scholarly journals Men with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes May Have Different Change Patterns in Free Testosterone

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bo Ding ◽  
Feng-fei Li ◽  
Xiao-fang Zhai ◽  
Lei Ye ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. Type 2 diabetic (T2D) male patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels are at an increasing risk of all-cause mortality. However, the levels of TT in male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) remain largely unknown. Research Design and Methods. This was a single-center, open, observational study. The inclusion criteria were male patients who were diagnosed with LADA, and sex, body mass index, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels matched with those of T2D patients. Islet function/sensitivity and sex hormone concentrations were determined at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was the changes in androgen levels from baseline to 1-year follow-up in patients with LADA. Results. Our data showed that TT and Bio-T levels remained unchanged, while FT levels significantly decreased from baseline to 1-year follow-up in patients with T2D. However, TT, Bio-T, and FT concentrations dramatically increased in the LADA group from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, a Spearman analysis showed that changes of TT, FT, and Bio-T levels from baseline to endpoint were significantly negatively correlated with Δ homeostasis model assessment-2 IR (ΔHOMA2-IR), respectively. Conclusions. The FT change patterns in patients with LADA may differ from those in patients with T2D. Our data also indicated the significant negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and changes of TT, FT, and Bio-T levels along with the diabetic duration in patients with T2D and LADA.

A form of Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Named LADA – An Update on Essential Features and Controversies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdemar Grill ◽  
Bjørn O. Åsvold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in the Adult, LADA has been investigated less than “classical” type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the criteria for and the relevance of a LADA diagnosis has been challenged. Despite the absence of a genetic background that is exclusive to LADA, this form of diabetes displays phenotypic characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of diabetes. LADA is heterogeneous in terms of the impact of autoimmunity and lifestyle factors, something that poses problems as to therapy and follow-up perhaps particularly in those with marginal positivity. Yet, there appears to be clear clinical utility in classifying individuals as LADA.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Infection can Alter the Sex Hormones in Hospitalized Patients? A Longitudinal Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorandokht Afshari ◽  
Mehrnoosh Zakerkish ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Maryam Beheshtinasab ◽  
Elham Maraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Primary Assessment

Abstract Background: There is some evidence about alteration of sex hormones in patients with COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of sex hormones in female and male patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization and one month after discharge. Methods: The levels of sex hormones including estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and free testosterone were measured in 162 female and male patients with COVID-19 infection during hospitalization and one month after discharge. A demographic questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect the data. The ANCOVA test was used to compare the level of hormones in patients with severe and moderate disease. Results: In the primary assessment, 162 patients were assessed for serum levels of sex hormones, while a month after discharge, only 69 patients provided consent for assessment, and nine had passed away. During hospitalization, female patients with severe disease had an elevated level of estradiol (407.70±623.37 pg/mL) in comparison to those with a moderate disease (213.78±407.17 pg/mL). The levels of progesterone and LH were high during hospitalization, but there was a decrease in these levels after discharge. The reduction in the level of FSH in patients with severe disease was greater than in patients with moderate disease, which increased after discharge. While the level of testosterone decreased during hospitalization, the alteration of free testosterone was negligible in male patients.Conclusion: In this study, we observed alteration in sex hormones (increased level of estrogen, progesterone, LH and reduction in the level of FSH and total testosterone) in female and male patients, with the alteration being greater in the latter. Due to the attrition of patients in follow-up period, more studies are needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Estimation of serum testosterone concentration in type 2 diabetic males

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Satya Bhushan Nayyar ◽  
Karamvir Singh ◽  
Neha .
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been globally reported. The present study was aimed at determining the frequency of hypogonadism in T2DM males. Screening and management of hypogonadism in Diabetic males should be done.Methods: In this case control study conducted from January 2018 to August 2019 at SGRDIMSR Sri Amritsar 100 Type 2 Diabetic males were taken as cases. 50 age matched nondiabetic males were taken as controls. Apart from BMI and waist hip ratio routine investigations, HbA1C, serum total and free testosterone levels were done. All the subjects were subjected to ADAM questionnaire to evaluate for hypogonadism.Results: Majority of subjects were in the age of 40-50 years. Mean Serum Total Testosterone levels in Study and Control Groups were 4.94±5.32 nmol/L and 6.63±4.54 nmol/L respectively (p=0.045). Mean Serum Free Testosterone levels in Study and Control Groups were 4.12±3.43 pg/ml and 6.05±3.24 pg/ml respectively (p=0.001). A statistically highly significant negative correlation was found between BMI and Serum Testosterone levels in both groups. Prevalence of hypogonadism (Total Testosterone <4.56 nmol/L) in Study and Control Groups was 73% and 58% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ADAM questionnaire was found to be 78.46% and 94.29 % respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypogonadism among T2DM males is high. So, screening for hypogonadism should be done. ADAM questionnaire can be used as a screening tool, results must be confirmed with Serum Total Testosterone levels.

1639-P: Correlates and Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Male Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes, Classic Type 1 Diabetes, and Classic Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1639-P
Author(s):  
MEILI CAI ◽  
JINGYANG GAO ◽  
CHUNJUN SHENG ◽  
HONG LI ◽  
HUI SHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Male Patients

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypogonadism in Male Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes and Classic Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meili Cai ◽  
Ran Cui ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Jingyang Gao ◽  
Xiaoyun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Male Patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypogonadism between male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and investigate the risk factors for hypogonadism in these patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 367 male patients with LADA (n=73) and T2DM (n=294) who visited the endocrinology department of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital between January 2016 and October 2019 for diabetes management. Sex hormones, lipid profiles, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, beta-cell function, uric acid, and osteocalcin were determined in serum samples. Hypogonadism was defined as calculated free testosterone (cFT) less than 220 pmol/L along with the presence of symptoms (positive ADAM score).ResultsThe rate of hypogonadism in the LADA and T2DM group were 8.2, and 21.7%, respectively (p=0.017). After adjusting possible confounders, the rate of hypogonadism in the LADA group was comparable to those of the T2DM group. Univariate logistic regressions demonstrated that age, BMI, fasting C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and uric acid were associated with hypogonadism in men with diabetes, BMI, triglycerides and estradiol were independent risk for hypogonadism in men with diabetes.ConclusionThis is the first evidence to explore the rate of hypogonadism in male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA). In the population requiring admission to a large urban hospital in China, the rate of hypogonadism was comparable to those of the T2DM group after adjusting for possible confounders. BMI, triglycerides and estradiol were independently associated with the presence of HH in male diabetic patients.

LADA: A Type of Diabetes in its Own Right?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Valdemar Grill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in the Adult, LADA has been investigated less than “classical” type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the criteria for and the relevance of a LADA diagnosis have been challenged. Despite the absence of a genetic background that is exclusive for LADA this form of diabetes displays phenotypic characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of diabetes. LADA is heterogeneous in terms of the impact of autoimmunity and lifestyle factors, something that poses problems to therapy and follow-up, perhaps particularly in those with marginal positivity. Yet, there appears to be clear clinical utility in classifying individuals as LADA.

scholarly journals Free testosterone and cardiometabolic parameters in men: comparison of algorithms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine A. Holmboe ◽  
Ravi Jasuja ◽  
Brian Lawney ◽  
Lærke Priskorn ◽  
Niels Joergensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective. Calculating the free testosterone level has gained increasing interest and different indirect algorithms have been suggested. The objective was to compare free androgen index (FAI), free testosterone estimated using the linear binding model (Vermeulen: cFTV) and the binding framework accounting for allosterically coupled SHBG monomers (Zakharov: cFTZ) in relation to cardiometabolic conditions. Design. A prospective cohort study including 5,350 men, aged 30-70 years, participating in population-based surveys (MONICA I–III and Inter99) from 1982-2001 and followed until December 2012 with baseline and follow-up information on cardiometabolic parameters and vital status. Results. Using age-standardized hormone levels, FAI was higher among men with baseline cardiometabolic conditions, whereas cFTV and cFTZ levels were lower compared to men without these conditions as also seen for total testosterone. Men in highest quartiles of cFTV or cFTZ had lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (cFTV: HR=0.74 (0.49-1.10), cFTZ: HR=0.59 (0.39-0.91)) than men in lowest quartile. In contrast, men with highest levels of FAI had a 74% (1.17-2.59) increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to men in lowest quartile. Conclusion. The association of estimated free testosterone and the studied outcomes differ depending on algorithm used. cFTV and cFTZ showed similar associations to baseline and long-term cardiometabolic parameters. In contrast, an empiric ratio, FAI, showed opposite associations to several of the examined parameters and may reflect limited clinical utility.

scholarly journals Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): usefulness of anti-GAD antibody titers and benefit of early insulinization

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Weslley S. Rosário ◽  
Janice Sepulveda Reis ◽  
Tiago Alvarenga Fagundes ◽  
Maria Regina Calsolari ◽  
Ricardo Amim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Insulin Requirement ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Beta Cell Failure ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Antibody Titers

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and laboratory parameters and the progression to insulin requirement in two groups of LADA patients separated according to GADA titers, and to evaluate the benefit of early insulinization in patients at high risk of premature beta-cell failure (high GADA titers). METHODS: Among the diabetic adults seen at our service and screened for GADA at diagnosis, 54 were diagnosed with LADA and classified as having low (> 1 U/ml and < 17.2 U/ml) or high (> 17.2 U/ml) GADA titers. Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes (GADA-) were selected for comparison. In addition, 24 patients who had GADA titers > 20 U/ml and who were not initially insulinized were compared to 16 patients who were insulinized at diagnosis. RESULTS: Insulin resistance was higher in the GADA- group, followed by patients with low GADA titers. BMI and the frequency of arterial hypertension, elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol were lower in the high GADA+ group, with no difference between the GADA- or low GADA+ groups. The high GADA+ group showed a greater reduction and lower levels of C-peptide and required insulin earlier during follow-up. Patients with GADA titers > 20 U/ml and insulinized early presented no significant variation in C-peptide levels, had better glycemic control and required a lower insulin dose than patients who were insulinized later. CONCLUSION: We agree that patients with LADA should be differentiated on the basis of GADA titers and that patients with GADA titers > 20 U/ml benefit from early insulinization.

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