunohistochemistry method, then analyzed the relationship between expression levels of Gal-3 and Gal-9 protein and tumor parameters or clinical outcomes. Results The Gal-3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while no significant differences of Gal-9 was detected (P = 0.222). A higher Gal-3 expression was significantly associated with lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.049), poor histological differentiation (P = 0.016), and no cirrhosis (P = 0.040). In contrast, a lower Gal-9 expression was related to lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.002). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher Gal-3 expression had worse overall survival (P = 0.012) , however no correlation was found between Gal-9 expression and survival (P = 0.185). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple tumor (HR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.36–2.78]), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (HR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.07–2.12]), Lymph-vascular invasion (HR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.00–2.10]) and Gal-3 expression (HR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.06–2.33]) were independent influencing factors of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion Gal-3 was expected to serve as a novel prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, while Gal-9 expression was only related to tumor progression.

scholarly journals Nature of the forecast depending on the level of cytokines and the prevalence of AA and AG haplotypes in patients with sporadic and family forms of multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Natalia Voloshyna ◽  
Tetiana Negreba ◽  
Tatiana Koliada ◽  
Tetiana Pohuliaieva
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Family Form ◽  
Familial Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between the nature of the prognosis, normal and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory (INF-γ, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12), the prevalence of haplotypes AA and AG in 105 patients with sporadic form (recurrent course (RС) — 72, progressive types of course (PTС) — 33) and in 33 patients with family form (RС — 15, PTС — 18) of multiple sclerosis. Studies have shown that with RС, a favorable and uncertain prognosis in patients with a sporadic form of MS was significantly more likely to occur with a normal level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12), while in a familial form, a normal level of IL-10 was associated with a favorable and IL-12 — with an uncertain forecast. With PTС in patients with a sporadic form, the normal INF-γ content was more likely to occur with an unfavorable prognosis, while its increased content was characteristic of an uncertain prognosis. In the family form, an unfavorable prognosis was more common with an elevated level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine INF-γ and a normal level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This suggests that a complex and differentiated interaction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines occurs with the participation of various pathogenetic mechanisms for different forms and types of course. Uncertain prognosis in familial form of RT, unlike sporadic, was more common in patients with AA haplotype. A comparative assessment of the relationship between AA and AG haplotypes revealed the predominance of AA haplotype with an uncertain prognosis in patients with familial form of RT. Haplotype AG was significantly more common in the family form of PTT and did not depend on the nature of the prognosis. Thus, the prevalence of AA and AG haplotypes in both sporadic and familial forms revealed a close relationship with the nature of the prognosis and the type of course. Key words: multiple sclerosis, sporadic and familial form, prognosis, type of course, cytokines, haplotype

scholarly journals Diverse Expression of IL-32 in Diffuse and Intestinal Types of Gastric Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Pavlovic ◽  
Nevena Gajovic ◽  
Milena Jurisevic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Gordana Radosavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Diffuse Type ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grade Iii

Introduction. Gastric cancer (GC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis, indicating on need for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of IL-32, proinflammatory and angiogenic mediators, in patients with diffuse and intestinal gastric cancer and the relationship with clinicopathological aspects. Material and Methods. The tissue samples of diffuse and intestinal types of tumor of 70 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. Expression of IL-32, VEGF, IL-17, and CD31 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results. IL-32 expression was significantly lower in tissue samples from patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer that is also a severe and more progressive form (TNM stages III and IV, poor histological differentiation, and higher nuclear grade III). Expression of IL-17 was also decreased in patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer. Microvascular density was diminished in diffuse type of gastric cancer. Conclusions. Downregulated expression of IL-32 in tumor tissue of patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer may implicate on its role in limiting ongoing proinflammatory and proangiogenic processes. This emphasizes on unrecognized role of IL-32 in biology of diffuse type of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Fecal galectin-1 as a potential marker for colorectal cancer and disease severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Jovanovic ◽  
Nevena Gajovic ◽  
Natasa Zdravkovic ◽  
Marina Jovanovic ◽  
Milena Jurisevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Blood Vessel Invasion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Advanced Tumor

Background/Aim. Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide. CRC is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis, indicating the need for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. The aim of this study was to determine systemic and fecal values of galectin- 1 (gal-1) and ratios between gal-1 and proinflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) and interferon gamma (IFN-?), in the patients with CRC and the relationship with clinicopathological aspects of the disease. Methods. The blood samples and feces liquid fraction of 58 patients with CRC were analyzed. The serum and fecal levels of TNF-?, IL-1? and IFN-? and gal-1 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results. The fecal level of gal-1 was increased in the CRC patients with higher nuclear grade and poor tumor tissue differentiation. The gal-1/TNF-? ratio in the serum and feces had a higher trend in the patients with the advanced tumor-nodemetastasis (TNM) stage as well as the detectable lymphatic and blood vessel invasion. The gal-1/TNF-? and gal-1/IFN-? ratios were increased in the serum of patients with presence of lung/liver metastasis or peritoneal carcinomatosis, while the enhanced gal-1/IL-1 ratio was detected only in the serum of patients with lung metastasis. A positive correlation between the gal-1 value in feces and histological differentiation of tumor and biomarkers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen- 19-9 (CA 19-9), respectively, was also observed. The fecal values of gal-1 higher than 13,708.29 pg/g presented a highly sensitive and specific marker for histological differentiation of tumor tissue. Conclusion. We believe that the predomination of gal-1 over pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-?, IL-1? and IFN- ? in the patients with advanced and progressive CRC may implicate on an immunomodulatory role of gal-1 in the limiting ongoing proinflammatory processes. The fecal values of gal-1 can be used as a valuable marker for the severity of CRC.

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