scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer and Papanicolaou Test in Marginalized Adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
María Inés Sarmiento Medina ◽  
Miryam Puerto de Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Cervical cancer is rare in young women, so screening in women under 21 years is not recommended. However, early and intense exposure to risk factors could increase the likelihood of early pre-neoplastic lesions. Currently, particular social conditions in adolescents can favor exposure, generate changes in lifestyles, and affect their immediate and future health. This work describes the frequency of risk factors and Pap results in adolescents of a child protection center. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a retrospective cross-sectional study that measured the frequency of exposure to risk factors for cervical cancer and Pap results of 889 adolescents exposed to critical social conditions. It used information from the cytology report files made between 2011 and 2016. Results: Normal Pap smear was found in 85 % of the cases. The risk factors had a very high prevalence, especially the early age of onset of sexual relations with 75 % before age 14, the number of sexual partners with more than one in 66.7 %, no use of a condom 95 % and high cigarette consumption. Discussion: The frequency of pre-malignant cervical lesions was very low; however, in women under 21 years old with premature and intense exposure to risk factors, an early-onset conservative screening accompanied by gynecological consultation for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment can be considered. The marginalized adolescent’s social problem requires interdisciplinary and intersectoral management.

scholarly journals HPV-Chlamydial Coinfection, Prevalence, and Association with Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions: A Pilot Study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ssedyabane ◽  
Diaz Anaya Amnia ◽  
Ronald Mayanja ◽  
Aisagbonhi Omonigho ◽  
Charles Ssuuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Background. Human Pappilloma Virus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. A number of risk factors are believed to influence the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer. This is so because majority of HPV infections are cleared and only a few are able to result into cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is considered a potential cofactor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), although different studies have produced contradicting information (Silins et al., 2005, Bellaminutti et al., 2014, and Bhatla et al., 2013). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and association of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection with cervical intraepithelial lesions and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial lesions at a hospital in south western Uganda (MRRH). Methods. The study included 93 participants, with an age range of 25 to 80 years, from whom cervical specimens were collected and enrolment forms were completed upon consent. Experienced midwives collected one cervical smear and two endocervical swabs from each participant. The swabs were used for HPV DNA and Chlamydia trachomatis antigen testing. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using STATA 12 software. With the help of spearman’s correlation at the 0.05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done by logistic regression, to determine associations of risk factors to cervical lesions. Results. The results showed the prevalence of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection to be 8.6% (8/93). Positive Pap smear results were found in 60.22% (56/93) participants, most of whom had low grade squamous intraepitherial lesion (LSIL) (54.84%). HPV-Chlamydial coinfection showed a significant correlation with a positive cytology result and only relatively significantly correlated with LSIL grade of cytological positivity. HPV was found to be the risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions at MRRH. Conclusion. HPV, Chlamydia, and HPV-Chlamydial coinfection are prevalent infections and there is a likelihood of association between HPV-Chlamydial coinfection and with cervical intraepithelial lesions. This study recommends general sexually transimitted infections (STIS) screening for every woman that turns up for cervical cancer screening and a larger study, probably a multicentre study.

Women’s health concern in Jordan: knowledge, practice and barriers toward cervical cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqia Saleem Maabreh ◽  
Raya Yousef Al-Husban ◽  
Hekmat Yousef Al-Akash ◽  
Noha Al-Shdayfat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most important health issues faced by women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify Jordanian women’s knowledge, barriers and measures pertaining to risk factors and screening choices of CC (Pap smear tests). Design/methodology/approach This study applied a cross sectional design by collecting data from a convenient sample of 200 women between 20 and 70 years of age in health and public centers in Jordan. Data was then analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of SPSS, version 21. Findings The findings revealed that 55.5% of the participants had no information about the Pap smear, and 75% did not know the risk factors. Moreover, 50% of the sample did not know where to take the test, and 50% reported a lack of encouragement from the husband to undertake the test. More than half of the participants (56.5%) expressed fear that cervical screening would be a painful examination even though they reported not having any previous experience with the test. Originality/value Based on these findings, public education about CC screening is essential, including advertising and a campaign similar to the breast cancer awareness programs in Jordan, as a way of encouraging early screening to improve the health of women.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Cervical Cancer Prevention among Student Health Professionals in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Chigozie Gloria Anene-Okeke ◽  
Deborah O Aluh ◽  
Uzoamaka Henrietta Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer affecting women worldwide. It is a preventable disease but still remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries like Nigeria despite the availability of preventive strategies. Undergraduate pharmacy and medical students are future health care providers who can help raise awareness and improve the knowledge of the public towards cervical cancer, its screening, prevention and treatment. The study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of cervical cancer screening and prevention. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional survey using questionnaire conducted in the University of Nigeria and Nnamdi Azikiwe University both in South-eastern Nigeria. Participants were conveniently sampled and the self-administered questionnaire was given to 335 consenting female pharmacy and medicine undergraduate students. Results: 335 out of the 350 undergraduate students approached responded (95.7 % response rate). The result of the study shows that the students generally had a good level of awareness of cervical cancer. The students surveyed had a mean knowledge score of 75.9062±20.265. More than a third (36.1%, n = 214) of the students had a negative attitude towards cervical cancer. Only about one in eight students reported to have had a pap smear (12.54%, n = 42). Conclusion: The students generally had a good awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer which was not translated into practice. There is a need to include public health principles into the curriculum of Pharmacy and Medical schools in Nigeria since they are future health advisors.

scholarly journals Assess the Knowledge Regarding Pap Smear Among Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
Jayanthi V ◽  
Indira S ◽  
N Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Cervical cancer screening is an essential part of women’s routine health care. The Pap smear test is the way to detect abnormal cervical cells including precancerous cervical lesions as well as early stage cervical cancer. Objectives: 1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women. 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive research design was used to conduct research study. 30 women residing at Kamakshi Nagar in Nellore were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Result: The result reveals that,out of 30 women, 17 (57%) had in adequate knowledge, 10 (33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and only 3(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding pap smear. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of women had inadequate knowledge on pap smear test .hence there is a need to conduct awareness programme in community to raise the level of awareness on pap smear test

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of abnormal pap smear in pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Neha Mohindroo ◽  
Anoop Sharma ◽  
Santosh Minhas ◽  
Kushla Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The Papanicolaou test is a method of cervical screening used to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous processes. The incidence of cervical cancer in India is alarmingly high and is the leading cause of cancer in women in India accounting for 147 deaths per lakh women. Cervical cytological abnormalities are found in up to 5% of all pregnancies. In Indian settings, published data on abnormal Pap smear in pregnancy is lacking. The present study was designed to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in pregnant women and its associated risk factors.Methods: This prospective study included 450 pregnant and 450 non-pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, Pap smear was collected as per conventional method and reported using 2014 Bethesda system.Results: 53.6% pregnant and 44.6% non-pregnant subjects had abnormal Pap smear. Out of the abnormal smears in pregnant women, 31.18% had inflammatory cytology, 15.37% had bacterial vaginosis, 4.01% had Trichomonal and 3.34% Monilial pathology. No epithelial cell abnormality was seen. Rural residence, lower class, age at first intercourse less than 21 years and having more than one sexual partner were important risk factors observed in our study and were statistically significant.Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis, the most common infection detected on Pap smear is strongly associated with previos preterm labour and delivery. This opportunity for screening of cervical cancer and counselling should not be missed in the antenatal period.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Behavior Among Female Undergraduate Students in a Nigerian University

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 3s-3s
Author(s):  
J. Agboeze ◽  
M. Nwali ◽  
N. Ezeani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable disease that affects women especially in developing countries. Over the years awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening services have remained poor in developing countries. Lack of knowledge and poor attitude toward the disease and risk factors can affect screening practice and development of preventive behavior for cervical cancer. Aim: This study assessed the level of knowledge and barriers toward cervical cancer screening among female university students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 234 female students selected by stratified random sampling techniques at Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge, attitude and screening history. Data were analyzed with Epi info version 7.1.4. Results: Participants' mean age was 22 years (SD=3). Majority of the respondents 79.5% have not heard of screening, 58.9% knew that it can be prevented, 78.5% have not heard about HPV vaccine and only 4.0% have had Papanicolaou test. Common barriers include lack of centers where such services are obtainable (88%) and fear of cancer being discovered (9%). Reported risk factors were multiple sexual partners (24.2%) and early onset of sexual intercourse (19.8%). A significant association was found between institutional and personal barriers and having a Papanicolaou test. Conclusion: Comprehensive education on cervical cancer screening in universities is critical in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Few screening centers have also contributed to poor cervical screening uptake.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness of the cause, prevention and control of cervical cancer amongst female undergraduates and faculty of health sciences: a cross sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Abhishek Tandon ◽  
Snigdha Raja ◽  
Mangala M. Pai ◽  
B. Unnikrishnan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and the most common in India. In this study, the current knowledge of female undergraduates and faculty of health sciences regarding the various parameters like risk factors, symptoms, screening tests and vaccinations pertaining to cervical cancer was assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered anonymous questionnaire-based survey was carried out, in a medical college in Mangalore, which included 260 staff and students. Non random sampling was done and the study was carried out only after gaining institutional Ethical community approval and written informed consent from the subjects.Results: Majority of the participants 185 (71.4%) were aware that cervical cancer is one of the most wide- spread gynecological cancers in Asia. The awareness of causative agents of cervical cancer was known to 53.9% of the undergraduates and 50% of the faculty members. 73% of the total study groups have heard of HPV and around 68% agreed that it was detectable. 71% of the study sample had heard about the Pap smear test and 42% have undergone the test. The questions pertaining to the preventive measures of cervical cancer had good faculty preponderance with 91.8% giving a positive response. 84.1% of the students and 79.5% of the faculty members knew that abnormal vaginal bleeding was a symptom.Conclusions: In this study an attempt has been made to study the correlates of knowledge of cervical cancer in a cohort which consisted of health care undergraduate and faculty. Majority of our study group was well aware of the various risk factors of cervical cancer and its preventable nature however awareness regarding the association between diets, multiple pregnancies and use of tobacco was poor.

scholarly journals Awareness of cervical cancer among women attending an HIV treatment centre: a cross-sectional study from Morocco

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e020343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essaada Belglaiaa ◽  
Tiatou Souho ◽  
Latifa Badaoui ◽  
Michel Segondy ◽  
Jean-Luc Prétet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Centre

ObjectiveTo explore awareness about cervical cancer among Moroccan women attending an HIV treatment centre in Laâyoune city, Morocco.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017 using a knowledge test regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors and its prevention.SettingHIV treatment centre at the Hospital of Moulay Hassan Ben Elmehdi in Laâyoune city, Morocco.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty-three HIV-positive women aged 19 years and older were recruited to this study.ResultsA total of 115 women were eligible to participate in the study. The average age was 34.9±10.2 years. Few women (20%) had heard about cervical cancer and its screening, the majority (17.4%) having received information from mass media. The vast majority (79.1%) of respondents had no knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors, and 80.8% did not know any symptoms of cervical cancer. Only 13% had undergone a Pap smear test. The main reason for not seeking Pap smear was the absence of symptoms (47%).ConclusionOur study documents poor awareness of cervical cancer. Given that the HIV-positive population is at increased risk of cervical cancer, health education programmes should be promoted to increase awareness of cervical cancer as well as access and participation in cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Awareness of cervical and breast cancer among women attending OBG out-patient department of a medical college hospital, Bangalore

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Srikanth ◽  
Kavya G. Upadhya ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Cancers of the cervix and breast are common among Indian women. Majority of the women are not aware of the symptoms or screening methods and report late. Hence the current study was done to assess their knowledge and provide information regarding early detection.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the OBG out-patient department of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Bangalore over a period of 3 months and 205 women aged 18 years and above were the study subjects. The awareness of the study subjects regarding cervical and breast cancer was assessed using a pre-tested semi-structured proforma. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among 205 study subjects interviewed, the study subjects who had heard about cervical cancer were 173 (84.4%) and those who had heard about breast cancer were 202 (98.5%). Out of 173 subjects who had heard about cervical cancer, 139 (80.3%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 102 (58.9%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that cervical cancer could be detected early was known to 113 (65.3%) subjects but only 57 (32.9%) were aware of a pap smear. Out of 202 subjects who had heard about breast cancer, 159 (78.7%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 74 (36.6%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that breast cancer could be detected early was known to 143 (70.8%) subjects but only 42 (20.8%) were aware of mammogram.Conclusions: Majority of the study subjects had reasonable knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of cervical and breast cancer but the knowledge regarding screening test for early detection of these cancers was poor.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND CLINICAL CONDITIONS OF WOMEN WITH OR WITHOUT PRECURSORLESION FOR CERVICAL CANCER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Moura de Assis Sampaio ◽  
Lyvia Mirelle Carneiro de Franca ◽  
Caroline Ramalho Galvao ◽  
Lorena Ramalho Galvao ◽  
Maria Emilia Cirqueira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population

Introduction: Cervical Cancer (CC) in Brazil is the fourth cause of death for malignant neoplasms in female population, being expected to 16,370 new cases for the biennium 2018-2019. Objective: To identify factors associated with the presence of cytopathological changes of the cervix, HIV and/or syphilis in women who performed the Pap Smear (PS) at Family Health Unit (FHU) San Martin, in Salvador-BA, 09 March 2015 to 2018. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 150 participants. After application of a questionnaire, there was conducted clinical examination of the breast and gynecological and rapid tests for diagnosis of syphilis and HIV types 1 and 2. The bivariate analysis was made by associating each one of the independent variables with the outcome, through contingency tables (Chi-square test and when necessary, the Fisher's exact test). The estimates were obtained with Prevalence Ratio (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) and p values. Mean differences were estimated through Student's t-test. The goodness of the test was estimated by ratio of maximum likelihood (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There were 11.33% of women with injury and 88.67% without injury. The group with injury (n = 17) presented the worst values in relation to the use of the cigarette (17.65% vs 3.76%) and clinical examination in breast change issues (17.65% vs 4.51%) and unloading (11.76% vs papillary 1.50%), in comparison to the group without precursor lesion pro CC, statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). 5 cases were positive for syphilis (3.33%), and no case of HIV types 1 and 2. Discussion: The study confirmed risk factors for injury precursors of CC, such as smoking and mammary changes, as well as how much research related to diverged condom use and reducing the risk of injury and the likely Association with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). Conclusion: There was detected a low percentage of women with precursor lesions for the CC (11.33%), that were not associated with syphilis and HIV types 1 and 2, but were correlated the expected factors like mammary changes and smoking. The reorganization of actions of active search of women with risk factors for CC for the EP can culminate in the reduction of this cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document