scholarly journals Analysis of Blimp-1 and PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint in an Autoimmune Thyroiditis Animal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Xiaoshu Lv ◽  
Mengya Chen ◽  
Haixia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Maturation Protein ◽  
Cell Death Protein

Objective. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have opposing roles in the development of T cells; however, the mechanism of autoimmune thyroiditis- (AIT-) associated abortion is unclear. The present study investigated the expression of Blimp-1 and PD-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in AIT-associated pregnancy loss and elucidated the related signaling pathway involving in the inflammatory response. Methods. An experimental fetal loss model with autoimmune thyroiditis was established after murine thyroglobulin- (mTg-) immunized CBA/J female mice mating with Balb/c males. ELISA was employed to investigate the TgAb level in the serum of CBA/J female mice. The expression of Blimp-1, PD-1/PD-L1, mammalian target protein rapamycin (mTOR), and Foxp3 proteins in the placenta and spleen was detected through immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Results. ELISA indicated that the serum TgAb level in the mTg group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.001). Fetal resorption rates increased in the mTg group compared with those in the control group (45.63% vs. 3.1%, P<0.05). Blimp-1 levels in the placenta and spleen were higher in the AIT-related miscarriage group than in the control group. However, the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and Foxp3 was significantly decreased in the placenta and spleen in the AIT-related miscarriage group. Conclusion. Blimp-1 participates in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease-associated pregnancy loss through the inflammatory immune response, which is potentially mediated through the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Postpartum Thyroiditis and Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Women of Childbearing Age: Recent Insights and Consequences for Antenatal and Postnatal Care

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex F. Muller ◽  
Hemmo A. Drexhage ◽  
Arie Berghout
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Postpartum Thyroiditis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Postpartum thyroiditis is a syndrome of transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction occurring in the first year after delivery and based on an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid. The prevalence ranges from 5–7%. We discuss the role of antibodies (especially thyroid peroxidase antibodies), complement, activated T cells, and apoptosis in the outbreak of postpartum thyroiditis. Postpartum thyroiditis is conceptualized as an acute phase of autoimmune thyroid destruction in the context of an existing and ongoing process of thyroid autosensitization. From pregnancy an enhanced state of immune tolerance ensues. A rebound reaction to this pregnancy-associated immune suppression after delivery explains the aggravation of autoimmune syndromes in the puerperal period, e.g., the occurrence of clinically overt postpartum thyroiditis. Low thyroid reserve due to autoimmune thyroiditis is increasingly recognized as a serious health problem. 1) Thyroid autoimmunity increases the probability of spontaneous fetal loss. 2) Thyroid failure due to autoimmune thyroiditis—often mild and subclinical—can lead to permanent and significant impairment in neuropsychological performance of the offspring. 3) Evidence is emerging that as women age subclinical hypothyroidism—as a sequel of postpartum thyroiditis—predisposes them to cardiovascular disease. Hence, postpartum thyroiditis is no longer considered a mild and transient disorder. Screening is considered.

scholarly journals Potential targets for the hepatitis C virus-mediated autoimmune thyroiditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Jesuino Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Luisa Correia Matos de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela Correia Matos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Secondary Hypothyroidism

Introduction: The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) have been studied, and it was suggested that inflammatory cytokines during HCV infection would change the thyroperoxidase (TPO) signaling cascade and thyroglobulin (Tg) determining autoimmune thyroid disease.Objective: To show the signaling pathway, of TPO and Tg, and their potential targets mediated HCV in individuals with hepatitis C.Methods: The mapping of the signaling pathway was based on a review study approach and performed using the automatic annotation server of the Kyoto and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG). PathVisio is free software for analysis and design of open source routes, and was used for the graphic representation of the signaling pathway.Results: The contigs were extracted from the KEGG database and their mapped transcription represents the signaling pathway of the main biomolecules that triggers the AIT. The action of HCV, or its treatment can trigger AIT that is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against TPO and Tg. In AIT, autoreactive CD4 + T lymphocytes recruit B cells and CD8 + T cells in the thyroid. The progression of the disease leads to the death of thyroid cellsand hypothyroidism.Conclusion: HCV or its treatment activates several signaling pathways with thyroid cells damage resulting in AIT and secondary hypothyroidism to cellular apoptosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of factor VIII value in normal women and whom encountered recurrent pregnancy loss: is there any significant difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Douaa Al Rez ◽  
Hasan Naser Eldine ◽  
Marwan Alhalabi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
High Level

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a serious problem on the women, it defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the fetus has reached birth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the elevation in the factor VIII and RPL. Because women who have thrombophilia have increased risk of fetal loss in most studies.Methods: A total 72 women were recruited in this case control study. They divided into two groups: the RPL group included 41 women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and the control group included 31 healthy women, who had at least one successful pregnancy and none of them had a history of fetal loss or complicated pregnancy.Results: A majority of the patients of this study didn't have a high level of factor VIII, 9 of 41 (22%) patients of RPL group in comparison with 21 of 32 (65,6%) of control group, that suffer from the increase rate of FVIII, this means that factor VIII doesn't effect on RPL.Conclusions: The present study showed that the serum elevation in the factor VIII is not significantly associated with RPL.

scholarly journals Shear-Wave Elastography—Diagnostic Value in Children with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Cepeha ◽  
Corina Paul ◽  
Andreea Borlea ◽  
Renata Fofiu ◽  
Florin Borcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) is the most common thyroid disorder in the pediatric population. Ultrasound evaluation may suggest the diagnosis. Additionally, shear-wave elastography (SWE) proved to be a valuable additional diagnosis tool in adults with CAT by assessing thyroid stiffness (TS). This study aims to assess its use also in detecting children with CAT. The study group consisted of 50 children with confirmed diagnosis of CAT, who were compared to the control group, consisting of 50 children with no thyroid pathology and with an adult group of 50 subjects with CAT. The evaluation included, besides bioimmunochemical evaluation, also thyroid ultrasound evaluation and elastography measurements in the same session (Aixplorer Mach 30, Supersonic imagine, France). The mean TS values were significantly lower for children in the CAT group compared to adults with CAT (15.51 ± 4.76 kPa vs. 20.96 ± 6.31 kPa; p < 0.0001) and higher compared to the healthy aged matched controls (15.51 ± 4.76 kPa vs. 10.41 ± 2.01 kPa; p < 0.0001). SWE elastography definitely seems a promising technique in the evaluation of children with autoimmune thyroid pathology.

scholarly journals Thyroid Autoimmunity and Behçet’s Disease: Is There a Significant Association?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Cebeci ◽  
Nahide Onsun ◽  
Ayşe Pekdemir ◽  
Ahmet R. Uras ◽  
Kadir Kayataş
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Background. Behcet’s disease (BD) could be regarded as an autoimmune disease in many aspects. Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is frequently accompanied by other various autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, there is not still enough data showing the association between BD and ATD. In addition, no controlled study is present in the PubMed, which evaluates thyroidal autoimmunity using antithyroid peroxidase antibody in a large series of patients with BD.Methods. We aimed to investigate the frequency of ATD in patients with BD. The study included 124 patients with BD and 99 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.Results. Autoimmune thyroiditis was noted in 21 cases (16.9%) with BD. In the control group, 22 cases (22.22%) were diagnosed as autoimmune thyroiditis. There was no difference between the groups in respect to thyroid autoantibodies (). There were no statistically significant differences between baseline TSH levels of the BD patients and of the controls (). Statistically, the mean serum free T4 levels of the patients with BD were higher than those of the controls ().Conclusions. No association could be found between BD and ATD. Therefore, it is not of significance to investigate thyroid autoimmunity in BD.

scholarly journals Reproductive Outcome after Hysteroscopic Metroplasty in Patients with Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gligor Tofoski ◽  
Jadranka Georgievska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Outcome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Reproductive outcome can be negatively affected in patients with congenital uterine anomalies (CUA), increasing the number of unsuccessful pregnancies and obstetric complications. Compared with the population with normally formed uterus, patients with CUA have higher abortion rate, higher fetal loss rate and decreased live birth rate. Hysteroscopic metroplasty (HM) is a standard, safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of correctible types of congenital uterine anomalies.Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the reproductive outcome in group of patients with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss and present CUA, before and after hysteroscopic metroplasty.Material and Methods: We analyzed 67 patients to whom 78 interventions hysteroscopic metroplasty were performed at the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Skopje during a two year period, between 01.01.2010 and 31.12.2011. Their reproductive outcome was monitored during a two-year period and the same group served as a control group, taking into account their previous reproductive history. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Most common CUA were types 5b and 6 represented by 88 %. In a follow up period of two years, 33 of the patients become pregnant. There was a statistically significant decrease of abortion rate from 92% to 21.2%, as well as an increase in the term delivery rate from 0% to 69.7%.Conclusion: Treatment with hysteroscopic metroplasty is significantly improving the reproductive outcome in patients with CUA and previous fetal loss.

Maternal Thrombophilia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Case-Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Mazzucconi ◽  
Vitaliana De Sanctis ◽  
Marco Alfò ◽  
Maria Antonietta Amendolea ◽  
Laura Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Acquired Thrombophilia

Objective: To assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with acquired and/or congenital thrombophilia factors. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 130 women with a history of pregnancy loss and no successful gestation were investigated for the presence of congenital and acquired thrombophilia factors, and then compared with a control group of 130 healthy women who had had at least one successful gestation and no pregnancy loss, and were screened for congenital and acquired thrombophilia factors. Results: Acquired and congenital thrombophilia factors were found in 30 (23%) patients and in 14 (10.8%) controls (p < 0.015). The presence of ≥1 congenital thrombophilia factor was associated with pregnancy loss with an odds ratio of 2.46 (p = 0.040). Moreover, women who had had >1 early fetal loss had a 2.85-fold risk of being carriers of congenital thrombophilia factors, compared to the controls. Conclusion: Our study showed the increased risk of miscarriage in patients with congenital thrombophilia factors and >1 early fetal loss. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

scholarly journals Features of the histological structure of trophoblast and chorionic villi with recurrent pregnancy loss in women with thrombophilias

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-641
Author(s):  
A. I. Mirov ◽  
O. N. Kharkevich ◽  
O. E. Golofast ◽  
I. B. Glukhovets
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The frequency of recurrent pregnancy loss does not tend to decrease. This pathology continues to be one of the important problems of modern medicine. It is known that thrombophilia can play a significant role in the etiology of spontaneous reproductive losses. However, the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous loss of pregnancy in the presence of maternal thrombophilia is not fully understood. Aim. To identify the features of the histological structure of trophoblasts and chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy in women with thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss, with careful exclusion of other possible causes of fetal loss syndrome. Material and Methods. Histological examination of 49 chorion tissue samples from 24 patients with thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss in the first trimester (study group) was performed. The controls were samples of chorion tissue taken during artificial abortion in 33 healthy women who had a history of 2 or more spontaneous labor without significant complications. Thrombophilia diagnosis and hemostasis system state evaluation was performed for all patients on the basis of analysis of 30 parameters according to standard methods. All studies were conducted at the Regional clinical hospital № 8 in Ryazan as well as the scientific and clinical center of hematology, oncology and immunology of the Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov of Health Ministry of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with the help of computer program package Statistica (version 10). Results. Significant differences in the histological structure of trophoblast and chorionic villi in the studied women were revealed, in comparison with those in the control group. It is proved that the presence of thrombophilia negatively affects the process of embryogenesis and contributes to a significant reduction in the area of the chorionic villus vessels in the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. It is proved that the presence of thrombophilia has a negative effect on the process of embryogenesis and significantly reduces the vascular area of chorionic villi that can probably play a significant role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Is Factor V Leiden a Risk Factor for Fetal Loss?

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dulíček ◽  
Ladislav Chrobák ◽  
Ivo Kalousek ◽  
Lenka Pešavová ◽  
Miroslav Pecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Group Factor ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Prospective Group ◽  
Increased Risk

A successful pregnancy is dependent on the development of adequate placental circulation. The abnormalities of placental vasculature may result in a number of gestational pathologies, including fetal loss. The aim of our study was to determine whether women with f V Leiden are at an increased risk of pregnancy loss. For this purpose we assessed three groups of women. In a prospective group we examined 30 females with spontaneous abortions for f V Leiden. In a retrospective group we assessed the frequency of abortions in 80 women (l72 pregnancies) with f V Leiden (72 heterozygous, 8 homozygous) from 57 unrelated families. In a control group we evaluated the frequency of abortions in 45 women without f V Leiden. Factor V Leiden was found in 3% of women in the 1st group. Fetal loss occurred in 10% of women in the 2nd group and in 9% in the 3rd group. Factor V Leiden was not found to be a risk factor for fetal loss in our study group.

Autoimmune thyroiditis and repeated pregnancy loss: a role for associated autoimmune disorders?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Virili ◽  
Miriam Cellini ◽  
Maria Giulia Santaguida ◽  
Nunzia Brusca ◽  
Ilaria Stramazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Repeated Pregnancy Loss
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