Assessment of Iodine Status among Pregnant Women and Neonates Using Neonatal Thyrotropin (TSH) in Mainland China after the Introduction of New Revised Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) in 2012: A Re-Emergence of Iodine Deficiency?

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). However, it is unclear about iodine and thyroid status of Chinese pregnant women and neonates after the implementation of the revised universal salt iodisation (USI) level in 2012. Therefore, the aim of the cross-sectional study was to determine iodine nutrition and thyroid status among pregnant women and their neonates in China after the implementation of USI. Medical records of pregnant women and neonates in Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital between January 2016 and December 2017 were reviewed and included. We included 3060 mother-and-newborn pairs in the study. Mean age of participants was 28.2 ± 4.1 years. TSH, FT3, and FT4 of participants were within normal reference range. The overall mean neonatal TSH, birth weight, and prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) were 4.86 ± 2.06 mIU/L, 3358 ± 455 g, and 3.2%, respectively. The prevalence of neonatal TSH values >5 mIU/L was 29.3%, suggesting iodine deficiency in the region. In conclusion, our results indicated iodine deficiency in the region, according to the neonatal TSH cutoff recommended by WHO/UNICEF/IGD. More efforts are urgently required to improve iodine status of pregnant women in the region in order to prevent a re-emergence of iodine deficiency.

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Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Sweden: a national cross-sectional study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-019-02102-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 2535-2545 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sofia Manousou ◽

Maria Andersson ◽

Robert Eggertsen ◽

Sandra Hunziker ◽

Lena Hulthén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

National Study ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Supplement Use

Abstract Purpose Voluntary salt iodization at 50 mg/kg salt ensures adequate iodine nutrition in Swedish school-aged children, but iodine status in pregnant women is uncertain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional national study of 743 pregnant women, at median gestational age of 23 weeks (IQR 9, 38), recruited from maternal health care centers. We measured: urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary creatinine concentration in spot urine samples; thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and total thyroxine (tT4) on dried blood spots (DBS); and thyreoperoxidase antibodies in serum samples. Data on dietary supplement use were obtained, and women were classified as supplement users (consuming multivitamins containing ≥ 150 µg iodine/day) and non-supplement users (no supplements or < 150 µg iodine/day from supplements). Results Overall median UIC [bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI)] was 101 µg/L (95, 108; n = 737): 149 µg/L (132, 164) in supplement users (n = 253) and 85 µg/L (79, 92) in non-supplement users (n = 440) (p < 0.001). Overall geometric mean DBS-Tg (95% CI) was 22.1 μg/L (20.8, 23.5; n = 675) and the prevalence of elevated DBS-Tg was 19%. DBS-Tg was lower in supplement users (n = 229) than in non-supplement users (n = 405) (19.1 vs 24.4 μg/L, p < 0.001). DBS-TSH, DBS-tT4, and S-TPOab positivity did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions Pregnant women in Sweden have inadequate iodine nutrition. Women not taking iodine supplements containing ≥ 150 µg iodine/day are affected by mild iodine deficiency and are at higher risk for increased thyroid activity, while maintaining euthyroidism. Iodine intake should be improved in women both before and after conception by promotion of iodized salt instead of non-iodized salt. We urge regular monitoring of iodine status in the general Swedish population, as well as in risk groups.

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A cross-sectional study on iodine status among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura: a North-Eastern state of India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Nilratan Majumder ◽

Balaram Sutradhar ◽

Saradindu Riang ◽

Shib Sekhar Datta

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Metabolic Demand ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Iodine Excretion

Background: Due to excess metabolic demand of iodine in pregnancy, pregnant women and lactating mother and their neonates are most vulnerable of iodine deficiency disorder. Urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of recent dietary iodine intake. Thus, present study was conducted to assess the iodine status and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/lit) among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura.Methods: Tribal and Bengali pregnant and non-pregnant women from Bokafa and Jolaibari Block of South Tripura district were included in the study. Urinary iodine excretion was done using simple micro plate method. Salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. All the tests were performed at CNRT Lab, ICMR, India.Results: Total number of subjects included in this study was 1071. Total number of urine samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women was 538 and 533 respectively. Median value of UIE in pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura was 155.0µg/L and 130.0µg/L. In pregnant women percentage prevalence of severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-149µg/L) was found in 4.1%, 15.1% and 29.6% subjects. In case of non-pregnant women severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-99µg/L) was found in 0.6%, 9.6%, 27.8% subjects respectively. The overall prevalence of iodine deficiency was found in 48.8% pregnant women, compared to 38.0% non-pregnant subjects.Conclusions: Efforts towards universal salt iodization need to be stepped-up in Sub-Himalayan region (NE part of India) and pregnant and lactating mothers may be targeted with alternate iodine supplements (Colloidal Iodine).

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Antibiotic Prescriptions among China Ambulatory Care Visits of Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 601

Author(s):

Houyu Zhao ◽

Mei Zhang ◽

Jiaming Bian ◽

Siyan Zhan

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

National Level ◽

Mainland China ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fetal Safety ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background: Antibiotic use in pregnant women at the national level has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: We aimed to investigate antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy in ambulatory care settings in China. Methods: Data of 4,574,961 ambulatory care visits of pregnant women from October 2014 to April 2018 were analyzed. Percentages of Antibiotic prescriptions by different subgroups and various diagnosis categories and proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for different subgroups were estimated. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories were used to describe the antibiotic prescription patterns. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Clopper––Pearson method or Goodman method. Results: Among the 4,574,961 outpatient visits during pregnancy, 2.0% (92,514 visits; 95% CI, 2.0–2.0%) were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The percentage of antibiotic prescriptions for pregnant women aged >40 years was 4.9% (95% CI, 4.7–5.0%), whereas that for pregnant women aged 26–30 years was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.4–1.5%). In addition, percentages of antibiotic prescriptions varied among different trimesters of pregnancy, which were 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3–5.4%) for the visits in the first trimester of pregnancy and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4–0.5%) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the percentages of antibiotic prescriptions substantially varied among different diagnosis categories and nearly three-quarters of antibiotic prescriptions had no clear indications and thus might be inappropriate. In total, 130,308 individual antibiotics were prescribed; among these, 60.4% (95% CI, 60.0–60.8%) belonged to FDA category B, 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5%) were classified as FDA category D and 16.8% (95% CI, 16.2–17.4%) were not assigned any FDA pregnancy category. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescriptions in ambulatory care during pregnancy were not highly prevalent in mainland China. However, a substantial proportion of antibiotics might have been prescribed without adequate indications. Antibiotics whose fetal safety has not been sufficiently illustrated were widely used in pregnant women.

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Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Muliana Edi ◽

Yit Chin ◽

Fui Woon ◽

Geeta Appannah ◽

Poh Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

At Home

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

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Prevalence of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Gwembe and Sinazongwe districts of Southern Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00397-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trevor Kaile ◽

Bornwell Sikateyo ◽

Masauso M. Phiri ◽

Charles Michelo

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southern Province ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Urine Iodine

Abstract Background Maternal iodine deficiency is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with a number of adverse outcomes such as abortion, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality and irreversible mental retardation. A study conducted in Zambia among pregnant women in 2013 on the prevalence of iodine deficiency showed that iodine deficiency was not a public health concern. The previous study used Urine Iodine concentration (UIC) as a marker of iodine deficiency among the pregnant women. Our study was conducted to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Gwembe and Sinazongwe districts of Southern Province, Zambia, using urine iodine concentration and goitre presence by manual palpation. Methods We carried out a community based, cross sectional study in rural areas of Gwembe and Sinazongwe districts between April 2016 to March 2018. Data were collected from 412 pregnant women by a multistage cluster sampling technique. The presence of a goitre was examined by manual palpation and urinary iodine concentration was determined by the Ultra Violet Method using PerkinElmer Labda UV Spectrometer equipment made in Jena Germany (Model 107,745). As part of the existing baseline data, we used results of a 2013 countrywide study (n = 489) for household salt iodine content which showed a greater than 40 ppm at 76.2%, between 15 and 40 ppm at 19.21% and less than 15 ppm at 4.59%. Statistical analysis was done using Stata version 14.0. The outputs of analysis are presented as median and Interquartile range (IQR) as the urine data were not normally distributed. Further, the categorical and independent variables were presented as proportions (percentages) to describe the distribution and trends in the target sample population. Results The median Urine Iodine concentration (UIC) of the pregnant women was 150 μg/L (Interquartile Range (IQR): 100–200 μg/L). Based on the UIC, There were 49% pregnant women who had inadequate iodine intake with urine iodine concentration of less than 150 μg/L, 34.0% had UIC of 150–249 μg/L indicating adequate iodine intake, 13.0% with UIC of 250–499 μg/L indicating more than adequate iodine intake, and 5.0% with UIC of above 500 μg/L indicating excessive iodine intake. To determine whether the women had access to iodized salt, we used baseline data from 2013 Zambia national survey for iodine concentration in household salt samples as being an average of 40 ppm, which also showed that 95.41% households consumed adequately iodized salt (≥15 ppm). The prevalence of goitre in our study was very low at 0.02% among the pregnant women of all ages who participated in the study (18–49 years). Conclusion Iodine deficiency was still not a public health concern among the pregnant women of Gwembe and Sinazongwe districts of Southern Province in Zambia. Goitre prevalence has remained very low in this study area. The UIC and goitre observations were consistent with the Zambia National Food and Nutrition Commission findings in 2013 report. However, our study showed more pregnant women with insufficient than adequate iodine status indicating the risk of developing IDD is still high in this region. It also reinforces the argument that strengthening of the existing salt iodization program is needed in order to make a homogenous iodated salt available to the communities. The National Food and Nutrition Commission of Zambia needs to find innovative ways of sensitizing people about the adverse effects of IDDs and how these could be prevented. It is recommended that iodine supplementation be introduced as part of the package of Antenatal clinic care for all pregnant women.

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Dried Blood Spot Thyroglobulin as a Biomarker of Iodine Status in Pregnant Women

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2016-2829 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sara Stinca ◽

Maria Andersson ◽

Sandra Weibel ◽

Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽

Ralph Fingerhut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Reference Range ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Dried Blood Spot ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Blood Spot

Abstract Context: Thyroglobulin (Tg) could be a sensitive biomarker of iodine nutrition in pregnant women (PW). A dried blood spot (DBS) assay would simplify collection and transport in field studies. Objectives: Our aims were to (1) establish and test a reference range for DBS-Tg in PW; (2) determine whether co-measurement of Tg antibodies (Abs) is necessary to define population iodine status. Design, Setting, and Participants: Standardized cross-sectional studies of 3870 PW from 11 countries. For the DBS-Tg reference range, we included TgAb-negative PW (n = 599) from 3 countries with sufficient iodine intake. Main Outcome Measures: We measured the urinary iodine concentration and DBS thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxin, Tg, and TgAb. Results: In the reference population, the median DBS-Tg was 9.2 μg/L (95% confidence interval, 8.7 to 9.8 μg/L) and was not significantly different among trimesters. The reference range was 0.3 to 43.5 μg/L. Over a range of iodine intake, the Tg concentrations were U-shaped. Within countries, the median DBS-Tg and the presence of elevated DBS-Tg did not differ significantly between all PW and PW who were TgAb-negative. Conclusions: A median DBS-Tg of ∼10 μg/L with <3% of values ≥44 μg/L indicated population iodine sufficiency. Concurrent measurement of TgAb did not appear necessary to assess the population iodine status.

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Maternal Weight Gain and its Relationship with Birth Weight of Baby at Term

Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.3329/bjog.v32i2.48277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

Shiffin Rijvi ◽

Sharmin Abbasi ◽

Farhana Dewan ◽

Sehereen Farhad Siddiqua ◽

Anuradha Karmakar

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College

Background: Perinatal health is influenced by maternal weight gain. Increase in obesity in population and excess weight during pregnancy may be different complications including large for gestational age fetus. As a result cesarean delivery has increased in prevalence. Maternal weight gain during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is an important determinant of fetal growth Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight of baby at term. Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried among 50 pregnant women at term in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital and Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2013 to July 2013. Data were collected in pre-designed data collection sheet. Results: This study found maximum (36%) were age group 21-25 years followed by 28% were ≤20 years, 24% were between 26-30 years, 8% were between 31-35 years and only 4% were of 36-40 years. The average age was 25 years. Among these 50 pregnant women, 2 cases (4%) had BMI < 18.5, 15 cases (30%) had a BMI 18.5-24.9, 19 cases (38%) had a BMI 25-29.9 and 14 cases (28%) had a BMI ≥30. The mean birth weight was 2.77±0.33. kg. Mean weight gain was 10.72±3.72 Kg. Conclusion: This study showed that reasonable maternal weight gain significantly increased birth weight of the baby at term. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 79-83

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Hubungan Tekanan Darah Ibu Hamil Aterm Dengan Berat Badan Lahir di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v2i2.121 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Feby Andammori ◽

Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Record ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

T Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstrakTinggi rendahnya tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dalam kehamilan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap berat badan lahir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan tekanan darah ibu hamil aterm dengan berat badan lahir di RSUP dr M. Djamil Padang. Metode penelitian : Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan survei analitik dengan menggunakan studi komparatif dengan design penelitian Cross Sectional Study. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari sub bagian Rekam Medik (Medical Record) RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang bulan Januari 2010 – Desember 2012 dengan jumlah sampel 34 orang ibu hamil yang tidak hipertensi dan 34 orang ibu hamil yang mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilannya. Hasil penelitian : Ditemukan rata-rata berat badan lahir bayi yang dilahirkan oleh kelompok ibu yang tidak mengalami hipertensi pada kehamilannya adalah 3.408 (SD 307) gram dan rata-rata berat badan lahir bayi yang dilahirkan oleh kelompok ibu yang mengalami hipertensi pada kehamilannya adalah 2.799 (SD 413) gram. Dari hasil uji analisis Independent Sample T-test diperoleh hasil ditemukan adanya hubungan tekanan darah ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang p = 0,00 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Pemeriksaan kehamilan secara teratur penting untuk mengantisipasi adanya peningkatan tekanan darah ibu hamil yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap berat bayi lahir.Kata kunci: tekanan darah, berat badan lahir, ibu hamilAbstractHigh and low level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy has impact to birth weight. This research is purposed to identify the relation between aterm pregnant blood pressure and birth weight.Methods : This research is analytical survey which used comparative study with Cross Sectional Study design. This research used secondary data taken from Medical Record in RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang since Januari 2010 until December 2012 with number of samples are 34 pregnant women who have not hypertension and 34 pregnant women who have hypertension in pregnancy.The results: Research found that average of birth weight from non-hypertension pregnant woman is about 3,408 (SD 307) gr and average of birth weight from hypertension pregnant woman is about 2,799 (SD 413) gr. The result from Independent sample T-test analysis found that there is a relation between blood pressure in pregnancy with birth weight at RSUP dr. M.Djamil Padang p = 0.00 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Regular antenatal care is important to anticipate an increase in maternal blood pressure can affect birth weight.Keywords: blood pressure, birth weight, pregnant women

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Mid upper arm circumference in pregnant women and its relationship with birth weight

Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18231/j.pjms.2021.067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

Surendra Nath Soren ◽

Partha Sarathi Sahu

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

: Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) is considered as a good indicator of maternal nutritional status in pregnant women. Very few studies have been done to establish a relationship between MUAC and birth weight of newborn. This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between MUAC and birth weight of newborn in a tertiary health care facility.This cross sectional study was conducted in 240term pregnant women. MUAC was measured to the nearest millimeters using a non-stretchable tape at the midpoint between acromian process and olecranon process. Newborn baby weight was measured within 24 hrs of birth. The association between MUAC and birth weight was established by linear regression analysis.The mean of MUAC among pregnant women delivering LBW was 21.68±2.27 cm which was significantly low (p<0.001) compared to women delivering normal babies (23.47±2.56 cm). There wasa positive correlation(r=0.32;p<0.05)between MUAC and birth weight of newborn.The cut off value of MUAC for the prediction of LBW in our study was found to be 22.59 cm with 62.77% sensitivity and 71.55% specificity.Among the various maternal factors for the prediction of LBW, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be correlated with birth weight outcome effectively.

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Kecacingan, malaria, dan status besi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Batang Hari Provinsi Jambi

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17568 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Helfiyan Helfiyan ◽

Hamam Hadi ◽

Siti Helmyati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Necator Americanus ◽

Before And After

Background: Anemia among pregnant women may increase abortion, premature, low birth weight and even mortality before and after delivery. Factors causing anemia in Indonesia are lack of Fe, inadequate intake, demanding needs, and lack of nutrient facilitating Fe absorption. Besides, infection such as worm and malaria may cause anemia as well. Result of household health survey 2001 stated that prevalence of pregnant women with anemia was 40% in Indonesia. In Jambi Province, it was 39% in 2003 and 42.3% for Batang Hari Regency while infection of malaria was 50.0% in all age groups and many other districts that its environment were woods, humid, and wasted that may increase infection of hookworm.Objective: The study was proposed to know the correlation of hookworm, malaria with anemia among pregnant women by analyzing correlation of hookworm, malaria, and anemia and correlation of hookworm, malaria and Fe status among pregnant women.Method: This was cross sectional study. It held from September until December 2005 in Batang Hari Regency, Jambi Province. Subjects were 132 pregnant women. Examination of blood for Hb, malaria and ferritin were taken together while feces were later.Results: There were no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides infection with anemia (p = 0.36; OR = 2.43), Trichiuris thrichiura infection with anemia (p = 0.30), 2 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura with anemia (p = 0.08; OR = 4.87), and infection of Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with anemia (p = 0.30). There was significant correlation of 3 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus with anemia (p = 0.018; OR = 7.3). There were no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides with ferritin (p = 0.17; OR = 3.23) and Trichiuris trichiura with ferritin (p = 0.25). There was significant correlation of 2 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura with ferritin (p = 0.04; OR = 6.4). There was no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with ferritin p = 0.25. There were significant correlation of 3 kinds of worm (Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus) with ferritin p = 0.007; OR = 9.69 and ferritin with anemia p = 0.0001; OR = 17.45.Conclusion: There was no significant correlation of hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichius trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with anemia. There were significant correlation of infection of Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus with anemia and malaria with anemia. There was no correlation of hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Neca- tor americanus with anemia. There were correlation of infection Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiuris + Necator americanus with ferritin, malaria with ferritin, and ferritin with anemia.

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