Characterization of Prototype Formulated Particleboards from Agroindustrial Lignocellulose Biomass Bonded with Chemically Modified Cassava Peel Starch

Conventional methods of making particleboards utilize wood chips. This has resulted in a decrease in the tree cover due to the increase in wood demand. The effect has been climatic change. Wood is bound using phenol formaldehyde resin. Because of the decrease in the forest cover, alternative lignocellulose materials are required. In this study, lignocellulose materials used include sugarcane bagasse, maize stock, and rice husks. The cassava-starch mix with borax was used as a binder in particleboard formulation. The lignin content was determined, and its effect on properties of boards was investigated. The resultant composite material was molded at a pressure of 6.5 N/mm2 and at 30°C. The resultant particleboards had mean densities ranging from 0.604 to 0.611 g/cm3. The modulus of elasticity ranged from 2364.2 N/mm2 to 3329.93 N/mm2, modulus of rupture ranged from 13.55 N/mm2 to 14.83 N/mm2, and internal bonding ranged from 1.613 N/mm2 to 2.370 N/mm2. The performance of the board was dependent on the lignocellulose material used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that main chemical bonding in the particleboard resulted from esterification of –COOH from lignocellulose and OH- from starch. The particleboards formulated were found to be of low-density-fibre standard used in a similar manner to the conventional low-density particleboards.

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Properties of dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards bonded with phenol formaldehyde adhesive under various compression ratios

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.5422-5435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 5422-5435

Author(s):

Sena Maulana ◽

Wahyu Hidayat ◽

Ihak Sumardi ◽

Nyoman J. Wistara ◽

Muhammad I. Maulana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Slenderness Ratio ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Dendrocalamus Asper

Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated for bamboo-oriented strand boards (BOSB) prepared with combinations of two contrasting bamboo species and bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin under various compression ratios. The strands from the culms of Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea and Dendrocalamus asper bamboo were steam-treated at a temperature of 126 °C and a pressure of 0.14 MPa for 1 h and then washed with a 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards with a shelling ratio of 25 to 50 to 25 (face to core to back) were manufactured with different compression ratios using an 8% phenol formaldehyde adhesive and 1% paraffin. The slenderness ratio and aspect ratio were evaluated by measuring 100 random strands to determine uniformity. The solidity profiles of the dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards (thickness direction) were relatively uniform. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond values of the dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards increased as the compression ratio increased, but the water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. The dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards prepared with compression ratios of 1.44 to 1.25 and 1.54 to 1.33 met all the requirements of CSA standard 0437 (2011). The optimum compression ratio for the preparation of dual-species bamboo-oriented strand boards was 1.44 to 1.25.

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The Effect of Lignin Content on the Cure Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin as Determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.3.247 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

A.O. Barry ◽

W. Peng ◽

B. Riedl

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

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Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation of the Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/328426 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (s1) ◽

pp. S1015-S1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. S. Kaith ◽

Aashish Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Physico Chemical

Phenol: formaldehyde ratio was varied in the synthesis of phenol- formaldehyde resin and used to prepare the composites. These composites were then evaluated for their mechanical strength on the basis of tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance. Composite with better strength was characterized by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and further studies were carried out for its physico-chemical and mechanical properties like viscosity, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP)etc.

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Mechanical Properties Assessment of Laminated Veneer Lumber from Teak Plantation in Laos

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.6539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Khonethong SOUKPHAXAY ◽

Khamtan PHONETIP ◽

Latsamy BOUPHA ◽

Lothim SAETERN ◽

Khanxay KHAMMANIVONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Bending Test ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Test Results ◽

Forest Plantation ◽

Machine Model ◽

Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽

Teak Plantation

The objective of this study was to investigate the most influenced levels of pressure and length of time on modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of teak laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Teak LVL was taken from the Faculty of Forestry’s forest plantation in Vientiane, Laos. The peeled veneer’s thickness was 2.3 mm. The veneer was air-dried until the moisture content reached the range of 6 to 10 %. Teak LVL panels were assembled from 9-ply panels of veneer using PL116- Liquid phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive. The temperature was at 120 °C at 3 different pressure levels i.e., 1.5, 2 and 2.5 MPa and levels of time i.e. 9, 11 and 13 min. The experiment was conducted based on ISO16978. Intron Machine Model 5569 was used for the bending test of LVL with a dimension of 20×20×360 mm3. The bending test results on teak LVL showed significantly different MOR and MOE based on length of time and pressure levels of pressing.

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Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Oriented Strand Board Hibrida Bambu Pada Berbagai Shelling Ratio (Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Bamboo Oriented Strand Board at Various Shelling Ratios)

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis ◽

10.51850/jitkt.v17i2.473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Rynaldo Davinsy ◽

Sena Maulana ◽

Muhammad I Maulana ◽

Elvara D Satria ◽

Deded S Nawawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Outer Layer ◽

Oriented Strand Board ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Outer Core ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Board Density

Hybrid Bamboo Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) were produced to improve bamboo OSB's physical and mechanical properties. Shelling ratio adjustment of the strand type combination could determine the optimal physical and mechanical properties of hybrid bamboo oriented strand boards (OSB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid betung and andong bamboos OSB at various shelling ratios. Steam modified strands of betung and andong bamboo were used as an outer layer and core layer, respectively. Hybrid bamboo OSBs were prepared with 0.7 g cm-3 target density and 8% phenol-formaldehyde resin content. Three layers of OSB were made with outer: core shelling ratios of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40. The physical and mechanical properties of the OSB were tested referring to the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The targeted board density was achieved and the physical properties of all hybrid bamboo OSB have met the requirement of CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard criteria. The parallel modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) increased with increasing outer layer ratio. However, the perpendicular MOE and MOR decreased with increasing outer layer ratio. The internal bonding (IB) of the OSB with a shelling ratio of 30:70 and 40:60 met with the requirement of the CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard.

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Preparation and Characterization of Lignin from Malaysian Coconut Coir Husk (CCH) as a Potential Precursor in Phenol-Formaldehyde (Phenolic) Resins for the Plastics Industry

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.583 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1133 ◽

pp. 583-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nur Fatin Nabila Saari ◽

Dalina Samsudin ◽

Nor Mazlina Abdul Wahab ◽

Noor Aishatun Majid ◽

Rusli Daik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Resin ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

High Yield ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Phenolic Resins ◽

Coconut Coir ◽

The Fourier Transform

Coconut coir husk (CCH) was chosen to extract it lignin due to high lignin content comparable with other natural fibre. The lignin was extracted and its utilization in production of phenolic resin was investigated. The percentage extracted lignin obtained in this studied was 38.1% which indicated the high yield of lignin. Two phenolic resins were prepared, which are phenol-formaldehyde resin and lignin-formaldehyde resin. The functional group present in the lignin and both phenolic resins were further analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings from the infrared spectra of the lignin-formaldehyde resin were similar to the phenol-formaldehyde resin. These indicate that lignin can be partially used as phenol in phenolic resin synthesis.

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Purification of water contaminated with heavy metals by example of lead as promising material based on graphene nanostructures

Perspektivnye Materialy ◽

10.30791/1028-978x-2020-9-34-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

N. R. Memetov ◽

◽

A. V. Gerasimova ◽

A. E. Kucherova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Process ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Ecological Situation ◽

Characteristic Parameters ◽

Purification Of Water ◽

Graphene Nanostructures

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the use of graphene nanostructures in the purification of lead (II) ions to improve the ecological situation of water bodies. The mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using empirical models of isotherms at temperatures of 298, 303, 313 and 323 K, which correspond to the following order (based on the correlation coefficient): Langmuir (0.99) > Temkin (0.97) > Dubinin – Radushkevich (0.90). The maximum adsorption capacity of the material corresponds to the range from 230 to 260 mg/g. We research the equilibrium at the level of thermodynamic parameter estimates, which indicates the spontaneity of the process, the endothermic nature and structure change of graphene modified with phenol-formaldehyde resin during the adsorption of lead (II) ions, leading to an increase in the disorder of the system.

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