scholarly journals TRIZ Theory and the Method of Cancer Document Selection for Chemical Complexes and Innovation Schemes of Meta-Analysis with Lymphomas as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yan Huiquan ◽  
Lyu Penghui ◽  
Wang Ling ◽  
Yu Zhiming
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Mining System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the face of the growing incidence of malignant tumors (about 3.929 million, data issued in January 2019) and the death rate (about 2.338 million, data issued in January 2019) and the limitation of the application of informatics in cancer treatment, this paper tried to use TRIZ theory to deduce new ideas about cancer treatments, perform literature analysis on schemes, and make retrieval strategy for meta-analyses on cancer therapy. By using TRIZ theory and information to analyze the fields of cancers, the research schemes for selecting documents on cancer therapy were presented. After retrieving the documents, we exported all those articles in text format. We further analyzed the research status with the software CiteSpace and Bibliographic Information Mining System (BICOMS) by using different keywords, regions, countries, schools, authors, geography, institutes, etc. We also performed the cluster analysis by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and performed two-way cluster analysis by using Gluto software. The hot areas of research and their tendency or distribution were analyzed. The search strategy was set and the retrieving results were tried.

scholarly journals Quantitative Measurements of Breast Density Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rooa Sindi ◽  
Cláudia Sá Dos Reis ◽  
Colleen Bennett ◽  
Gil Stevenson ◽  
Zhonghua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Meta Analyses

Breast density, a measure of dense fibroglandular tissue relative to non-dense fatty tissue, is confirmed as an independent risk factor of breast cancer. Although there has been an increasing interest in the quantitative assessment of breast density, no research has investigated the optimal technical approach of breast MRI in this aspect. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the current studies on quantitative assessment of breast density using MRI and to determine the most appropriate technical/operational protocol. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) were searched systematically for eligible studies. Single arm meta-analysis was conducted to determine quantitative values of MRI in breast density assessments. Combined means with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effect model. In addition, subgroup meta-analyses were performed with stratification by breast density segmentation/measurement method. Furthermore, alternative groupings based on statistical similarities were identified via a cluster analysis employing study means and standard deviations in a Nearest Neighbor/Single Linkage. A total of 38 studies matched the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Twenty-one of these studies were judged to be eligible for meta-analysis. The results indicated, generally, high levels of heterogeneity between study means within groups and high levels of heterogeneity between study variances within groups. The studies in two main clusters identified by the cluster analysis were also subjected to meta-analyses. The review confirmed high levels of heterogeneity within the breast density studies, considered to be due mainly to the applications of MR breast-imaging protocols and the use of breast density segmentation/measurement methods. Further research should be performed to determine the most appropriate protocol and method for quantifying breast density using MRI.

Meta-Analyses as a Multi-Level Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 109442811985747
Author(s):  
Janaki Gooty ◽  
George C. Banks ◽  
Andrew C. Loignon ◽  
Scott Tonidandel ◽  
Courtney E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Independence Assumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Organizational Sciences

Meta-analyses are well known and widely implemented in almost every domain of research in management as well as the social, medical, and behavioral sciences. While this technique is useful for determining validity coefficients (i.e., effect sizes), meta-analyses are predicated on the assumption of independence of primary effect sizes, which might be routinely violated in the organizational sciences. Here, we discuss the implications of violating the independence assumption and demonstrate how meta-analysis could be cast as a multilevel, variance known (Vknown) model to account for such dependency in primary studies’ effect sizes. We illustrate such techniques for meta-analytic data via the HLM 7.0 software as it remains the most widely used multilevel analyses software in management. In so doing, we draw on examples in educational psychology (where such techniques were first developed), organizational sciences, and a Monte Carlo simulation (Appendix). We conclude with a discussion of implications, caveats, and future extensions. Our Appendix details features of a newly developed application that is free (based on R), user-friendly, and provides an alternative to the HLM program.

scholarly journals Common and distinct neurofunctional representations of core and social disgust in the brain: An ALE meta-analysis and MACM characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyang Gan ◽  
Xinqi Zhou ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Guojuan Jiao ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Response Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Communicative Signals ◽  
Core Disgust

ABSTRACTDisgust represents a multifaceted defensive-avoidance response. On the behavioral level, the response includes withdrawal and a disgust-specific facial expression. While both serve the avoidance of pathogens the latter additionally transmits social-communicative information. Given that common and distinct brain representation of the primary defensive-avoidance response (core disgust) and encoding of the social-communicative signal (social disgust) remain debated we employed neuroimaging meta-analyses to (1) determine brain systems generally engaged in disgust processing, and (2) segregate common and distinct brain systems for core and social disgust. Disgust processing, in general, engaged a bilateral network encompassing the insula, amygdala, occipital and prefrontal regions. Core disgust evoked stronger reactivity in left-lateralized threat detection and defensive response network including amygdala, occipital and frontal regions while social disgust engaged a right-lateralized superior temporal-frontal network engaged in social cognition. Anterior insula, inferior frontal and fusiform regions were commonly engaged during core and social disgust suggesting a common neural basis. We demonstrate a common and separable neural basis of primary disgust responses and encoding of associated social-communicative signals.

Het kwantitatief integreren van empirische studies: de methode van meta-analyse

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marise Ph. Born ◽  
Stefan T. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Many ◽  
Quantitative Integration ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Research Domain

Quantitatively integrating empirical studies: The method of meta-analysis Quantitatively integrating empirical studies: The method of meta-analysis Marise Ph. Born & Stefan T. Mol, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 19, September 2006, nr. 3, pp. 251-271 Meta-analysis is a quantitative integration of results of a series of empirical studies into a specific research question. The method of meta-analysis has obtained a dominant position in the social sciences and beyond, as it may help in obtaining an overview of the explosively increased number of research publications. This contribution discusses the basics and consecutive steps in performing a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis that we conducted on expatriates serves as an illustration. Next to the many points in favor of meta-analyses, such as having a better overview of a research domain and shifting the traditional focus on significances of effects to sizes of effects, several important controversies remain. One of these is the issue of waving away a specific cause of variance in research findings as a methodological artifact, or interpreting it as a meaningful case of variance. We maintain that every social or industrial- and organizational psychologist who wants to stay up-to-date scientifically should be able to interpret meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in hemispheric processing of faces in humans: A meta-analysis of 817 cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M Proverbio
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Front View ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract A well-established neuroimaging literature predicts a right-sided asymmetry in the activation of face-devoted areas such as the fusiform gyrus (FG) and its resulting M/N170 response during face processing. However, the face-related response sometimes appears to be bihemispheric. A few studies have argued that bilaterality depended on the sex composition of the sample. To shed light on this matter, two meta-analyses were conducted starting from a large initial database of 250 ERP (Event-related potentials)/MEG (Magnetoencephalography) peer-reviewed scientific articles. Paper coverage was from 1985 to 2020. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria of a sufficiently large and balanced sample size with strictly right-handed and healthy participants aged 18–35 years and N170 measurements in response to neutral front view faces at left and right occipito/temporal sites. The data of 817 male (n = 414) and female (n = 403) healthy adults were subjected to repeated-measures analyses of variance. The results of statistical analyses from the data of 17 independent studies (from Asia, Europe and America) seem to robustly indicate the presence of a sex difference in the way the two cerebral hemispheres process facial information in humans, with a marked right-sided asymmetry of the bioelectrical activity in males and a bilateral or left-sided activity in females.

Graphical Presentation of Results

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lortie ◽  
Joseph Lau ◽  
Marc J. Lajeunesse
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Error Bar ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Graphical Presentation

Visualizations of data are one of the most compelling means to effectively communicate ideas in science. Graphs present data in a visual form enabling the reader to read values, identify patterns, assess the outcome of a statistical technique, or analyze relationships within or between variables. Effective visualizations of meta-analyses have been discussed extensively in the evidence-based medical literature and to a lesser extent in ecology and evolutionary biology. The two most common meta-analysis plots are derived from the social sciences and include (1) modified error bar plots called forest plots used to summarize and compare weighted mean effects, and (2) meta-regression plots (scatterplots with significant fit lines) used to show the relationship between main effects and covariates. This chapter describes these two standard meta-analysis plots and provides sample graphics to illustrate usage. Details are also included for the use of simple histograms and funnel plots.

scholarly journals A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie D. Frowd ◽  
William B. Erickson ◽  
James M. Lampinen ◽  
Faye C. Skelton ◽  
Alex H. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch. Design/methodology/approach – The paper involves regression- and meta-analyses on composite-naming data from 23 studies that have followed procedures used by police practitioners for forensic face construction. The corpus for analyses contains 6,464 individual naming responses from 1,069 participants in 41 experimental conditions. Findings – The analyses reveal that composites constructed from the holistic EvoFIT system were over four-times more identifiable than composites from “Feature” (E-FIT and PRO-fit) and Sketch systems; Sketch was somewhat more effective than Feature systems. EvoFIT was more effective when internal features were created before rather than after selecting hair and the other (blurred) external features. Adding questions about the global appearance of the face (as part of the holistic-cognitive interview (H-CI)) gives a valuable improvement in naming over the standard face-recall cognitive interview (CI) for all three system types tested. The analysis also confirmed that composites were considerably less effective when constructed from a long (one to two days) compared with a short (0-3.5 hours) retention interval. Practical implications – Variables were assessed that are of importance to forensic practitioners who construct composites with witnesses and victims of crime. Originality/value – Using a large corpus of forensically-relevant data, the main result is that EvoFIT using the internal-features method of construction is superior; an H-CI administered prior to face construction is also advantageous (cf. face-recall CI) for EvoFIT as well as for two further contrasting production systems.

scholarly journals Challenges of cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 030089162110639
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Kimia Jazi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Potential Risks

People at high risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including patients dealing with malignancies and patients on immunosuppressive anticancer therapies, need to be followed carefully as the pandemic continues. Challenges in continuing cancer management and patient monitoring are of concern given the importance of timing in cancer therapy. Alternative treatment decisions and priorities are also important considerations. The efficacy and safety of various cancer treatments in patients with COVID-19 are other important considerations. In this systematic review, we summarize the potential risks and benefits of cancer treatments applied to patients with COVID-19 and malignant tumors. Using the PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed studies involving cancer therapy and COVID-19 to address the recent discoveries and related challenges of cancer therapy in patients with COVID-19 and cancer.

scholarly journals Influence of clinical characteristics and anti-cancer therapy on outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,678 cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik Shin Chin ◽  
Sara Galavotti ◽  
Kay Por Yip ◽  
Helen Curley ◽  
Roland Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic started a healthcare crisis and heavily impacted cancer services. Methods Data from cohort studies of COVID-19 cancer patients published up until October 23rd 2020 from PubMed, PubMed Central, medRxiv and Google Scholar were reviewed. Meta-analyses using the random effects model was performed to assess the risk of death in cancer patients with COVID-19. Results Our meta-analyses including up to 5,678 patients from 13 studies showed that the following were all statistically significant risk factors for death following SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients: age of 65 and above, presence of co-morbidities, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes and hypertension. There was no evidence that patients who had received cancer treatment within 60 days of their COVID-19 diagnosis were at a higher risk of death, including patients who had recent chemotherapy. Conclusions Cancer patients are susceptible to severe COVID-19, especially older patients and patients with co-morbidities who will require close monitoring. Our findings support the continued administration of anti-cancer therapy during the pandemic. The analysis of chemotherapy was powered at 70% to detect an effect size of 1.2 but all other anti-cancer treatments had lower power. Further studies are required to better estimate their impact on the outcome of cancer patients.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Effect Sizes: Causes, Detection, and Implications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Joseph Lau
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

The general aim of meta-analysis is to combine scientific evidence scattered through a number of individual studies addressing the same topic. Evidence, however, is not static and tends to evolve over time due to changes in research methods, changes in the characteristics of the subjects being studied, for example. A number of recent studies in ecology and evolution have shown that temporal trends in effect sizes are common and often quite dramatic in these fields. Temporal changes in effect sizes could jeopardize the stability of conclusions (i.e., the conclusions of meta-analyses on the same topic conducted in different years might differ). For these reasons, this chapter is devoted to temporal changes in effect sizes. It first summarizes the findings of studies that examined temporal changes in the magnitude and direction of effect sizes in ecology, evolutionary biology, medicine, and the social sciences. It then discusses their possible causes, methods of detection, and implications for the interpretation of the results of the meta-analysis.

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