scholarly journals Dietary Practices, Nutrient Adequacy, and Nutrition Status among Adolescents in Boarding High Schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Calista Nicholaus ◽  
Haikael D. Martin ◽  
Neema Kassim ◽  
Athanasia O. Matemu ◽  
Judith Kimiywe
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Recommended Daily Allowance ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Kilimanjaro Region ◽  
Daily Allowance

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary practices, nutrient adequacy, and nutrition status among 164 adolescents aged between 16 and 19 years in boarding secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. In-depth interviews and a survey guided by a semistructured and structured questionnaire, including 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire techniques, were used to collect information. Nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels. WHO AnthroPlus software and NutriSurvey software were used to analyze anthropometry and dietary data, respectively. Diet in boarding schools was monotonous comprising mainly of cereal-legume meal with low intake of animal sources, fruits, and vegetables. Mean intake of energy, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and zinc was 1392 kcal, 24.8 mg, 9.2 mg, 134.5 mg, and 4.3 mg, respectively, which were below the Recommended Daily Allowance. The average carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake of 471.9 g, 73.7 g, and 80.7 g, respectively, were slightly higher than the Recommended Daily Allowance in both sexes. Male had a significantly higher intake of protein and carbohydrates (P<0.001). Female had a significantly (P<0.001) high intake of fat compared to male adolescents. Overall, 23.1% of the adolescents were anaemic, 25% were overweight, and 6.1% were obese. Boarding secondary schools’ diet is monotonous and are inadequate in key micronutrients, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin C. There is a coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among adolescents in boarding schools. Therefore, monitoring adolescents’ dietary intake and nutrition status is a key in preventing adolescents’ malnutrition in the short term and diet-related diseases in the long term.

scholarly journals Dietary Sources and Nutrient Adequacy Potential of Local Foods among Children (6–23 Months) in Urban Slums of West Oromia (Ethiopia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wondu Garoma Berra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Background. Identifying the combination of local foods that optimize nutrient intake is challenging. This study addressed how local foods could be rationally combined to provide basic nutritional needs, while limiting the use of commercial foods among children in Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to estimate dietary intakes of 396 children (6–23 months of age) using 24-hour recall and WDR. Anthropometrics (weight and height) of the children was taken to calibrate energy and protein requirements to body sizes during ProPAN analysis. Model parameters were defined using dietary and market-survey data. ProPAN (2.0), SAS (9.2), and NutriSurvey for Windows were used for data analysis. Results. Age-specific optimal combinations of local foods that achieve nutrient adequacy set by the WHO/FAO (≥70% RDA) for 9 nutrients were successfully generated. Overall, the percentage of children consuming ≥ EAR for most nutrients obtained from median servings was 54.3%, 89.9%, 61.8%, 12.9%, 85.6%, 79.7%, and 34.2% for energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium, respectively. The percentage of RDA was 46.3% for zinc, 56.7% for vitamin A, 24.3% for vitamin C, and 40% for calcium among infants (6–11 months), whereas the respective percentage of RDA was 78.1% for zinc, 100% for vitamin A, 43.3% for vitamin C, and 50% for calcium in older children (12–23 months of age). However, careful combination of local foods, slightly complimented by commercial foods, has shown substantial improvement in nutrient adequacy, ensuring ≥99% RDA for all target nutrients. Conclusions. Careful combinations of local foods have the potential to achieve optimum dietary intakes of essential nutrients. However, minimal consideration of commercial foods has been inevitable, especially for infants aged 6–11 months.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Analysis Of Dietary Practices And Nutrition Status Of Female Undergraduate Students At Kenyatta University, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Waweru ◽  
Peter Chege ◽  
Eunice Njogu
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Abstract Background The rapid changes in eating habits and lifestyles in Kenya have resulted to the overweight/obesity transition. Students are likely to make poor food choices which may affect their nutrition status during the beginning of college and this may continue throughout their life. This study aimed to establish the dietary practices, assess nutrition status based on body mass index and the relationship between dietary diversity and nutrition status of female undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Kenya.Method s: The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design involving sample of 422 female undergraduate students randomly selected from Kenyatta University. Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women and Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to assess the dietary practices of the female students. Weight and height were measured to assess the nutrition status of the female students.Results The results showed that 64.0% of the participants had consumed ≥ 5 food groups while 36% had consumed <5 food groups over a period of 24 hours. In terms of nutrition status, 68.4% of the participants had normal Body Mass Index while 23.9% were overweight, 5.55% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women was significantly associated with nutrition status (p=0.044).Conclusion The results illustrated unhealthy eating habits and sub-optimal nutrition status among a significant number of the female students. Policy makers should scale up interventions that would help improve dietary practices of women of reproductive age particularly university students.

A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIETARY PRACTICES AND NUTRITION STATUS OF FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, KENYA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Waweru ◽  
Peter Chege ◽  
Eunice Njogu
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The rapid changes in eating habits and lifestyles in Kenya have resulted to the overweight/obesity transition. Students are likely to make poor food choices which may affect their nutrition status during the beginning of college and this may continue throughout their life. This study aimed to establish the dietary practices, assess nutrition status based on body mass index and the relationship between selected dietary practices and nutrition status of female undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Kenya. Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design involving sample of 422 female undergraduate students randomly selected from Kenyatta University. Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women were used to assess dietary practices. Weight and height were measured to assess the nutrition status of the female students. Results The results showed that 64.0% of the participants had consumed ≥ 5 food groups while 36% had consumed <5 food groups over a period of 24 hours. In terms of nutrition status, 68.4% of the participants had normal BMI while 23.9% were overweight, 5.55% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. MDDS-W was significantly associated with nutrition status (p=0.044). Conclusion The results illustrated unhealthy eating habits and sub-optimal nutrition status among a significant number of the female students. Policy makers should scale up interventions that would help improve dietary practices of women of reproductive age particularly university students.

Risks of aflatoxin exposure among adolescents in boarding schools in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
C. Nicholaus ◽  
H.D. Martin ◽  
A. Matemu ◽  
J. Kimiywe ◽  
N. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kilimanjaro Region

School feeding in low-income countries is dominated by cereals and legumes, which are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination but are usually not assessed for aflatoxins. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess aflatoxin exposure among adolescents through consumption of school meals in Kilimanjaro region. Food frequency questionnaires and 24 h dietary recalls were used to collect information on food consumption. At least four samples of common food used in school meals were collected. A deterministic approach was used to estimate the dietary aflatoxin exposure. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse presence of aflatoxin contamination. Results showed that, maize based food and beans were consumed on daily basis. The intake of maize flour and dehulled maize ranged from 17.5 to 738.2 g and 28.2 to 272 g per person per day respectively. Furthermore, consumption of beans and rice were in the range of 121.1 to 595.2 g and 15.7 to 42.2 g per person per day respectively. Total aflatoxins ranged 0.20-438.53 μg/kg (median 2.30 μg/kg). The highest contamination range (0.59-438.53 μg/kg) was in maize while the lowest (0.20-3.41 μg/kg) was found in rice. Similarly, the highest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration (35.88 μg/kg) was in dehulled maize while the lowest (0.44 μg/kg) was in rice. The highest dietary exposure to total aflatoxins and AFB1 due to consumption of maize ranged from 0.70 to 973.45 ng/kg/bodyweight (bw)/day, and from 0.05-81.06 ng/kg/bw/day, respectively. This pronounced risk of exposure to aflatoxins might have been contributed by a monotonous maize based diet in boarding schools. These findings call for institutions immediate interventions, such as the use of appropriate storage technologies, sorting, cleaning and winnowing in order to remove damaged grains, thereby reducing the risk of dietary exposure to aflatoxins. Likewise, the relevant ministries should consider food diversification and routine risk assessments of the susceptible crops throughout the value chain as a long-term intervention plan at policy level.

scholarly journals Nutrient intakes of children aged 1–2 years as a function of milk consumption, cows’ milk or growing-up milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Ghisolfi ◽  
Marc Fantino ◽  
Dominique Turck ◽  
Geneviève Potier de Courcy ◽  
Michel Vidailhet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets in early childhood as a function of milk intake, cows’ milk (CM) or growing-up milk (GUM).DesignFrom a cross-sectional food consumption survey, two groups of children aged 1–2 years were defined: Group CM fed exclusively on CM ≥ 250 ml/d and Group GUM fed on GUM ≥ 250 ml/d. Proportions of children at risk of nutrient excess or insufficiency were estimated relative to the French Recommended Daily Allowances, Estimated Average Requirements or Adequate Intakes.SettingParents participating in the survey were recruited from all regions of France by a polling organization. Distribution was adjusted to that of the French population.SubjectsSixty-three (Group CM) and fifty-five (Group GUM) children.ResultsTotal energy and macronutrient intakes were similar in the two groups except protein intake of Group CM, which was much higher than the Recommended Daily Allowance and significantly higher than in Group GUM. A high percentage of children of Group CM had intake of linoleic acid (51 %) and α-linolenic acid (84 %) below the lower limit of the Adequate Intake, and intake of Fe (59 %) vitamin C (49 %) and alimentary vitamin D (100 %) less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Significant differences were observed in the proportions of children with a risk of dietary inadequacy between the two groups for all the mentioned nutrients (P < 0·001). In Group GUM, this imbalance was only observed for vitamin D. Intake of foods other than milk and dairy products could not account for these discrepancies.ConclusionsConsumption of CM (≥250 ml/d) entails the risk of insufficiency in α-linolenic acid, Fe, vitamin C and vitamin D. Use of GUM (≥250 ml/d) significantly reduces the risk of insufficiencies in the mentioned nutrients.

scholarly journals Nutrient Adequacy of Foods Eaten by Students Attending Boarding and Day Secondary Schools in Owo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Bolajoko ◽  
G Ogundahunsi ◽  
Olaide Folahan ◽  
B Odugbemi ◽  
Olanike Alakuro
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recall Procedure

The nutrient adequacy of foods eaten by students attending boarding and day secondary schools in Owo municipal was assessed. The study was carried out among two day secondary schools and two secondary schools with boarding facilities. A total of 200 students were systematically selected from the class register. The 24-hour dietary recall procedure was used to assess food consumption and nutrients intake. The nutrient intake of the student shows that the intake of energy was 98% of RDA while that of protein was above RDA 123%. However, vitamin A, E, B6 folic Acid and vitamin C were found to be lower than RDA as intakes were 38%, 21%, 62%, 55% and 23% respectively. Also mineral intake shows that there is low consumption of calcium 43% while Iron intake exceeded RDA 127%. However, there was no significant difference in the energy intake of the day and boarding student while intake of vitamin C was higher among day students. Access to low cost healthy local foods especially fruits and vegetables in school and at home should be encouraged.

scholarly journals BREAKFAST HABITS AND NUTRIENT ADEQUACY LEVEL OF SNACKS IS CORRELATED WITH NUTRITION STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENT IN SMPN 1 TUBAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chandramanda Dewi Damara ◽  
Lailatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Adolescent often skip breakfast, so snacks are usually used as substitute for breakfast at school. Some snacks have unbalanced nutrient content. An imbalance in nutrient intake can affect nutritional status of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between breakfast habits and nutrition adequacy level of snack with nutritional status of adolescents. The study design used in this study was cross sectional. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling with total sample of 77 students. Data on breakfast habits were obtained through questionnaires, while data on the adequacy level of snacks intake was obtained through 2x24 hours food recall. The correlation test used was spearman correlation. The results showed that there were correlation between breakfast habits, the adequacy level energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate of snacks with nutritional status. Adolescent with poor breakfast habits and high adequacy of nutritional levels of snacks tend to have more obesity nutritional status.

scholarly journals Nutrition Awareness and Oral Health among Dental Patients in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Manal M. H. Badrasawi ◽  
Nour H. Hijjeh ◽  
Rana S. Amer ◽  
Reema M. Allan ◽  
Mohammad Altamimi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patients

Nutrition plays a key role in oral and dental health. Similarly, oral health affects nutrition status and diet intake. Consumption of much cariogenic nutrients such as sugar affects dental and gum health. The awareness of dietary practices that affect the oral health is an essential component in the dental care system. The knowledge of the dietary factors that affect the oral health is a major component in the treatment plan. In this vein, this study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of nutrition information affecting oral health among dental patients who visit the private and university dental clinics in West Bank, Palestine. A total of 169 patients were invited to join the study and signed the consent form. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the required data which included patients’ sociodemographics, medical history, oral care practices, dietary practices, and oral health-related nutritional awareness. Face and content validity were verified, followed by a pilot study to determine the questionnaire reliability alpha, and the data were collected from October to November 2018. The Construct Validation was done using the Rasch measurement model, and the descriptive statistical analysis was done to determine the level of awareness and the difference among the groups using SPSS version 21. The total mean score of the nutrition awareness was (9.3 ± 2.8), with higher level of nutrition awareness among females, and the highest score was 16 out of 17. The good oral health condition was reported among 44%, fair 32%, poor 16%, and bad 10% while excellent oral health was reported among only 5% of the participants. There was no significant relationship between level of nutritional awareness with economic status, level of education, or area of living. For oral health, females showed significantly better oral and gum health levels (p<0.05). The overall level of nutrition knowledge among the participants is insufficient. These results point to the need for oral health and nutrition educational courses and programs to improve oral and nutritional awareness and knowledge among Palestinian people and dental patients in particular. Improving the dietary habits and oral practices with lifestyle changes should also be encouraged.

Nutritional composition of cereal filtrates-based beverages

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Samson Ishola Ibironke ◽  
Rafiu Olaposi Adeleke ◽  
Cornelius Adebayo Ajele ◽  
Otutu Olatunde ◽  
Meshach Morakinyo Ige
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Recommended Daily Allowance ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Daily Allowance

Purpose – The purpose of the study was to highlight the nutritive values and evaluate the safety level of beverages formulated from selected cereal filtrates in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The cereals that were used for the formulation of the beverages are: 100 percent white maize, 100 percent yellow maize, 50:50; white: yellow maize, and 100 percent sorghum bicolour. All the cereals were purchased from Odo-Ogbe market in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Findings – The results showed that the level of the minerals present in the cereal filtrates ranged from 39.1 to 43.6; 236 to 303; 362.4 to 462; 23.6 to 68.3; 26 to 41.5; 0.66 to 2.37; and 0.5 to 2.2 mg/100 g for sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), respectively. Microbial load ranged from 2.0 to 3.0×10−3 cfug. Results of nutritional composition such as percentage moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre ranged from 91 to 93, 1.5 to 1.75, 0.03 to 0.040, 0.25 to 1, 1.48 to 1.70 and 3.33 to 5.31 g/100 g, respectively, while the energy value ranged between 66.60 and 75.56 kcal. The values obtained for vitamin C and thiamin ranged from 0.30 to 0.40 and 0.56 to 0.70 mg/100 g, respectively. Originality/value – The micronutrients in the formulated beverages met the minimum recommended daily allowance and also possessed antimicrobial activities. However, the results showed that the proximate composition was high in water and low in other nutrients but still compared favourably with previous findings. It was concluded that the beverage produced from selected fermented cereal filtrates waste was safe and rich in micronutrients.

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