scholarly journals The Cataleptic, Asymmetric, Analgesic, and Brain Biochemical Effects of Parkinson’s Disease Can Be Affected by Toxoplasma gondii Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Taherianfard ◽  
Moslem Riyahi ◽  
Mostafa Razavi ◽  
Zahedeh Bavandi ◽  
Narges Eskandari Roozbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Nociceptive Behavior ◽  
Pd Control ◽  
Nissl Body

Purpose. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor defects. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine whether catalepsy, asymmetry, and nociceptive behaviors; the Nissl-body and neuron distribution; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); malondialdehyde (MDA); total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels; and the percentage of dopamine depletion of striatal neurons in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be affected by Toxoplasma gondii (TG) infection. Methods. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: control (intact rats), sham (rats which received an intrastriatal injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)), PD control (induction of PD without TG infection), TG control (rats infected by TG without PD induction), and PD infected (third week after PD induction, infection by TG was done). PD was induced by the unilateral intrastriatal microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and ELISA quantified dopamine, BDNF, MDA, and TAC in the striatum tissue. Cataleptic, asymmetrical, nociceptive, and histological alterations were determined by bar test, elevated body swing test, formalin test, and Nissl-body and neuron counting in the striatal neurons. Results. The results demonstrated that PD could significantly increase the number of biased swings, descent latency time, and nociceptive behavior and decrease the distribution of Nissl-stained neurons compared to the control and sham groups. TG infection significantly improved biased swing, descent latency time, nociceptive behavior, and the Nissl-body distribution in striatal neurons in comparison to the PD control group. The striatal level of BDNF in the PD-infected and TG control groups significantly increased relative to the PD control group. The striatal MDA was significantly higher in the PD control than other groups, while striatal TAC was significantly lower in the PD control than other groups. Conclusions. The current study indicates that TG infection could improve the cataleptic, asymmetric, nociceptive and behaviors; the level of striatal dopamine release; BDNF levels; TAC; and MDA in PD rats.

Current Therapeutic Strategies and Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4738-4746
Author(s):  
Mohan K. Ghanta ◽  
P. Elango ◽  
Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.

scholarly journals Validation of Cognitive Rehabilitation as a Balance Rehabilitation Strategy in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Aida Arroyo-Ferrer ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez-Cuesta ◽  
Yeray González-Zamorano ◽  
María Dolores del Castillo ◽  
Carolina Sastre-Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. This disease is characterized by motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Although balance impairment is characteristic of advanced stages, it can be present with less intensity since the beginning of the disease. Approximately 60% of PD patients fall once a year and 40% recurrently. On the other hand, cognitive symptoms affect up to 20% of patients with PD in early stages and can even precede the onset of motor symptoms. There are cognitive requirements for balance and can be challenged when attention is diverted or reduced, linking a worse balance and a higher probability of falls with a slower cognitive processing speed and attentional problems. Cognitive rehabilitation of attention and processing speed can lead to an improvement in postural stability in patients with Parkinson’s. Methods: We present a parallel and controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) to assess the impact on balance of a protocol based on cognitive rehabilitation focused on sustained attention through the NeuronUP platform (Neuronup SI, La Rioja, Spain) in patients with PD. For 4 weeks, patients in the experimental group will receive cognitive therapy three days a week while the control group will not receive any therapy. The protocol has been registered at trials.gov NCT04730466. Conclusions: Cognitive therapy efficacy on balance improvement may open the possibility of new rehabilitation strategies for prevention of falls in PD, reducing morbidity, and saving costs to the health care system.

scholarly journals Palmitate and Stearate are Increased in the Plasma in a 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuri Shah ◽  
Pei Han ◽  
Mung-Yee Wong ◽  
Raymond Chang ◽  
Cristina Legido-Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Curative Therapy

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, without any widely available curative therapy. Metabolomics is a powerful tool which can be used to identify unexpected pathway-related disease progression and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, metabolomics in brain, plasma and liver was investigated in an experimental PD model, to discover small molecules that are associated with dopaminergic cell loss. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline for the vehicle control group into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to induce loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Plasma, midbrain and liver samples were collected for metabolic profiling. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed metabolites that were altered in the PD group. Results: In plasma, palmitic acid (q = 3.72 × 10−2, FC = 1.81) and stearic acid (q = 3.84 × 10−2, FC = 2.15), were found to be increased in the PD group. Palmitic acid (q = 3.5 × 10−2) and stearic acid (q = 2.7 × 10−2) correlated with test scores indicative of motor dysfunction. Monopalmitin (q = 4.8 × 10−2, FC = −11.7), monostearin (q = 3.72 × 10−2, FC = −15.1) and myo-inositol (q = 3.81 × 10−2, FC = −3.32), were reduced in the midbrain. The liver did not have altered levels of these molecules. Conclusion: Our results show that saturated free fatty acids, their monoglycerides and myo-inositol metabolism in the midbrain and enteric circulation are associated with 6-OHDA-induced PD pathology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of quality of life and psychological aspects of Parkinson's disease patients who participate in a support group

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ribeiro Artigas ◽  
Vera Lúcia Widniczck Striebel ◽  
Arlete Hilbig ◽  
Carlos Roberto de Mello Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that can dramatically impair patient quality of life (QoL). Objective: To analyze the QoL, motor capacity, depression, anxiety and social phobia of individuals who attended a patient support group (PSG) compared to non-participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample consisted of 20 individuals with PD who attended a PSG and another 20 PD patients who did not attend a support group for PD patients, serving as the control group (nPSG). All patients answered questionnaires on motor capacity (UPDRS), QoL (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire- PDQ-39), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and social phobia (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale). To determine data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was performed. For comparison of means, Student's t-test was applied. In cases of asymmetry, the Mann-Whitney test was employed. To assess the association between the scales, Pearson's correlation coefficient (symmetric distribution) and Spearman's coefficient (asymmetric distribution) were applied. For the association between qualitative variables, Pearson's Chi-squared test was performed. A significance level of 5% (p≤0.05) was adopted. Results: Individuals in the PSG had a significantly better QoL (p=0.002), and lower depression (p=0.026), anxiety (p<0.001) and social phobia (p=0.01) scores compared to the nPSG. Conclusion: The participation of PD patients in social activities such as support groups is associated with better QoL and fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety and social phobia.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SESAMOL IN ASSOCIATION WITH FOLIC ACID ON 6-OHDA INDUCED PARKINSONIAN ANIMALS- BIOCHEMICAL, NEUROCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadira Sereen ◽  
Vijayalakshmi K ◽  
Priya Nagappan ◽  
Shinu Balima
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the world’s second neurodegenerative disorder. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of the disease. Here is a novel approach to treat PD with a phenolic compound Sesamol (SA) and in combination with Folic acid (FA).Methods: The study was designed with five groups of animals and 6 rats in each group. The rats was infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (10μg/2μl in 0.1% ascorbic acid saline) once for the development of PD, Group 1(control), Group 2(Lesion), Group 3(Lesion+ SA), Group 4(Lesion + SA+ FA) and Group 5(Lesion+ L-dopa). The biochemical parameter like glucose, triglycerides, protein, folic acid, TBARS and antioxidant profile in serum were estimated. The neurotransmitters level in striatum was estimated and histopathology of striatum and mid-brain tissues was carried out.Results: The results showed that 6-hydroxydopamine induced lesion has a significant alteration in the level of glucose, triglycerides, protein and folic acid where as TBARS level was elevated and the activities of antioxidants and neurotransmitters level were reduced. This was significantly restored on SA+FA treatment. The lesion group shows an abnormal architecture of striatum and mid-brain, whereas on SA+FA treatment there was minimal abnormality.Conclusion: Thus our study demonstrates that Sesamol has neuroprotective effect against 6-hydroxy dopamine insult and showed a synergic effect when combined with Folic acid.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Sesamol, Folic acid, 6-Hydroxy dopamine, Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant

scholarly journals Cholecalciferol attenuates induced Parkinson’s like-disease variation and cellular morphology of striatum and substantial Nigra

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1258-1273
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekeye ◽  
A.K. Adefule ◽  
P Shallie ◽  
H.B. Akpan ◽  
D.A. Adekomi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Mice Model

Parkinson’s disease is the commonest motor neurodegenerative disorder which affects the dopaminergic neurons and causes significant loss of dopamine. 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a selective neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal pathway leading to this motor disorder. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) has been described as an active neurosteriod with antioxidant properties ubiquitously present in the brain. The study hypothesized that stimulation of vitamin D receptor by cholecalciferol could reduce autophagic cell death and degeneration following a state of drug induced parkinsonism in mice. The aim of the research was to observe the cytoarchitectural, histochemical, neurobehavioural and immunohistochemical effects of cholecalciferol on striatum and substantia nigra in mice model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease. Fifty adult male C57BL/6J mice weighing about 25-35g were randomly selected and assigned into 5 groups for this study. The mice were then subjected to neurobehavioural, neurochemical and neuropathological evaluations. The results obtained showed a significant reduction (*p<0.05) in the estimated markers of oxidative stress with high dose of vitamin D3 following MPTP induction. There was also statistical significant reduction (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001) in the expression of GFAP-immuno-positive cells in the substantia nigra of the experimental mice when compared with the control group. It can be inferred that the administration of Vitamin D3 was associated with significant attenuation of focal effects linked with MPTP in mice model of Parkinson’s Disease.Keywords: Aging, Neurodegeneration, Dopaminergic neuron, Vitamin D3, Environmental toxins

scholarly journals Dual-Task-Based Drum Playing with Rhythmic Cueing on Motor and Attention Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Randomized Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10095
Author(s):  
Jin-Kyoung Park ◽  
Soo Ji Kim
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Motor Movement

Although there have been increasing reports regarding the effectiveness of dual-task interventions in rehabilitation, the scope of this research is limited to gross motor movement, such as gait among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To expand the dual-task paradigm to upper extremity motor and attention control in PD, drum playing with modulation of musical elements was attempted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a drum playing intervention with rhythmic cueing on upper extremity motor control and attention control in patients with PD. Twelve participants were randomly assigned to the drum playing intervention with rhythmic cueing group or the control group. The results showed that the drum playing with rhythmic cueing (DPRC) group significantly increased their sustained time of entrainment (45 BPM) and their latency time until entrainment from pretest to posttest. For the DPRC group, the latency time until entrainment was significantly improved, and improvements in cognitive measures were also found. This study shows that DPRC has great potential to improve upper extremity motor control and attention control and supports the development of new interventions that include this technique for rehabilitation in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Falls Prevention and Quality of Life Improvement by Square Stepping Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Project Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Asunción Mayoral-Moreno ◽  
Carlos Alexis Chimpén-López ◽  
Laura Rodríguez-Santos ◽  
María Isabel Ramos-Fuentes ◽  
Francisco José Vaz-Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stepping Exercise

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects physical, psychological, and social quality of life. Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an effective balance training program to prevent falls and to stimulate cognitive function in the elderly; however, no study has analyzed the effect of SSE in people with PD. The main objective is to investigate whether the application of SSE is safe, applicable, and can improve balance, and is effective in preventing falls, improving cognitive and psychological aspects and thus maximize quality of life in people with PD. Methods/Design: SSE will be performed three times per week for 8 weeks with an additional month follow-up after the intervention. Sixty people with PD will participate, randomly distributed into two groups: experimental group (SSE: n = 30) and control group (Usual care: n = 30). The primary measurements will be: (1) Applicability, (2) Safety, (3) Balance, and (4) Annual number of falls. Secondary measurements will be: (1) Sociodemographic information, (2) Physical condition, (3) Health-related quality of life, (4) Depressive symptoms, (5) Cognitive aspects, (6) Perceived functional social support, and (7) Anticipatory cognition.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Literature Review of SNCA Variants in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Zhi Song ◽  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Familial Form ◽  
Significant Difference

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder. Aging, environmental factors, and genetics are considered as risk factors. The alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA), the first pathogenic gene identified in a familial form of PD, was indisputably involved as a heritable component for familial and sporadic PD. In this study, whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to evaluate the association between the SNCA gene variants and PD. The genetic data of 438 clinically diagnosed patients with PD and 543 matched control populations of the Han Chinese were analyzed. The literature review of SNCA variants for 231 cases reported in 89 articles was extracted from the PubMed and the Movement Disorder Society Genetic mutation database. No potentially causative variant(s) in the SNCA gene, excepting two single-nucleotide nonsynonymous variants c.158C&gt;T (p.A53V, rs542171324) and c.349C&gt;T (p.P117S, rs145138372), were detected. There was no statistically significant difference in the genotypic or allelic frequencies for either variant between the PD group and the control group (all P &gt; 0.05). No copy number variants of the SNCA gene were detected. The results of this study suggest that the variants in the exons of the SNCA gene may have less or no role in the development of PD in the Han Chinese populations. The literature review suggests that psychiatric signs and cognitive decline/dementia were more common among patients with SNCA duplication or triplication (psychiatric signs: χ2 = 7.892, P = 0.005; cognitive decline/dementia: χ2 = 8.991, P = 0.003).

scholarly journals Blink and masseter inhibitory reflexes in Parkinson's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Jelena Stamenovic ◽  
Stojanka Djuric ◽  
Vanja Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Yahr Scale

Background/Aim. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with prevalence from 60 to 187 per 100 000 persons in general population. The aim of the study was to determine the abnormalities of the blink reflex (BR) and the masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) in parkinsonian patients, as indices of the functional status of brainstem neuronal network, and abnormality level dependence on disease progression. Methods. The investigation was conducted at the Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Nis, comprising a group of 60 subjects of both sexes, suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease in I-IV stages, according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. The control group included 30 healthy subjects of both sexes and corresponding age. Testing of the patients was performed during the 'on' phase by registering MIR and BR. Results. Latency of polysynaptic R2 and R2' blink reflex responses and latency of polysynaptic S2 response, as well as a silent period of MIR, are linearly shortened in the subjects with PD, and more expressed in the subsequent stages of the disease compared to the control group. Conclusion. There is a positive correlation between the applied neurophysiological tests results and clinical stage of PD.

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