scholarly journals Effect of Rejuvenated Binder on the Pavement Rutting Performance at Different Aging Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Ali ◽  
Farshad Haddadi ◽  
Mojtaba Mohammadafzali ◽  
Greg Sholar ◽  
Howard Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
Determining Factor

The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in virgin mixtures is an effective means of promoting sustainability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of rejuvenated binder on the rutting performance and moisture susceptibility of high RAP content mixtures. All mixtures were tested at three aging levels, one short-term aging level, and two long-term aging levels. The performance of the specimens and the level of diffusion were measured and compared, and the correlation between binder test and rutting test results was evaluated. Based on the results, the degree of diffusion is not a determining factor in the performance of the mixture. However, the amount of the rejuvenator and Superpave performance grading (PG) of the rejuvenated binder is the most effective parameter. Results indicate that the short-term aged recycled mix exhibits a better rutting resistance than the virgin mix when its HTPG is 6°C higher than the virgin mix.

Use of Blended Binder Tests to Estimate Performance of Mixtures with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement/Recycled Asphalt Shingles Content

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199742
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Daniel Swiertz ◽  
Hussain U. Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Recycled Asphalt Shingles ◽  
Asphalt Shingles

The purpose of this study is to assess the use of blended binder tests to estimate mixture performance properties of high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)/recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) mixtures utilizing recycling agents as a means to evaluate different recycling agents and estimate their doses for a given mixture. Blended binder properties are measured by using standard performance grading (PG) and PG+ test methods and correlating the results with corresponding performance properties of mixtures. Blended binders consisting of virgin and recovered binders and recycling agents were prepared and tested for PG grading properties, multiple stress creep recovery grades, and linear amplitude sweep fatigue life after the rolling thin-film oven and pressure aging vessel aging. Mixtures were tested for rutting resistance and cracking resistance at intermediate temperature and at low temperatures after being subjected to short-term oven aging and long-term oven aging. The correlation between the blended binder properties and mixture performance properties is used to identify the binder test parameters that can be used to predict the long-term performance of high RAP/RAS mixtures and the effects of various recycling agents. Results generally indicate that use of direct testing of recovered binders with recycling agents is an effective means to estimate required initial dose for recycling agent, and testing actual blended binders can be used to predict mixture performance-related properties for the testing conditions used in this study.

Laboratory Comparison of Rejuvenated 50% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Hot-Mix Asphalt with Conventional 20% RAP Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2633 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Veeraragavan ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Mingjiang Tao ◽  
Martins Zaumanis ◽  
Robert Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Cracking Potential ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Performance Grading

The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) currently allows 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in base and intermediate courses. To help the Maine DOT decide whether RAP could be increased to 50%, this study evaluated the critical laboratory properties of hot-mix asphalt with 50% RAP materials and rejuvenator. The scope of work consisted of preparing 20% and 50% RAP mixes with and without rejuvenators and testing compacted specimens for their volumetric properties, moduli, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and low- and intermediate-temperature cracking potential. Two rejuvenators were used: ( a) generic waste vegetable oil and ( b) proprietary, commercially available rejuvenator. Virgin binder, extracted RAP binder, and extracted binder from recycled mixes were tested for continuous performance grading. The results showed that rejuvenators improved the properties of high RAP mixes, and the performance of rejuvenated 50% RAP mixes was equal to that of the currently allowed 20% RAP mixes. Results from semicircular bending tests were used to evaluate and quantify the effect of rejuvenators on mixes with high RAP content. Field trials of 50% RAP mixes were recommended as a result of the study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of warm mix asphalt performance incorporating high RAP content

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Dai Lu ◽  
Mofreh Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Characterization Test

Using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) increases the sustainability benefits and can enhance the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) compared to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). However, the RAP content is generally limited in WMA because adding high RAP content may reduce the performance of WMA. In this paper, the authors studied the possibility of incorporating high RAP content from 25 to 70% by mass of WMA by using Evotherm as an additive. Laboratory performance of WMA–RAP mixtures was characterized and compared to a control HMA in terms of moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue characterization. Test results showed that Evotherm greatly improved the moisture resistance of WMA–RAP mixtures compared to HMA. Increasing RAP content made WMA–RAP mixtures stiffer and enhanced the rutting resistance, but decreased the fatigue resistance of the mixtures. Therefore, the maximum RAP content needs to be determined to ensure balance between the fatigue and rutting characteristics of asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8343
Author(s):  
Ana E. Hidalgo ◽  
Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Tauste ◽  
M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Term Performance

The main characteristics of bituminous mixtures manufactured with a considerable amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), compared to conventional mixtures, are a reduction in workability, an increase in stiffness, and a loss of ductility, due to the presence of the aged bitumen contained in the RAP particles. To minimize these impacts, softer binders or rejuvenators are commonly used in the design of these mixtures in order to restore part of the ductility lost and to reduce the stiffness. In spite of previous investigations demonstrating that the mortar plays an essential role in the workability, long-term performance, and durability of bituminous mixtures (where cracking, cohesion, and adhesion problems all start at this scale), not many studies have assessed the impacts caused by the presence of RAP. In response to this, the present paper analyzes the workability, fatigue performance, and water sensitivity of bituminous mortars containing different amounts of RAP (from 0% to 100%) and rejuvenators. Mortar specimens were compacted using a gyratory compactor and studied via dynamic mechanical analysis under three point bending configuration. The results demonstrated that the presence of RAP reduces the workability and ductility of asphalt mortars. However, it also causes an increase in their stiffness, which induces a more elastic response and causes an increase in their resistance to fatigue, which could compensate for the loss of ductility. This aspect, together with the low water sensitivity shown, when using Portland cement as an active filler, would make it possible to produce asphalt materials with high RAP contents with a similar long-term mechanical performance as traditional ones. In addition, the use of rejuvenators was demonstrated to effectively correct the negative workability and ductility impacts caused by using RAP, without affecting the fatigue resistance and material adhesion/cohesion.

Performance of Hot and Cold Recycled Mixtures with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 714-726
Author(s):  
Edith Arámbula-Mercado ◽  
Santiago J. Chavarro-Muñoz ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Howie Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation

Florida Department of Transportation yearly maintenance and rehabilitation activities include milling and resurfacing of approximately 2,000 lane miles of roadway, with an average resurfacing depth of about 2.1 in. (55 mm). These activities result in the generation and accumulation of roughly 1.8 million tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) each year. The use of elevated quantities of RAP in asphalt pavement provides an environmentally responsible solution to the accumulated RAP surplus in some urban areas, while at the same time offering an economical pavement maintenance and rehabilitation option to local agencies facing budget constraints. The objective of this project was to compare the performance of mixtures with 60% RAP content to be used primarily on low volume roads (average daily traffic <750 vehicles) and suggest adequate test methods within the context of a balanced mix design approach. To accomplish this objective, three types of mixtures were considered: hot, cold with emulsion, and cold with foamed binder. Performance testing included intermediate temperature cracking, rutting, moisture susceptibility, and durability. The hot recycled mixtures showed good moisture susceptibility and cracking resistance, especially when rejuvenators were incorporated. The cold recycled mixtures showed poor moisture susceptibility and durability characteristics, which were alleviated when hydrated lime or Portland cement was incorporated in the emulsified and foamed mixtures, respectively. Most hot recycled mixtures, and all the cold recycled mixtures, exhibited poor rutting behavior, likely because of the harsh conditions of the test. A life-cycle cost analysis demonstrated more favorable savings when cold recycled mixtures were used.

High-Performance Thin-Lift Overlays with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content and Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Robert Kluttz ◽  
Michael Roussel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Structural Capacity

A high-performance thin asphalt overlay (HPThinOL) is specified as having a thickness of 1 in. or less and is used in applications requiring high levels of rutting and fatigue resistance. HPThinOLs are used as a pavement preservation strategy and are placed on pavements that have remaining structural capacity that is expected to outlive that strategy. Current specifications for HPThinOLs generally call for a polymer-modified asphalt (PMA). However, PMA binders are more expensive than unmodified asphalt binders. This expense, coupled with the higher binder content requirement generally associated with HPThinOL, could lead to an initial higher cost in relation to other pavement preservation strategies. Although the higher initial cost can be offset by incorporating high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), the use of high amounts of RAP in PMA mixtures might adversely affect the mixture performance (stiffness, cracking, or workability). Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technology may improve the workability of HPThinOL that incorporates high RAP content and PMA binders. This study evaluated the effect of PMA binders, high RAP content, and WMA technology on the stiffness, resistance to reflective cracking, moisture susceptibility, and workability of HPThinOL mixtures. PMA binders and high RAP content increased the stiffness of HPThinOL significantly; however, the use of WMA technology lowered mixture stiffness and improved workability. PMA may improve the cracking resistance, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance of high-RAP HPThinOL mixtures, depending on whether a WMA technology is used.

scholarly journals Evaluation performance of base course mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Al helo ◽  
Zaynab Qasim ◽  
Ahmed Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Durability Performance

This paper presented the effect of addition of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) on performance of mixture with (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) RAP as proportion of asphalt mix. To compare with virgin mixture marshall flow and stability test was used to evaluated durability performance with (0,1,3, and 7) days immersion and Wheel Truck test was used to evaluated the resist to rutting. The best gradation and optimum asphalt content was selected according to Superpave system. Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) was used to compact mixture with 100-mm diameter. The test results indicated that addition of RAP to mixes showed significant increase on resistance of Durability and Rutting.

Research on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Recycled Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 715-719
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Du ◽  
Chao Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Cement Stabilized Base

In this paper, cement is used to stabilize reclaimed asphalt pavement materials (RAP) and original aggregate with the same gradation. Compressive strength, freezing-thawing resistance and fatigue life of cement recycled RAP mixture (CRAPM) and cement stabilize original aggregate mixture (CSAM) are evaluated. Test results indicate the compressive adhesive strength of cement-RAP is lower than cement-original aggregate. At the same gradation, RAP has negative effect on the freezing-thawing resistance of CRAPM, and can increase the fatigue life sensitive to stress level. Therefore, for using 100% RAP, it is necessary to increase the cement content to properly improve the strength and durability of RAPM in order to satisfy the specification of cement stabilized base materials in china.

scholarly journals The influence of reclaimed asphalt pavement in warm mix asphalt on asphalt concrete binder course with Retona Blend 55

2019 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Raudhah ◽  
R. Jachrizal Sumabrata ◽  
Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Asphalt Content

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) comprises removed pavement materials containing high-quality aggregates and asphalt which can be recycled as materials for new pavement construction. It is removed continually for reconstruction, resurfacing, and maintenance purposes, and if not recycled will become waste. This paper determines the influence of using different RAP percentages and asphalt content in warm mix asphalt on the Marshall test results for asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) using Retona Blend 55. The percentages of RAP are determined by analyzing the gradation of the existing aggregates in RAP and adding virgin aggregates so that it meets the standard gradation for AC-BC specified by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The RAP percentages in the asphalt mixes in this study are 35%, 45%, and 51.55% of total aggregates, while the asphalt contents are 5%, 6%, and 7% of the total mix. To determine the influence of RAP percentage and asphalt content, and to discover if there is any influence from the interaction between these two factors, the analysis is performed using a factorial design. The results of this study show that variation in RAP percentages in the mix has no significant influence on stability, flow, and Marshall quotient, but there is significant influence on void in mineral aggregates (VMA), void in mix (VIM), and void filled with asphalt (VFA). Correlations of 97.5%, 80%, and 95.1%, respectively show that increase in RAP percentage increases VMA and VIM and decreases VFA. The interaction between RAP percentage and asphalt content has no significant influence on Marshall test results.

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