scholarly journals A Systematic Approach for Cybersecurity Design of In-Vehicle Network Systems with Trade-Off Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
Feng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vehicle Network

With the increasing connectivity of modern vehicles, protecting systems from attacks on cyber is becoming crucial and urgent. Meanwhile, a vehicle should guarantee a safe and comfortable trip for users. Therefore, how to design a cybersecurity-critical system in vehicles with safety and user experience (UX) considerations is increasingly essential. However, most co-design methods focus on safety engineering with attack concerns and do not discuss conflicts and integration, and few contain the UX aspect. Besides, most existing approaches are abstract at a high level without practical guidelines. This paper presents a literature review of existing safety and security design approaches and proposes a systematic approach for cybersecurity design of in-vehicle network systems based on the guideline in SAE J3061. The trade-off analysis is performed by using association keys and the proposed affecting map. The design process of an example Diagnostic on Internet Protocol (DoIP) system is reported to show how the approach works. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed one considers safety, cybersecurity, and UX simultaneously, solves conflicts qualitatively or quantitatively, and obtains trade-off design requirements. This approach is applicable to the cybersecurity-driven design of in-vehicle network systems in the early stage with safety and UX considerations.

Chassis durability and comfort trade-off at early stage of project by virtual proving ground simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Hanwei Gao ◽  
Louis Jézéquel ◽  
Eric Cabrol ◽  
Bernard Vitry
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Trade Off

Lung nodule classification using combination of CNN, second and higher order texture features

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amrita Naik ◽  
Damodar Reddy Edla
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
High Level ◽  
Learning Architectures ◽  
Nodule Classification

Lung cancer is the most common cancer throughout the world and identification of malignant tumors at an early stage is needed for diagnosis and treatment of patient thus avoiding the progression to a later stage. In recent times, deep learning architectures such as CNN have shown promising results in effectively identifying malignant tumors in CT scans. In this paper, we combine the CNN features with texture features such as Haralick and Gray level run length matrix features to gather benefits of high level and spatial features extracted from the lung nodules to improve the accuracy of classification. These features are further classified using SVM classifier instead of softmax classifier in order to reduce the overfitting problem. Our model was validated on LUNA dataset and achieved an accuracy of 93.53%, sensitivity of 86.62%, the specificity of 96.55%, and positive predictive value of 94.02%.

Waukesha Engine’s New 2 and 3 MWE High Performance, Ultra-Lean Engines and Enginators™ for the Worldwide 50Hz and 60Hz Power Generation Markets

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey A. Honl ◽  
Ryan M. Rudnitzki
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Control System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Product Strategy ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Stage Performance ◽  
High Level

The following paper describes the release of the 220GL engine and APG2000/3000 Enginator™ product lines from Waukesha Engine. The major elements of the release that will be covered include the installation and calibration of the ESM® control system, the development of new capabilities to control fuel injection and its associated features, the integration of Waukesha-introduced components on the 220GL, high-level product strategy and justification, and early stage performance figures from development testing.

scholarly journals The content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in glycoproteins of erythrocyte membranes in Morris hepatoma 5123 bearing rats.

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
J Batko ◽  
H Karoń
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Experimental Tumour ◽  
Morris Hepatoma ◽  
High Level

Changes in the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in rat erythrocyte membranes at different stages of experimental tumour (Morris hepatoma 5123) development were examined. Its content was lowered on the 30th and 40th day after transplantation of the tumour cells, as compared to the results for normal healthy rats. As a result of the tumour growth, the content of N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose and mannose in rat erythrocyte membranes became lowered, whereas that of glucose remained unchanged. The content of fucose was raised at early stage of tumour growth, and remained at this high level till the 40th day of experiment.

scholarly journals Sustainable development in the city of Heidelberg

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (313) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

The city of Heidelberg has won twice the price of European Sustainable City Award. The paper presents the latest author’s investigation (July 2014) about the sustainable development in the Heidelberg. The aim of the article is an analyses and assessment of the implementation of sustainable development in the city. The policy and economical instruments implemented at the local level at the very early stage (early 90s) help the city to build ecological education and shape ecological style of life.. The city citizens have a very high level of ecological awareness and very often participate in policy decisions, shaping sustainable development goals of the Heidelberg. The main local priorities for sustainable development are: climate and environment protection, rising energy efficiency by using renewable energy sources, local heat district, ecological transport and building in passive standard.

scholarly journals A Correlation Study between Self-esteem and Romantic Jealousy among University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Jenina Paula Y. Go ◽  
Jaeyanne A. Chan ◽  
Mary Julianne T. Dela Cruz ◽  
Thrissa Marie Gomez ◽  
Myla M. Arcinas
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Romantic Jealousy ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
High Level

This correlation study  aimed to determine the association between the level of self-esteem and romantic jealousy among selected undergraduate university students from Metro Manila, Philippines. The researchers conducted an online survey with the use of self-administered questionnaires. Purposive non-probability sampling was used to identify the 40 respondents for this study. to gather respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics.  Majority of the respondents were females (23 out of 40) and in their early stage of relationship (1-4 months). Results show that the respondents have a moderate level of self-esteem (median of 3) and high level of romantic jealousy (median of 5). A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between their level of self-esteem and romantic jealousy (r =-0.185, p<.05). The result suggests that the higher their level of self-esteem, the lower the romantic jealousy, i.e. romantic jealousy has no space if one is confident in one's romantic relationship.  

scholarly journals Formaldehyde-Responsive Proteins TtmR and EfgA Reveal a Trade-off between Formaldehyde Resistance and Efficient Transition to Methylotrophy in Methylorubrum extorquens

2021 ◽  
Vol 203 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannell V. Bazurto ◽  
Eric L. Bruger ◽  
Jessica A. Lee ◽  
Leah B. Lambert ◽  
Christopher J. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formaldehyde Sensing ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT For bacteria to thrive, they must be well adapted to their environmental niche, which may involve specialized metabolism, timely adaptation to shifting environments, and/or the ability to mitigate numerous stressors. These attributes are highly dependent on cellular machinery that can sense both the external and intracellular environment. Methylorubrum extorquens is an extensively studied facultative methylotroph, an organism that can use single-carbon compounds as its sole source of carbon and energy. In methylotrophic metabolism, carbon flows through formaldehyde as a central metabolite; thus, formaldehyde is both an obligate metabolite and a metabolic stressor. Via the one-carbon dissimilation pathway, free formaldehyde is rapidly incorporated by formaldehyde activating enzyme (Fae), which is constitutively expressed at high levels. In the presence of elevated formaldehyde levels, a recently identified formaldehyde-sensing protein, EfgA, induces growth arrest. Here, we describe TtmR, a formaldehyde-responsive transcription factor that, like EfgA, modulates formaldehyde resistance. TtmR is a member of the MarR family of transcription factors and impacts the expression of 75 genes distributed throughout the genome, of which many encode transcription factors and/or are involved in stress response, including efgA. Notably, when M. extorquens is adapting its metabolic network during the transition to methylotrophy, efgA and ttmR mutants experience an imbalance in formaldehyde production and a notable growth delay. Although methylotrophy necessitates that M. extorquens maintains a relatively high level of formaldehyde tolerance, this work reveals a trade-off between formaldehyde resistance and the efficient transition to methylotrophic growth and suggests that TtmR and EfgA play a pivotal role in maintaining this balance. IMPORTANCE All organisms produce formaldehyde as a by-product of enzymatic reactions and as a degradation product of metabolites. The ubiquity of formaldehyde in cellular biology suggests that all organisms have evolved mechanisms of mitigating formaldehyde toxicity. However, formaldehyde sensing is poorly described, and the prevention of formaldehyde-induced damage is understood primarily in the context of detoxification. Here, we used an organism that is regularly exposed to elevated intracellular formaldehyde concentrations through high-flux one-carbon utilization pathways to gain insight into the role of formaldehyde-responsive proteins that modulate formaldehyde resistance. Using a combination of genetic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified dozens of genes putatively involved in formaldehyde resistance, determined the relationship between two different formaldehyde response systems, and identified an inherent trade-off between formaldehyde resistance and optimal transition to methylotrophic metabolism.

United Nations Peace Operations: Reconsidering the Principles, Reforming the Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
A. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Peace Enforcement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Self Defence

The article describes and debates main points and recommendations of the Report-2015 of the Independent High Level Group on the UN Peace Operations. The author analyses doctrinal innovations and practical guidelines suggested by the Group and debates consequences of the recommended “politicizing” of the UN operations (assuring the leading role for the UN in any political peace process supported by UN peacekeepers, and avoiding operations where the UN role is limited to passive disengagement of conflict sides). Necessity for and limits of reconsidering traditional principles of peacekeeping, such as impartiality, consent of conflict parties, and use of force for self-defence are questioned. Trends in UN operations are compared with trends in operations related to conflicts in the Post-Soviet space (South Ossetia/Georgia, Abkhazia/Georgia, Tajikistan, Transnistria/Moldova, etc.). The author advocates timeliness for an extended interpretation of the “defence of the mandate” formula instead of the classical “self-defence of the contingent”. It is suggested to practically erase the dividing line between operations of the “peacekeeping” type under the UN DPKO, and “political missions” under the UN Political Department. The arsenal of the UN instruments for conflict resolution must be widened from non-intrusive observation missions, conflict prevention and mediation, through support of ceasefire agreements and implementation of peace accords, down to coercive peace enforcement, offensive elements, and UN Charter Chapter VII-based collective operations against aggressive regimes and states. Poorly defined functions and insufficiently clarified use of force limits for the SC-mandated “UN Intervention Brigade” in Democratic Republic of Congo lead to unnecessary involvement of the UN into coercive actions. The experience of the UN “infrastructural hubs” establishing, like the one in Entebbe (Uganda) used for supplying eight African UN operations, is described. New technology for peacekeeping, like the use of unpiloted flying drones, opens new opportunities, but creates legal and practical problems. A distinction of functions between “blue helmets” (specially trained multinational UN contingents) and “green helmets” (regular national armies used by states in foreign conflicts) is recommended, including avoidance of counter-terrorism tasks and strong coercive tasks for the UN peacekeepers. Parallel and interfaced “partnerships” between the limited UN operations and more forceful national/coalition operations in the same areas are suggested instead.

Expression pattern of the FGF-related proto-oncogene int-2 suggests multiple roles in fetal development

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Wilkinson ◽  
S. Bhatt ◽  
A.P. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Dynamic Pattern ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
High Level

The FGF-related proto-oncogene int-2 is implicated in mouse embryogenesis, since it is expressed in specific tissues during gastrulation and neurulation (Wilkinson et. al. 1988). Here, we describe the expression of this gene during subsequent fetal development, int-2 transcripts are restricted to Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and to regions of the developing retina containing early-stage differentiating cells. This high level expression is not detected in the mature cerebellum or retina. In addition, int-2 RNA is detected in the mesenchyme of the developing teeth and in sensory regions of the inner ear. This complex and dynamic pattern suggests multiple roles of this proto-oncogene during fetal development of the mouse.

Escalation

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Niall Ó Dochartaigh
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
High Level ◽  
British State

This chapter analyses how the civil rights campaign of the late 1960s gave way to escalating violence in the early 1970s as pragmatic local arrangements aimed at keeping the peace came under increasing pressure. It shows the extent of the shared interests and cooperation between the British state and Irish republicans and nationalists at this early stage and explains the bargaining failure that led to the breakdown of relationships and the closure of these early back-channels. Focusing on the role of mediators, it analyses the local networks of back-channel communication that would help to lay the foundations for subsequent high-level secret contacts.

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