scholarly journals HPV-Chlamydial Coinfection, Prevalence, and Association with Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions: A Pilot Study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ssedyabane ◽  
Diaz Anaya Amnia ◽  
Ronald Mayanja ◽  
Aisagbonhi Omonigho ◽  
Charles Ssuuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Background. Human Pappilloma Virus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. A number of risk factors are believed to influence the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer. This is so because majority of HPV infections are cleared and only a few are able to result into cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is considered a potential cofactor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), although different studies have produced contradicting information (Silins et al., 2005, Bellaminutti et al., 2014, and Bhatla et al., 2013). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and association of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection with cervical intraepithelial lesions and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial lesions at a hospital in south western Uganda (MRRH). Methods. The study included 93 participants, with an age range of 25 to 80 years, from whom cervical specimens were collected and enrolment forms were completed upon consent. Experienced midwives collected one cervical smear and two endocervical swabs from each participant. The swabs were used for HPV DNA and Chlamydia trachomatis antigen testing. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using STATA 12 software. With the help of spearman’s correlation at the 0.05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done by logistic regression, to determine associations of risk factors to cervical lesions. Results. The results showed the prevalence of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection to be 8.6% (8/93). Positive Pap smear results were found in 60.22% (56/93) participants, most of whom had low grade squamous intraepitherial lesion (LSIL) (54.84%). HPV-Chlamydial coinfection showed a significant correlation with a positive cytology result and only relatively significantly correlated with LSIL grade of cytological positivity. HPV was found to be the risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions at MRRH. Conclusion. HPV, Chlamydia, and HPV-Chlamydial coinfection are prevalent infections and there is a likelihood of association between HPV-Chlamydial coinfection and with cervical intraepithelial lesions. This study recommends general sexually transimitted infections (STIS) screening for every woman that turns up for cervical cancer screening and a larger study, probably a multicentre study.

scholarly journals High prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 66 in low-grade cervical lesions of Mexican women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Juárez-González ◽  
Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes ◽  
Silvia Gordillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Saúl González-Guzmán ◽  
Xochilt Moncayo-Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

AbstractBackgroundHPV-16 infections constitute the highest risk for developing uterine cervix cancer. However, the role of other high-risk types is still controversial.ObjectiveTo analyze HR-HPV prevalence and its possible associations between HPV and risk factors related to cervical lesions among Mexican women.MethodsCross sectional study using 362 cervical samples collected between 2016 and 2017. Fourteen HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68) were detected by highly sensitive PCR amplification followed by reverse hybridization. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between HPV types and risk factors among lesions.ResultsMost samples were HR-HPV positive (83.43%). HPV-16 was the most prevalent infection among negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (78.6%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (50%), and cervical cancer (58.2%). HPV-66 showed an unexpected high prevalence in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (50%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial (45.7%), and only found in 3.6% of cervical cancers. HPV-16 was significantly prevalent among women between 30-39 years, whereas types 66 and 52 were significantly associated when previously sexually transmitted disease had occurred (p< 0.05).ConclusionsHPV-66 either in single or co-infection with other HR-HPV types (excluding 16 and 18) might be indicative of non-progressive cancer lesions. HPV-66 prevalence was unusually high in low-grade cervical lesions, predominantly in co-infection with HPV-51, and very low among cervical cancer. This should be addressed to interpret results obtained by methods that group type 66 with other HR-types.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer and Papanicolaou Test in Marginalized Adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
María Inés Sarmiento Medina ◽  
Miryam Puerto de Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Cervical cancer is rare in young women, so screening in women under 21 years is not recommended. However, early and intense exposure to risk factors could increase the likelihood of early pre-neoplastic lesions. Currently, particular social conditions in adolescents can favor exposure, generate changes in lifestyles, and affect their immediate and future health. This work describes the frequency of risk factors and Pap results in adolescents of a child protection center. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a retrospective cross-sectional study that measured the frequency of exposure to risk factors for cervical cancer and Pap results of 889 adolescents exposed to critical social conditions. It used information from the cytology report files made between 2011 and 2016. Results: Normal Pap smear was found in 85 % of the cases. The risk factors had a very high prevalence, especially the early age of onset of sexual relations with 75 % before age 14, the number of sexual partners with more than one in 66.7 %, no use of a condom 95 % and high cigarette consumption. Discussion: The frequency of pre-malignant cervical lesions was very low; however, in women under 21 years old with premature and intense exposure to risk factors, an early-onset conservative screening accompanied by gynecological consultation for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment can be considered. The marginalized adolescent’s social problem requires interdisciplinary and intersectoral management.

scholarly journals Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions in Women with Persistent Inflammatory Smear on Pap Smear: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 848-852
Author(s):  
Junu Shrestha ◽  
Dilasma Gharti Magar ◽  
Chandani Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Introduction: Persistent inflammatory smear is a benign finding on pap test but is associated with premalignant lesion of the cervix. Further evaluation is therefore necessary. This study was done to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in women with persistent inflammatory smear. Methods: This is descriptive observational study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of tertiary care centre of Nepal from 15th May 2020 to 14th May 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Board (Reference no MEMG/IRC/338/GA). Women with two consecutive pap smear reports showing inflammatory findings were enrolled. Colposcopy was performed and Modified Reid’s colposcopic index was used to grade the lesions. Colposcopic guided biopsy was taken and tissue sent for histopathology for abnormal colposcopic lesions. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and frequency and percentages were used to present data. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 115 women, 57 (49.5%) at 95% Confidence Interval (40.37-58.63) had Cervical Intraepithelial lesions. Among them 48 (41.7%) had low grade intraepithelial lesions and 9 (7.8%) had high grade lesions on colposcopy. Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in women with persistent inflammatory smear on pap was higher in our study compared to other studies.

Women’s health concern in Jordan: knowledge, practice and barriers toward cervical cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqia Saleem Maabreh ◽  
Raya Yousef Al-Husban ◽  
Hekmat Yousef Al-Akash ◽  
Noha Al-Shdayfat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most important health issues faced by women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify Jordanian women’s knowledge, barriers and measures pertaining to risk factors and screening choices of CC (Pap smear tests). Design/methodology/approach This study applied a cross sectional design by collecting data from a convenient sample of 200 women between 20 and 70 years of age in health and public centers in Jordan. Data was then analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of SPSS, version 21. Findings The findings revealed that 55.5% of the participants had no information about the Pap smear, and 75% did not know the risk factors. Moreover, 50% of the sample did not know where to take the test, and 50% reported a lack of encouragement from the husband to undertake the test. More than half of the participants (56.5%) expressed fear that cervical screening would be a painful examination even though they reported not having any previous experience with the test. Originality/value Based on these findings, public education about CC screening is essential, including advertising and a campaign similar to the breast cancer awareness programs in Jordan, as a way of encouraging early screening to improve the health of women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women with different degrees of cervical cytological abnormalities in Sicily (Italy)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Franchina ◽  
Carmela M. Costanzo ◽  
Raffaela Russo ◽  
Concetta I. Palermo ◽  
Guido Scalia
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiological agents of cervical cancer. In the absence of Pap smear alterations, high-risk HPV DNA can be detected in cervical samples. The prevalence of papillomavirus infection and their genotype distribution varies greatly across populations. The aims of this study were: i) to assess the prevalences of HPV genotypes in people living in Eastern Sicily (Italy) and the frequency of HPV multiple infections; ii) to evaluate the association between HPV genotypes and cervical lesions in order to improve the epidemiological knowledge useful for monitoring or treating infected women. Nested PCR and reverse dot/blot hybridization were used for the detection and typing of HPV DNA in 315 women who had had an abnormal PAP-smear. HPV DNA test was positive in 70.5% cases; the prevalence was 50% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 80.8% in low grade-, and 76.2% in high grade-squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL). The genotype distribution showed a predominance of HPV-16 (56.7%) followed by HPV-18 (12.2%), HPV-31 (9.5%) and HPV-6 (9.5%). Multiple infections were detected in 35.1% of the infected patients. High frequency of positive results for HPV was confirmed and, even in case of ASCUS, patients should be taken into account for genotyping. Our data indicate that multiple infections are consistent in women with low-grade lesions while they are less frequent in women with H-SIL. This could reinforce the theory of the multi-stage cancer model, by which one HPV type becomes predominant along with the progression of cervical lesion severity.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Almeida Cunha ◽  
Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort ◽  
Francisco Pedro Belfort Mendes ◽  
Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique de Lima Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Classification and identification of human papillomavirus based on its prevalence and development of cervical lesion among Iranian women

Bioimpacts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Mitra Moeinzadeh ◽  
Babak Kheirkhah ◽  
Kumarss Amini ◽  
Ali Pouryasin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hpv Genotyping

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in large areas of the developing world, and almost half of these cases (54%) arises in Asia, where cervical cancer is still threatening women’s health and survival, which makes it a considerable public problem. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most powerful human carcinogens. Today, it has been proven that all cervical cancers and primary precancerous lesions are caused by carcinogenic types of HPV infections. HPV genotyping can therefore evaluate the screening programs. Methods: Five hundred fifty women referring to the gynecological centers were subjected to Pap smear cell samples. The cytopathological diagnosis of obtained cervical samples was based on the Bethesda system. HPV genotyping was carried out using the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II Amp assay. Results: In a total of 244 HPV positive cases, single‑type HPV infec­tion was observed in 49.6%, while multi‑type HPV infections (including ≥ 2 types) were found in 45.5% of cases. Among the 110 cases with abnormal cytology results, going-over analyses led to the identification of atypical squamous cell of unknown significance (ASCUS) in 73 cases, low‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 24 cases, and high‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 12 cases. In these groups, the infection rate of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was 89%, 82%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the total population of women suffering from different cervical lesions and malignancy was found to be infected with various HPV genotypes. High prevalence of HPV- 53 and HPV- 16 detected among participants with normal cytology can be considered as a tip-off development of cervical cancer among Iranian women.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection and risk factors to cervical cancer in asymptomatic women in the region of the Northeast of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Karol Fireman de Farias ◽  
Adrielle Sonara Gomes Silva ◽  
Ana Caroline Melo dos Santos ◽  
Adriely Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Denise Macedo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

Objective: This study sought to identify the presence of HPV infection and the risk factors related to susceptibility to cervical cancer in asymptomatic women. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with 428 users attended Basic Health Units, in Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral variables, and cytopathological reports were collected. Molecular detection of the HPV virus was performed by Nested-PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 22.0. Results: A total of 428 women were studied, HPV DNA detected in 39.2% (n = 168), with a mean age of 41 years old. There was an association of HPV with use of oral contraceptives (p <0.016) and alcoholism (p <0.038). It was showed a higher frequency of positive HPV in women older than 25 years old (88.7%), up to 5 sexual partners (93.4%), up to 3 pregnancies (71.4%), and with the cytopathologic results within the limits of normality (61.9%). HPV was identified in 40.3% (104/258) of the women with results within the limits of normality. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of oral contraceptives and alcoholism may be considered as possible risk factors related to cervical oncogenesis. With this, it is necessary to propose interventions aimed at the health education of this population, actions of prevention, and early detection.

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