scholarly journals Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anjali Gupta ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Siddharth Kumar Singh ◽  
Arunoday Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Type 3

Background. The posterior region of the mandible is more often related to iatrogenic errors, but the interforaminal region is also not spared for neurovascular complications. This study aimed to use CBCT images to evaluate the prevalence of anterior nerve looping and its variations with age, gender, and dentition status. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out by studying 600 CBCT scans retrieved from archival records of a CBCT center in Lucknow. The scans were inspected by two trained investigators. The length of the anterior loop was measured using the measuring tool of Carestream 3D imaging software. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results. The prevalence of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve was found to be 56%. The prevalence was found to be more on the right side (29.0%) compared to the left side (27.0%). The most common anterior looping of the inferior alveolar nerve was type 3 followed by type 1. Males were found to have significantly higher loops compared to females. The number of loops was found to decrease significantly with age. The mean length of the loop was found to vary from 1.14 to 1.61 mm. Conclusion. The anterior looping of IAN is very much prevalent in the Lucknow population. The use of the CBCT technique and appropriate preplanning prior to surgery or implant placement should be performed to prevent nerve injury.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Prevalence, Length And Position Of Anterior Loop Of Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Study Using CBCT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haszelini Hassan ◽  
Hikmah Mohd Nor ◽  
Nur Athiah Shaberi ◽  
Nur Aqila Syaqina Zuber ◽  
Nur Hasnaa Hishamudin
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mandibular Surgery

Introduction: Adequate space is required in the interforaminal region for anterior mandibular surgery, where the anterior loop is located within this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and to measure its length and position in patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibles from 70 patients (140 hemimandibles) were selected and evaluated in this retrospective study. A single detector, multiple slits CBCT machine was used for this purpose. The comparison was made based on gender, age and race. The prevalence, position and length of the AL were assessed using Romexis® software version 2.8.0.R. Results: An anterior loop was identified in 16.4% of the examined mandibles and mostly observed on the right side (21.4%). The prevalence of AL was significantly higher in males (69.6%) compared to females (30.4%). The mean anterior loop length recorded was 2.59 mm (± 1.63), ranged from 0.80 mm to 6.00 mm. Most of the loops were found located inferior to the apex of lower right second premolars (60%). Conclusion(s): In this study, the prevalence of AL found is significant and the length of AL was varied greatly. Although AL is an anatomical variation, findings of this study might be useful in determining the safe distance and to preserve the neurovascular bundle before an implant placement or osteotomy in the anterior region of mental foramen.

scholarly journals CBCT INVESTIGATION OF THE INTRABONY CANAL COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE VESTIBULAR AND LINGUAL PLATES IN THE ANTERIOR MANDIBLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3394-3397
Author(s):  
Dimitar Yovchev ◽  
◽  
Hristina Mihaylova ◽  
Elitsa Deliverska ◽  
Nadezhda Miteva - Yovcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Incisive Canal ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Anterior Mandible ◽  
Lingual Canal

Purpose: To assess the presence of the vestibulo - lingual intrabony canal communications (VLC) in the anterior mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Study material included 200 CBCT scans taken for preoperative planning of implant placement. The images were examined carefully by three observers concerning the presence of VLC. Interobserver agreement in identification of the canal communications was excellent (mean kappa value – 0.82). Results: Vestibulo - lingual communications were found in 27 % of cases. The communications appeared as a crossing of the lateral lingual canal with the mandibular incisive canal (type 1), as a connection between midline lingual canal (or canals) and a vestibular nutrient canal (type 2) or as a lateral lingual canal connected with the anterior loop of the mandibular canal (type 3). The main type of VLC is those between a lateral lingual canal and mandibular incisive canal – 85.2% from all of the VLCs. Conclusions: A considerable part (27%) of Bulgarian citizens has vestibulo - lingual communications in the anterior mandible. The type 1 communication prevails, and it is more frequently located on the right side. The knowledge about vestibulo - lingual communications could contribute a better understanding of bone tumor invasion but further studies are necessary.

A STUDY OF THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN ACETABULUM IN THE DRY HIP BONES OF SOUTH KERALA POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rani Raphael M ◽  
Sajey P. S. ◽  
Rajad. R ◽  
Varghese P. D
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Introduction: In human anatomy the acetabulum is a cavity on the lateral aspect of the hip-bone. The purpose of this study is to record the depth and diameter of the acetabulum cavity to accumulate morphological data helpful for anthropologists, Forensic medicine experts and orthopedicians. Materials And Methods: The study was done on 88 adult human hip bones (42 right and 46 left) collected from Department of Anatomy, Govt.T.D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala state. The diameters and maximum depth were measured using digital vernier calliper. The measurements were compared with other studies in the world. The mean diam Results: eter of acetabulum was 48.08 ± 3.21mm, 44.16 ± 2.60 mm in male and female respectively. The mean ± S.D value of depth was 29.11± 2.37 and 27.20± 2.01 mm. in male and female respectively. The correlation between depth and diameter was signicant only in the right male hip bones. There is signicant variation in the Conclusion: anatomical parameters of hip bone between different Indian population groups. The data from this study may be used for designing population specic hip prosthesis.

scholarly journals Modified approach to the characterization of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
António P. Matos ◽  
Richard C. Semelka ◽  
Vasco Herédia ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidiy ◽  
Filipe Veloso Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Objective: To describe a modified approach to the evaluation of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Materials and Methods: Our sample comprised 149 subjects (collectively presenting with 132 adenomas and 40 nonadenomas). The adrenal signal intensity index was calculated. Lesions were grouped by pattern of enhancement (PE), according to the phase during which the wash-in peaked: arterial phase (type 1 PE); portal venous phase (type 2 PE); and interstitial phase (type 3 PE). The relative and absolute wash-out values were calculated. To test for mean differences between adenomas and nonadenomas, Student's t-tests were used. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Results: The mean adrenal signal intensity index was significantly higher for the adenomas than for the nonadenomas (p < 0.0001). Chemical shift imaging showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 100%, respectively, for differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas. Of the adenomas, 47.6%, 48.5%, and 3.9%, respectively, exhibited type 1, 2, and 3 PEs. For the mean wash-in proportions, significant differences were found among the enhancement patterns. The wash-out calculations revealed a trend toward better lesion differentiation for lesions exhibiting a type 1 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively, when the absolute values were referenced, as well as for lesions exhibiting a type 2 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 68.0% and 100%, respectively, when the relative values were referenced. The calculated probability of a lipid-poor lesion that exhibited a type 3 PE being a nonadenoma was > 99%. Conclusion: Subgrouping dynamic enhancement patterns yields high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas.

scholarly journals There is a Correlation between Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis and a Circle-Type Morphology of the True Pelvis, but Not with Pelvic Incidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Gulow Jens ◽  
Pap Geza
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fracture Types ◽  
Type 3

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for the development of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). There is a lack of information about the influence of anatomical conditions such as Pelvic Incidence and Pelvic Ratio (DT/DS ratio) on this kind of fractures. Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis. X-ray images of the lumbar spine and pelvis and 3D-MPR CT reconstructions of the pelvis were analysed to determine Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Pelvic Ratio (PR) in 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between these spinopelvic parameters and fragility fractures of the pelvis. Results: A total of 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis (14 men = 9.93%, 127 women = 90.07%) were analysed. According to the FFP-classification we recognized FFP type 1 fractures in 19.15%, FFP type 2 in 41.13%, FFP type 3 in 8.51% and FFP type 4 fractures in 32.21%. The mean PI was 58.83º. There was no statistical correlation between PI and fracture types (p=0.81). The mean PR was 1.099. 57 patients (40.43%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≤ 1.06, corresponding to a circle-type morphology. 24 patients (17.02%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≥ 1.18, corresponding to an ellipse-type pelvis. A circle-type pelvis is significantly more often associated with fragility fractures of the pelvis than an ellipse-type morphology (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our work demonstrate a strong statistical correlation between the circle-type morphology of the pelvis (PR ≤ 1.06) and fragility fractures of the pelvis. There is no statistical correlation between fragility fractures of the pelvis and Pelvic Incidence.

scholarly journals Novel CineECG Derived From Standard 12-Lead ECG Enables Right Ventricle Outflow Tract Localization of Electrical Substrate in Patients With Brugada Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. van Dam ◽  
Emanuela T. Locati ◽  
Giuseppe Ciconte ◽  
Valeria Borrelli ◽  
Francesca Heilbron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Background: In Brugada syndrome (BrS), diagnosed in presence of a spontaneous or ajmaline-induced type-1 pattern, ventricular arrhythmias originate from the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT). We developed a novel CineECG method, obtained by inverse electrocardiogram (ECG) from standard 12-lead ECG, to localize the electrical activity pathway in patients with BrS. Methods: The CineECG enabled the temporospatial localization of the ECG waveforms, deriving the mean temporospatial isochrone from standard 12-lead ECG. The study sample included (1) 15 patients with spontaneous type-1 Brugada pattern, and (2) 18 patients with ajmaline-induced BrS (at baseline and after ajmaline), in whom epicardial potential duration maps were available; (3) 17 type-3 BrS pattern patients not showing type-1 BrS pattern after ajmaline (ajmaline-negative); (4) 47 normal subjects; (5) 18 patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB). According to CineECG algorithm, each ECG was classified as Normal, Brugada, RBBB, or Undetermined. Results: In patients with spontaneous or ajmaline-induced BrS, CineECG localized the terminal mean temporospatial isochrone forces in the RVOT, congruent with the arrhythmogenic substrate location detected by epicardial potential duration maps. The RVOT location was never observed in normal, RBBB, or ajmaline-negative patients. In most patients with ajmaline-induced BrS (78%), the RVOT location was already evident at baseline. The CineECG classified all normal subjects and ajmaline-negative patients at baseline as Normal or Undetermined, all patients with RBBB as RBBB, whereas all patients with spontaneous and ajmaline-induced BrS as Brugada. Compared with standard 12-lead ECG, CineECG at baseline had a 100% positive predictive value and 81% negative predictive value in predicting ajmaline test results. Conclusions: In patients with spontaneous and ajmaline-induced BrS, the CineECG localized the late QRS activity in the RVOT, a phenomenon never observed in normal, RBBB, or ajmaline-negative patients. The possibility to identify the RVOT as the location of the arrhythmogenic substrate by the noninvasive CineECG, based on the standard 12-lead ECG, opens new prospective for diagnosing patients with BrS.

Prevalence and Length of the Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Iranians

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rastegar Moghddam ◽  
Zeinab Davoudmanesh ◽  
Nasim Azizi ◽  
Vahid Rakhshan ◽  
Mahsa Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve is a sensitive anatomical feature that should be taken into account during installation of dental implants anterior to the mental foramen. This study was conducted to explore the controversy regarding prevalence and length. A total of 452 mandible quadrants of 234 patients (age: 50.1 ± 13.3 years, 113 males, 121 females) were studied using cone-beam computerized tomography. After reconstructing axial, frontal, and sagittal slices, the region between the most anterior point on the mental foramen and the most anterior part of the mandibular nerve was inspected for signs of anterior loop presence. If positive, the length of the anterior loop was measured in mm as the distance between the anterior border of mental foramen and the anterior border of the loop. Prevalence and length of the anterior loop were compared statistically between sexes and age groups. The anterior loop was observed in 106 quadrants (23.5% of 451 quadrants) of 95 patients (40.6% of 234 patients), of whom 11 had bilateral anterior loops. Prevalences were similar in males (41%) and females (39%, chi-square P =.791). The mean anterior loop length was 2.77 ± 1.56 mm (95% CI: 2.5–3.1 mm), without significant sex (regression beta = −0.159, P = .134) or age (beta = −0.059, P = .578) differences. The anterior loop might exist in about 40% of patients, regardless of their gender. The mean safe anterior distance from the anterior loop is about 3 mm + (2.5–3.1 mm) = 5.5–6.1 mm, regardless of age.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI LETAK NOZZLE VENTURI MIXER PADA GENSET BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muhrom Khudhori
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Machine Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Venturi Nozzle ◽  
Optimal Type

Carburetor modification to the venturi mixer to put a hole in the center of the venturi (end of hole venturi type nozzle on the outlet end venturi section) can turn the engine generator using biogas fuel. Airflow velocity carburetor venturi section will begin upon entering the venturi section and will be maximal at the time in the middle of the venturi section. So of course the location of the placement of venturi carburetor venturi mixer on the right cross section will be obtained velocity airflow + optimum biogas. It is necessary for optimizing the placement location of the modification of the carburetor venturi mixer, air flow + in order to obtain optimum biogas which will have implications for the performance of the generator engine. In this research, manufacture three prototypes nozzle venturi mixer that will be placed at different places in the venturi duct, then the performance test was done to determine the type and location of the venturi nozzle prototype mixer is optimal. From the results of this study that : 1) Prototype nozzle venturi mixer with the tip of the nozzle in the middle (shape elbow) has the most complicated construction than the second type (type 1 and 2) the other. Manufacturing and assembly to form the elbow (type 3) is also more complicated and more difficult , this is because the space available / remaining biogas is limited to hole channel, and 2) Using a prototype generator machine type 3 is more stable when compared with other types, despite the decline, but not very significant in comparison with the other 2 types, so the prototype mixer venturi nozzle is the most optimal type 3 (square shape).

scholarly journals Intra-Oral Ultrasonography of Young Adult Mandibular Foramen: A Reliable Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojdeh Mehdizadeh ◽  
Negar Baharlouei ◽  
Hossein Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
The Right

Background: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block is the most commonly used mandibular injection method for local anesthesia in restorative and surgical procedures. Ultrasound images can provide more accurate information about the location of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasound images of patients to determine the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) relative to the adjacent landmarks. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 50 patients were subjected to intra-oral ultrasonography of the right and left sides of the mandible. An Alpinion ultrasound system (Seoul, South Korea) was used for detecting the MF, as well as its distance from different landmarks. Results: In all patients, the MF was found using color Doppler ultrasonography. The probability of detecting MF in conventional ultrasonography was estimated at 36% and 18% for the right and left sides of the mandible without using the Doppler technique, respectively. The mean MF distance from the anterior border of the ramus was 14.6 ± 2.1 and 16.1 ± 2.1 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Also, the vertical distance of MF from the occlusal plane was 7.5 ± 1.1 mm on the right side and 8.7 ± 1.2 mm on the left side of the mandible. In all studied patients, the MF was above the occlusal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ultrasonography is not only a suitable option for intra-oral imaging due to its non-ionizing beams, but is also appropriate for localization of the MF and its related landmarks.

Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: A Computed Tomography Analysis and New Classifications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Alaa Omar Khazbak ◽  
Diaa Bakry Eldib ◽  
Hesham Youssef Algazzar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Abstract Objective to determine the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy and variations by computed tomography (CT) in adult and their relations to and presents new AEA classifications. Methods One hundred and fifty paranasal CT scans (300 sides) were included. Axial images were acquired with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes. Results One hundred and forty-four AEAs canal (48%), 293 AEAs foramen (97.7%), and 229 AEAs sulcus could be detected (76.3%). The mean AEA intranasal length was 6.7 ± 1.27 mm (range: 4.24–10.6 mm). The mean angle between AEA and lamina papyracea was 105.49 ± 9.28 degrees (range: 76.41–129.76 degrees). Of them, 95.8% AEAs had an angle with lamina >90 degrees, while 4.2% had angle <90 degrees. The mean angle between AEA and lateral lamella of cribriform plate was 103.95 ± 13.08 degrees (range: 65.57–141.36 degrees). Of them, 87.5% AEAs had an angle >90 degrees and 12.5% had an angle <90 degrees. The mean distance between AEA and skull base was 1.37 ± 1.98 mm (range: 0–8.35 mm). The AEA types in relation to skull base was type 1 (0–2 mm from skull base; 64.6%), type 2 (2–4 mm; 22.2%), type 3 (4–6 mm; 11.1%), and type 4 (>6 mm; 2.1%). The mean distance between the AEA and frontal sinus ostium was 9.17 ± 4.72 mm (range: 0–25.36 mm). AEA classification according to distance from AEA to frontal sinus ostium was 17.4% type 1 (<5 mm), 41.7% type 2 (5–10 mm), 31.9% type 3 (10–15 mm), and 9% type 4 (>15 mm). Conclusion Provided AEA details improve surgeons' awareness of AEA variations in the endoscopic field and can help residents in training.

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