UJI EFEKTIFITAS SINBIOTIK KEFIR TEPUNG PISANG BATU TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DAN KADAR PROFIL LIPID TIKUS MODEL SINDROM METABOLIK Effectiveness Test of banana (Musa balbisiana) Flour Kefir Synbiotic on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile Level in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Model

Metabolic Syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and dyslipidemia which can be repaired through synbiotics. This study is to analyzed the effects of banana (Musa balbisiana) flour kefir synbiotic on blood glucose level and lipid profile level of Metabolic Syndrome rats. This is true experimental study with pre-posttest with control goup design of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 4 groups randomly. Negative control goup (K-) given standard food only, positive control group (K +) given standard food with High Fat Fructose Diet (HFFD), intervention group I (PI) and intervention group II (PII) were given standard food with HFFD and banana (Musa balbisiana) flour kefir synbiotic 1,8 ml/200 g weight/day (PI) and 3,6 ml/200 g weight/day (PII) for three weeks. Blood glucose level was analyzed using glucose oxidase-peroxidase amino antipyrine method, cholesterol level was analyzed using cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase amino antipyrine, and triglyceride level was analyze using glycerol 3 phosphate oxidase phenol amino phenazone method. Result of Analysis of Varian test shows significant differences in mean between group (p=0,000) followed by PostHoc Bonferroni test or Post Hoc Games-Howel test which showed a mean difference in the PI and PII groups. Banana (Musa balbisiana) flour kefir synbiotic can reduce blood glucose level and improve lipid profile level.

THE ACCEPTANCE OF BAKED GETUK (CASSAVA CAKE) WITH RICE BRAN AND RED BEANS SUBSTITUTION AS HIGH FIBER SNACK FOR ELDERLY

Rice bran and red beans are one of food items that contain high dietary fiber and can be processed into traditional snacks such as baked getuk (cassava cake). Elderly needs enough fiber to support their metabolism. This study aims to analyze the effect of rice bran and red bean substitution of getuk toward its acceptance and dietary fiber contents. This study was an experimental study with a completely randomized design. There were four treatments of rice bran and red beans substitution (F0 = 0% rice bran, 0% red beans); (F1 = 10% rice bran, 13% red beans); (F2 = 13% rice bran, 10% red beans), (F3 = 17% rice bran, 7% red beans). This study further involved 30 untrained elderly and pre- elderly panelists (45–80 years). Acceptance was measured using a hedonic questionnaire on a scale of 1 to 6. Statistical analysis of acceptability differences was completed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with α ≤ 0.05. In results, there were significant differences between F1, F2, F3, and F0 on all characteristics (color, aroma, texture, taste) with p = 0.001, and the acceptance rating from highest to lowest was F3, F2, F1, respectively. The organoleptic test results further showed that the panelists mostly preferred the F3 formula (17% rice bran and 7% red beans). There was no significant difference in dietary fiber content between each formula, F1 contains 9.250 grams of dietary fiber (30.8% RDA), F2 contains 9.242 grams of dietary fiber (30.8% RDA), and F3 contains 9.235 grams of dietary fiber (30.7% RDA). This study proved that rice bran and red red beans substitution to getuk improves its fiber content and also having good acceptability.

PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA LINN) TERHADAP HOMA-Β PADA TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 The effect of Tamarind Leaf (tamarindus indica linn) Extract on HOMA-β in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model

Nowadays the epidemiological burden of diabetes increases with long life-threatening symptoms and the effects of antidiabetic drugs. Lack of insulin activity is one of the signs of a drop in diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms in antidiabetic include stimulating β-Langerhans cells which secrete insulin and inhibit enzyme activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving tamarind leaf extract on levels of homa-β in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. This study used 30 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks with a bodyweight of 150-200 grams and separated into 5 groups. The first group is KN group (DMT2 mice + standard diet), group 2 is KP (DMT2 + Acarbose mice), group 3 is P1 (DMT2 mice + tamarind leaf extract 28 mg / 200gr / day), group 4 is P2 (rat DMT2 + tamarind leaf extract 56 mg/200gr/day), and group 5 is P3 (DMT2 rat + tamarind leaf extract 112 mg / 200gr / day). The measurement method for Homa-β is to use a standardized formula and use the results of blood tests for fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. The results of the inter-variable study using one-way Anova found a significant difference between the levels of homa-β and the administration of tamarind leaves extract in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus model (p <0.05). There were significant differences in the 5 treatment groups. On the 7th day, there was an increase in homa-β levels in the KP, P1, P2, and P3 groups while in the KN group decreased in homa-β levels. The P3 group was seen to have the highest increase in homa-β levels in the 14th day, but on the 14th day there was no significant difference between the acarbose drug group (99.57 ± 6.41) and the P3 group (15.09 ± 1, 71). The conclusion was the administration of tamarind extract at a dose of 28.56, and 112 mg/kgBW/day significantly increased levels of HOMA-β for 7 and 14 days in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

DIETARY INTAKE AND SUN EXPOSURE RELATED TO VITAMIN D CONCENTRATION IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Vitamin D has an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone minerals during rapid growth periods. Several studies have shown that deficiency of vitamin D occurs in thalassemia patient. The study used literature review to determine relation of dietary intake and sun exposure with vitamin D concentration in thalassemia patiens in 29 literatures. Those literatures were taken from books and articles published from 2010 to 2019 with the keywords “thalassemia”, “dietary intake”, “sun exposure” and “vitamin D” using database in Pubmed, Google Scholar and Medline. The results of 29 literatures showed that vitamin D deficiency is caused by reduced dietary intake and impaired vitamin D hydroxylation in the liver due to hemochromatosis resulting in high serum ferritin. Source of vitamin D comes from endogenous synthesis with sunlight exposure and little dietary source of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Another food intake can also affect serum vitamin D concentration, mainly fat and protein intake. Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin, it can be stored in the fat for later metabolized in the liver. Protein is required to transport vitamin D to blood circulation, enzyme formation and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Thalassemia patients need to increase of macro and micronutrients requirement. Low Hb concentration causes fatigue, tired easily and decreased appetite. A lot of research on thalassemia children found that intake of energy and protein were lower than recommended and lack of sun exposure. These conditions will affect to vitamin D concentration. A comprehensive understanding in the relationship of dietary intake and sun exposure to vitamin D concentration in thalassemia patients is explained in this mini review. Maintaining normal vitamin D concentration through adequate dietary intake and sun exposure are very important to optimize growth in thalassemia patients.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI TB/U DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF, FISIK, DAN SOSIO-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH Association of Height-For-Age Nutritional Status with Cognitive, Physical, and Socio-Emotional Ability of Pre-School Children

Pre-school period is one of the most important times for children’s growth and development. If there is a growth and development disturbance at this time, it will impact when the child is growing up. One of the factors which related with growth of pre-school children is nutritional status of height for age. The purpose of the study was to analyzed the relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with the cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional abilities of pre-school age children. This research was an analytical observational study using a cross sectional design. Sample of this study was 35 pre-school children selected randomly using simple random sampling. Samples were student of TK Hang Tuah 22, Candi, Sidoarjo. Data collection instrument includes the questionnaire on the characteristics of the subject and the respondent, a Denver instrument Developmental Screening Test II (DDST/Denver II). Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between height for age nutritional status with cognitive abilities. However, there was no relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with physical and socio-emotional ability. The conclusion of the study is nutritional status of height for age has a significant association with cognitive abilities in pre-school children. Thus, parents need to monitor the nutritional status height for age of their children by measure the anthropometric result periodically and fulfill the nutritional needs of protein, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and others. Therefore, if there is any problem founded, it can be handled properly and will not affect the growth and development of the children.

EFFECT OF RED MULBERRY JUICE (MORUS RUBRA) ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN MALE WISTAR RATS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE

The increasing number of tobacco users will directly impact to an increase in the number of passive smokers. Various harmful substances that enter the respiratory tract can cause health problems. The airway will recognize these substances as pathogen and activate immune response accordingly. Inflammatory response becomes one of the effects of body compensation due to an increased pathogen. This effect is indicated by the elevation of C-Reactive Protein as one systemic inflammatory response parameters in the body. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of red mulberry juice to reduce levels of C-Reactive Protein in Wistar rats because exposure to cigarette smoke. This is an experimental study with a post-test control group design. Animals were divided into negative control group, positive control group, and 3 treatment groups with different red mulberry doses. The positive control group showed the highest increase in C-Reactive Protein levels compared with the red mulberry intake group (p<0,001). In conclusion, the administration of red mulberry juice can reduce inflammatory response in rats because of exposure to cigarette smoke.

FACTORS RELATED TO BODY IMAGE AND IT CORRELATION WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Adolescence is the transition period from children to adults. Adolescents, especially girls, are vulnerable to nutritional problem, one of the factors is due to the perception of body image. Body image can affect nutritional status if an individual has a negative body image, in which the perception that someone consciously or unconsciously cannot accept her body shape. It affects the behavior of adolescent girls related to nutrition to achieve their body goal in various ways that increase risk of becoming nutritional problems (under or over nutrition). The aims of this study is find out factors related to body image and it correlation with nutritional status in female adolescent using a literature review approach. This literature review research takes various sources of articles which published in the last 10 years (2010–2020) related to the research topics. Article were searched through the PubMed - Medline and Google Scholar databases using. Keywords ”body image”, ”nutritional status”, and ”adolescent girl”. Eighteen articles according to the topic and criteria were selected for review. Based on the results of the study, it was found that body image is related to the nutritional status of adolescent girls. This is related to the lack of nutritional knowledge of adolescent girls, which affects to an unhealthy and unbalanced diet. Besides, there is also a correlation of physical activity that is not balanced with food intake and the role of the environment such as family and friends which also affects knowledge, food intake, and body image of adolescent girls.

KORELASI TINGKAT ASUPAN LEMAK DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP LANJUT USIA Correlation between Fat Intake and Physical Activity with Quality of Life in Elderly

The quality of life of the elderly is determined by physical, emotional, intellectual, social, vocational, and spiritual. The importance of maintaining quality of life is always implemented by healthy living behaviors, eating safe and nutritious food balanced with physical activity to minimize the risk of degenerative diseases. Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus often occur in the elderly. This is caused by so often eating high-fat foods, and lack of physical activity, which can decrease the quality of life in elderly. This study aims to analyze correlation between the level of fat intake and physical activity with quality of life of elderly. Method used was a cross sectional design with 200 respondents. Data on fat intake was obtained by interview using 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire, while physical activity and Quality of Life used the Social Disengagement Index and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Spearman test (α = 0.05). This study shows that majority of respondents have a good quality of life at a moderate level of fat deficit intake and moderate activity. Results of statistical analysis, level of fat intake with quality of elderly life has a non-significant positive correlation (p> 0.05) with value of correlation is 0.086 or very weak, whereas physical activity has a significant positive correlation with quality of elderly life (p <0.05) with value of correlation is 0.216 or weak. This study concluded that it is important to keep doing physical activities to maintain physical fitness in elderly life.

PENGARUH ASUPAN SAYUR KANGKUNG (IPOMEA REPTANS POIR.) DAN OLAHRAGA RENANG TERHADAP INTENSITAS KECEMASAN PADA REMAJA LAKI-LAKI The Effect of Kangkong Vegetables (Ipomea reptans Poir.) and Swimming on Anxiety Intensity in Adolescent Male

High stress levels in adolescents can cause mental health disorders such as anxiety. Kangkong vegetables has nutrients superior in reducing anxiety, in 250 grams of kangkong vegetables contains carbohydrates (9,7 g), vitamin B1 (0,17 mg), vitamin C (42,5 mg), calcium (167,5 mg), zinc (1 mg), iron (5,7 mg), potassium (625,2 mg), sodium (162,5 mg), flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids for metabolism and increased hormone in the brain such as BDNF, GABA, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which reduce anxiety. Swimming has superior as a recreational effort in reducing anxiety, also keeps the body fit and relaxed for metabolism and increased hormones in the brain such as BDNF, GABA, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which reduce anxiety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of kangkong vegetables and swimming in the intensity of anxiety in adolescent. The study uses a quasi-experimental study design pre-post test control group design, involving 61 male students, taken from 3 senior high schools and grouped into 3: control group by giving swimming 2 times / week for 2 weeks (pool depth 120 cm and swimming duration for 60 minutes / exercise) (P0) (n=22), group by giving 250 grams of kangkong vegetables / day for 14 days (divided into 2) (P1) (n=19) and group by giving combination of kangkong vegetables and swimming (P2) (n=20). The results of the study used the ANOVA, the decrease in anxiety intensity in all groups not much different from the value (p=0.593). The conclusion this study is the giving of kangkong vegetables, swimming can reduce the intensity of anxiety in adolescent male.

RELATIONSHIP OF FORMER HISTORY OF DIARRHEA AND SANITATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN AGED 1–5 YEARS IN SIDOTOPO WETAN, SURABAYA

Stunting defines as an abnormal linear growth of children less than -2 standard deviations (SD) of the height measurements according to age. According to WHO (2013), the quality and quantity of nutrient intake and the presence of infectious diseases are directly associated with stunting, while hygiene and sanitation are indirectly associated with stunting. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between disease history and sanitation with the incidence of stunting in children aged 1-5 years in the working area of Sidotopo Wetan Health Center (Puskesmas), Surabaya City. This cross- sectional study was used secondary data from the survey of Puskesmas Sidotopo Wetan children under five - supervising program 2020 which included 166 children aged ≤ 5 years. The dependent variable was stunting, and the independent variables are the history of diarrheal disease and sanitation facilities. The results found that 77 children under five were stunting (46.40%), history of frequent diarrhea was 19.26%, history of the last one month of having diarrhea was 20.47%, permanent healthy toilet ownership 89%, and qualified trash bin were 46.97%. The results of the chi-square statistical test on the research variables further showed a positive relationship with a history of frequent diarrhea (p = 0.023) and diarrhea during the past month (p = <0.001) with the incidence of stunting. There was also a negative relationship between the toilet (p = <0.001) and trash bin ownership with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.023). Thus, this study concludes that the history of diarrhea and environmental sanitation factors of toilet and trash bin ownership have a relationship with the incidence of stunting in children under five years old. The stunting prevention program shall more consider the awareness of the parents and their kids about nutrient intake, practice of hygiene and sanitation in the house.