scholarly journals Bovine Trypanosomosis and Its Vectors in Three Selected Districts of Buno Bedele Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gelaye Gebisa ◽  
Kibiru Beriso ◽  
Biruk Bogale ◽  
Oda Gizaw ◽  
Dawit Chala
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Trypanosomosis is one of the most economically challenging diseases affecting mammals, and it is a serious haemoprotozoan disease caused by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. The study was conducted to access the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, its associated risk factors, and vector density on cattle reared in three selected districts, namely, Chewaka, Dabo Hana, and Meko districts. Blood was collected from a total of 1046 cattle of age groups extending from 1 to 6 years. The buffy coat technique was used to check the presence of parasites from sampled blood, and the trypanosome species were identified using Giemsa-stained thin blood films. The packed cell volume of sampled blood was determined using the haematocrit. A total of 160 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. Generally, 3.44% of the studied animal was infected with trypanosomosis, and T. vivax was the dominant species of trypanosomosis in the study areas. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed due to associated factor viz. body condition and anaemic status of the animal; however, insignificant differences were also recorded between different districts, age group, and sex. The mean PCV value of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals was 22.22 ± 0.92 and 26.18 ± 0.16, respectively, and significant difference was P < 0.05. An overall of 1.82 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study areas, and among the total caught vectors, 81.4% of it was G. tachinoides and the rest was G. morsitans. Therefore, the veterinarians have to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation, and Bedele NTTICC has to take more measures to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies in Dabo Hana district than the others due to high flies per trap per day observed in Dabo Hana district.

Study on Bovine Trypanosomosis and Associated Risk Factors in Chora District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Alemitu Adisu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Bovine Trypanosomosis is one of the most parsimoniously challenging diseases in influencing mammals like cattle and it is a grave haemoprotozoan disease triggered by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, and the influence of associated risk factors on cattle reared in Chora district of Buno Bedele Zone. A Blood sample was collected from a total of 401 cattle of age ranges from 1 to 6 years. The presence of parasites from sampled blood was examined using a method of Buffy Coat Technique and a technique of Giemsa-stained thin blood films was used to identify the existing trypanosome species in the study area. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of collected blood samples was determined using haematocrit. A total of 50 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. In general, 2.99 % of the studied cattle were infected with Trypanosomosis and the T.Vivax (58.33%) was the dominant species of trypanosomosis and followed by T. congulense (41.67%) in the study area. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed due to associated risk factors viz. Body Condition and age of cattle, whereas sampling sites and sex did not significantly affect the prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis. The mean PCV value of Parasitaemic and Aparasitaemic animals were 21.37 ± 0.19 and 27.89 ± 0.16, respectively and they were statistically different at (P< 0.05). Overall of 0.80 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study area and among the caught flies of Glossina species, 10%, 54% and 36% of them were, G.tachinoides, G.pallidipes and G.fuscipes, respectively. Therefore, the veterinarian’s has to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation and Bedele NTTICC has to take more focus to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies as well as biting flies for the transmission of high incidence of T. Vivax through mechanical ways of transmission of the disease.

scholarly journals Study on Bovine Trypanosomosis and Tse Tse Fly Challenge in Darimu District of Birbir Valley, South Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Teferi Benti
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

This study was undertaken on bovine trypanosomia sis and its vectors at Birbir valley located in Darmu district, Illubababor zone. The parasitological examination was conducted using Buffy coat technique while vector survey was conducted using odour baited Monopyramidal trap. The objective of the study w as to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cattle, to determine fly density and to identify associated risk factors. From 392 Blood samples were collected, 45(11.5%) were found to be positive by Buffy coat technique and trypanosome species identi fied by their motility were T.congolense 40 (88.9%) and T.vivax 5(11.1 %) and Trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species. A total of 52 Monopyramidal traps were deployed and 1836 (73%) tsetse flies and 676(26.9%) biting flies were caught. From flies c aptured, 971(52.9%), 540(29.4%) and 325(17.7%) Glossina morsitans sub morsitans of savannah flies, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes of reverine and Glossina pallidipes of savannah species were identified respectively. The overall apparent densities fly / trap / day (FTD) were 17.7 and 6.5 for tsetse and biting flies respectively. There was no statically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of trypanosome infection between sex group while statistically significant difference was observed between age group(x 2 =41.0, p=0.000 , p<0.05). The mean PCV of the parasitemic and aparasitemic animals were 21.3% and 24.3% respectively .The difference between the mean PCV value of the parasitemic and apparasitemic animals were statistically significant(P< 0.05). Designing and implementation of trypanosomosis control should be targeted to the major cyclically transmitting tsetse flies.

scholarly journals TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangio FERRARI ◽  
Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽  
Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽  
Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽  
Odemari Miranda FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

A study of manual toothbrushing skills in children aged 3 to 11 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mentes ◽  
Julide Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrushing management and ability of children in relation to age and gender. The study population consisted of 75 children and were divided into three equal groups as 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 years of age.The grip type during toothbrushing was recorded on videotape.The most preferred grip types were distal (73%) followed by power (43%) and oblique grips (29%). There were a statistically significant differences between age groups and the grip types (p&lt;0.001) but no significant difference was seen between boys and girls in grip preferences (p&gt;0.05).The mean duration of toothbrushing was shorter in 3-5 years of age group (28 seconds) than the 6-8 and 9-11 age groups (35 and 47 seconds respectively).

scholarly journals A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF TYPICALLY DEVELOPING INDIAN CHILDREN ON MOTOR FREE VISUAL PERCEPTUAL TEST-4 (MVPT-4)

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Dr. Sheetal Gupta ◽  
Dr. Anita Gupta ◽  
Dr. Sushmita Ahirwal
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Perceptual Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indian Students

Visual perception is the process by which individuals assign meaning, understanding, and interpretation to what they have seen. The aim of this study was to determine the visual perceptual skills of typically developing Indian children on MVPT-4. A sample of 180 typically developing Indian students were included in the study using convenience sampling method. They were divided in six age groups with age ranging from 6years to 12 years with 30 children in each age group. It was found that visual perceptual skills of typically developing Indian children in 6-12 years of age group can be assessed using MVPT-4. Analysis was done using One-way Anova to compare the mean raw score of each age group. There was a significant difference between the age groups at statistical value of p< 0.001. The score improved with age, signifying refined and matured visual perceptual skills in older children. Age influences visual-perceptual skills of these children. This study also provides a foundation for further researches and highlights the importance of MVPT-4 as a screening tool to be used by the occupational therapist in order to assess the visual perceptual skills of children.

Effect of Age on Individual Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Normal Eyes as Measured with Ultrasound Pachymeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Pachymeter

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine age-relatedvariation in the thickness of the corneal epithelium using ultrasound pachymeter. Methods: One hundred three patients were enrolled in this study and grouped according to age: Group A (< 30 years), group B (31-40 years), group C (41-50 years), group D (51-60 years), group E (61-70), and group F (> 71). Total corneal and corneal epithelial thickness measurements were made using the SonogageCorneo-Gage Plus 2 (Cleveland, Ohio) ultrasound pachymeter. Correlations of central epithelial thickness with central total corneal thickness, age, and gender were calculated. In addition, mean central epithelial thickness (CET) was measured. One-way ANOVA testing and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test and Pearson correlation were performed to analyze data. Results: The mean epithelial thickness at the central cornea was 47.88±1.15 μm, with no statistically significant difference between right and left eyes, and no significant differences in gender or central total corneal thickness. The difference in mean epithelial thickness across age groups was statistically significant (p <0.008). The mean epithelial thickness of the > 71 years group was significantly thinner than that of the < 30 years, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years age groups. Conclusions: Ultrasound pachymeter of the corneal epithelium demonstrated that the oldest age group (> 71 years) had significantly thinner central corneal epithelial thickness than the younger age groups. There was no correlation between epithelial thickness, total corneal thickness, gender, or laterality.

scholarly journals Mandibular Canal Location and Cortical Bone Thickness in Males and Females of Different Age Groups: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Sherif Shafik El-Bahnasy ◽  
Magdy Youakim ◽  
Mohamed Shamel ◽  
Hisham El Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Mean

AIM: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the prevalence of mandibular canal (MC) location variations in regard to mandibular first molars in both genders at different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 80 cone-beam computed tomography scans. Distance between MC and apical apices of first molars, buccal and lingual cortical plates was measured in both sides. RESULTS: 80 scans with 160 sides were analyzed. Distances was measured bilaterally for all scans with mean (5.22 ± 0.77) in men versus (4.1 ± 0.7) in women at group age 31–40 apical to apices of first molars. The mean was (3.77 ± 0.62) in men versus (2.81 ± 0.47) in women at same age group at buccal side, lingually the mean was (4.02 ± 0.67) in men versus (3.67 ± 0.26) in women in the same age group. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there were decrease in measurements in older age group in both genders and in female groups more than male groups but with no statistical significant difference.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and its Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Communities Surrounding Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kizza ◽  
Michael Ocaido ◽  
Anthony Mugisha ◽  
Rose Azuba ◽  
Sarah Nalule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Bovine trypanosomosis transmitted by tsetse flies is a major constraint to cattle health and productivity in sub- Saharan countries including Uganda. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its associated risk factors and the species of trypanosomes associated with the disease.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted around Murchision Falls National Park, Uganda from January 2020 to April 2020. Blood samples were collected from 460 cattle and were screened for trypanosomes using ITS-PCR. Results: From 460 samples collected, 136 (29.6%) of the samples were positive for trypanosomosis infections while 324 (70.4%) samples were negative. The overall trypanosome prevalence was 29.6% (95% CI 25.4-33.8). T. vivax (n = 130, 28.3%) was the most prevalent trypanosome specie detected and two mixed infection types (T.vivax + T. congolense (n = 2, 0.4%) and T.vivax + T. brucei (n = 1.0, 0.2%) were detected during the analysis. There was a significant difference when Trypanosome prevalence was compared with sex, age, breed of the sampled animals (P < 0.05 for sex), (P = 0.0043 for age) and (P = 0.001 for breed). Conclusion; Trypanosomosis is still a major limitation to cattle production around Murchision Falls National Park and interventions are urgently needed .The prevalence of trypanosomosis was high and T.vivax was identified as the major trypanosome species in the cattle herd.

scholarly journals Trypanosomosis, Its Risk Factors, and Anaemia in Cattle Population of Dale Wabera District of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Biyazen ◽  
Reta Duguma ◽  
Mebratu Asaye
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Haematological Analysis ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Cross-sectional study was conducted in Dale Wabera district of Kellem Wollega zone, Western Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to evaluate association of bovine trypanosomosis to anaemia. Blood samples collected from 384 randomly selected cattle were subjected to parasitological and haematological analysis. For the parasitological survey, blood samples were examined using a buffy coat technique. The packed cell volume (PCV) value of each animal was also measured using hematocrit reader. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 2.86%. The most common trypanosome species identified were Trypanosoma congolense (63.64%) followed by T. vivax (27.27%) and T. brucei (9%). The prevalence showed no significant difference in susceptibility between sex categories, age groups, and different body conditioned animals. The overall anaemia prevalence in the area was 19.27%. The anaemia prevalence was significantly higher in trypanosome positive cattle (54.54%) than in noninfected animals (18.23%) (P < 0.05). The mean PCV value of the infected animals was lower (22.36%±7.39%) compared to noninfected animals (27.86±5.38%). There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the PCV values of infected and noninfected animals. In conclusion, this study confirmed that trypanosomosis poses a threat to cattle production in the area and also contributed to the occurrence of anaemia.

ENDOCRINE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER THE MENARCHE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
R.-L. Kantero ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
O. Widholm
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT In an endocrine survey of healthy girls aged 8 to 20 years before and after the menarche the serum TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay along with some parameters of thyroid function which are described separately. The subjects were grouped according to the skeletal age (SA) until the menarche and after this in the post-menarcheal age (PMA) expressed in years. The TSH value was highest in the youngest age group and from then on decreased. However, within 0.5 years after the menarche another significantly elevated TSH peak occurred. There was no significant difference between the means for TSH before (5.4 μU/ml) and after the menarche (5.7 μU/ml). Both values, however, as well as the means for almost all the individual age groups, were significantly higher than the mean for 13 boys aged 12 to 16 years (3.9 μU/ml) and that for normal adults (3.6 μU/ml). When the girls were grouped according to the stage of puberty, the TSH peak at the time of menarche disappeared. When they were grouped according to SA, a gradual declining trend was seen from age 8 to 16 years. It is concluded that the maturation process in girls in some way involves a significant elevation of serum TSH and an increase in the total and free T4 level which is not dependent on binding proteins.

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