scholarly journals The Choice of Multimodal Transport Mode of Agricultural By-Product Logistics in Land-Sea New Corridor in Western China Based on Big Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Ziyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mode Selection ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Operation Center ◽  
By Products

The “new land-sea corridor” has brought cross-border facilitation and increased trade financing channels. It not only has long been a road-sea transportation corridor but also has been upgraded to a trade corridor. As one of the most inclusive cities, Chongqing, with the help of this channel, can bring more dividends and international resources to the entire western region. Through the logistics base of Singaporean-Chongqing cooperation in multimodal transport, Chongqing can play an important role as a channel operation center and an important logistics hub. Some international shipping resources will be extended to Chongqing, letting the whole western region share the agricultural by-products brought by Southeast Asian countries. Multimodal transport is a common mode of transport in international trade; it combines various modes of transport organically, brings into play the advantages of various modes of transport, and can reduce costs to a large extent. At present, multimodal transport is mostly used for importing and exporting goods; multimodal transport is not widely used in agricultural by-product logistics transportation. Multimodal combination will be used in the transportation of agricultural by-product logistics; it can avoid the shortcomings of simply using road transportation and make the logistics transportation cost of agricultural by-products lower and management more convenient. Based on the large data, this paper considers factors such as route factors, transfer mode selection, and window meeting time in the transfer process; a mathematical model and advanced colony ant algorithm can be used to solve the transfer optimization problem of a very large fleet of agricultural by-product logistics. This solution can provide instructions and suggestions for companies that should increase relevant scientific research.

Impact of accidents risk on hydrogen road transportation cost

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Caputo ◽  
Pacifico M. Pelagagge ◽  
Paolo Salini
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Road Transportation

scholarly journals An Inverse Robust Optimisation Approach for a Class of Vehicle Routing Problems under Uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problems ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Robust Optimisation ◽  
Routing Problems ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Total Transportation Cost

There is a trade-off between the total penalty paid to customers (TPC) and the total transportation cost (TTC) in depot for vehicle routing problems under uncertainty (VRPU). The trade-off refers to the fact that the TTC in depot inevitably increases when the TPC decreases andvice versa. With respect to this issue, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) with uncertain customer demand and travel time was studied to optimise the TPC and the TTC in depot. In addition, an inverse robust optimisation approach was proposed to solve this kind of VRPU by combining the ideas of inverse optimisation and robust optimisation so as to improve both the TPC and the TTC in depot. The method aimed to improve the corresponding TTC of the robust optimisation solution under the minimum TPC through minimising the adjustment of benchmark road transportation cost. According to the characteristics of the inverse robust optimisation model, a genetic algorithm (GA) and column generation algorithm are combined to solve the problem. Moreover, 39 test problems are solved by using an inverse robust optimisation approach: the results show that both the TPC and TTC obtained by using the inverse robust optimisation approach are less than those calculated using a robust optimisation approach.

scholarly journals How to improve the satisfaction levels of new rural cooperative medical system in underdeveloped areas of China?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin Yao ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Chunping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Over the years, China has designed a new rural cooperative medical system for large rural population, which enables them to obtain adequate medical services and prevents poverty caused by medical treatments. However, the rapid economic growth makes the allocation of health resources and the efficient utilization of health services face severe challenges. The study aims to reveal the medical inequality of eight underdeveloped provinces from the perspectives of medical institutions, insurance policies, the government and farmers, in order to puts forward relevant recommendations.Methods: The relevant statistics about assessing the characteristics and equity of demographics, socio-economic and geographical dimensions were from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Health Statistics Yearbook. A face-to-face sampling survey of farmers in 24 counties of eight less developed provinces (Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) was carried out by multi-stage stratified random sampling. The protection effect of New Rural Cooperative Medical System（NRCMS）, satisfaction of medical service and willingness to participate in NRCMS were analyzed.Results: Since the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system, there has been an inequality in medical service and insurance policy among poor residents in western China. The uneven distribution of medical resources, the inadequacy of local government investment, the complexity of the reimbursement process, and the low amount of compensation resulted in only 26.6% of the population believing that the economic burden of the disease had been reduced, and 57.3% that the relief effect was not obvious. The remaining 16.1% thought the system was ineffective and farmers' satisfaction was not enough. Conclusion: Compared with the eastern and central regions, there was a certain degree of unfairness in government investment in the resources of medical institutions of the western region with new rural cooperative medical care. This study suggested that policy makers can attract high-quality medical staff to the western region by providing economic security and improving policies. In addition, the increase of the government regional health expenditure and supervision propaganda was one of the important ways to improve the farmers' satisfaction with the policy.

scholarly journals City-Level Features of Energy Footprints and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Sichuan Province of China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junbo Wang ◽  
Liu Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
Minxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Western Region

The sustainable development of the western region of China has always been essential to the national development strategy. The Western region has undertaken an industrial transfer from the Eastern and Central regions. Therefore, the CO2 emission intensity in the western region is higher than those of the Eastern and Central regions of China, and consequently its low-carbon development pathway has an important impact for China as a whole. Sichuan Province is not only the province with the highest CO2 emissions, but also the most economically developed province in Western China in 2018. In order to promote low carbon development in the western region, it is important to understand the features of emissions in Sichuan Province and to formulate effective energy strategies accordingly. This paper uses the IPCC regional emission accounting method to calculate the carbon emissions of 15 cities in Sichuan province, and to comply with the city-level emission accounts. The results show that the total carbon emissions of Sichuan province over the past 10 years was 3258.32 mt and reached a peak in 2012. The smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, coal mining and dressing were the leading sectors that contributed to the emissions, accounting for 17.86% and 15.82%, respectively. Raw coal, cleaned coal, and coke were the most significant contributors to CO2 emissions, accounting for 43.73%, 9.55%, and 6.60%, respectively. Following the above results, the Sichuan provincial government can formulate differentiated energy structure policies according to different energy consumption structures and carbon emission levels in the 15 cities. By controlling the level of total emissions and regulating larger industrial emitters in Sichuan province, some useful information could be provided as an essential reference for low-carbon development in Western China, and contribute to the promotion of emissions mitigation from a more holistic perspective.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Vegetation in the Growing Season in Western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Yuan ◽  
Zhengfu Bian ◽  
Qingwu Yan ◽  
Zhiyun Gu ◽  
Haochen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western China ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics

Since the implementation of the great western development strategy in 2000, the ecological environment in the western region of China has been significantly improved. In order to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation coverage in the western region, this paper adopted the method of Maximum Value Composite (MVC) to obtain the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of vegetation on the basis of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spector audiometer (MODIS) data of 2000/2005/2010/2015/2018. Thereafter, the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of vegetation in western China were analyzed. The results show that: (1) According to the time characteristics of vegetation coverage in the western region, the average annual NDVI value of vegetation coverage in the growing season in the western region fluctuated between 0.12 and 0.15, among which that of 2000 to 2010 fluctuated more greatly but did not show obvious change trend. (2) Based on Sen trend and Mann-Kendall test analysis, the area of vegetation coverage improvement in the western region from 2000 to 2018 was larger than that of significant vegetation degradation. (3) From the perspective of global autocorrelation coefficient, Moran’s I values were all positive from 2000 to 2018, which indicates that the vegetation coverage in the west showed strong positive autocorrelation in each period. According to the average value and coefficient of variation of vegetation coverage, the vegetation coverage was lower in 2000, its internal variation was smaller, and the vegetation coverage increased with time. According to the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, the vegetation coverage levels in different regions varied greatly. (4) The standard deviation ellipse method was used to study the spatial distribution and directional transformation of vegetation. It makes the result more intuitive, and the three levels of gravity center shift, direction shift, and angle shift were considered: the vegetation growth condition in the spatial aggregation area improved in 2015; the standard deviation ellipses in 2000 and 2018 overlapped and shifted eastward, which indicates that the vegetation coverage conditions in the two years were similar and got ameliorated.

scholarly journals Regional Inequality of Firms’ Export Opportunity in China: Geographical Location and Economic Openness

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Peixin Li ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
Xueliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Obvious Inequality

China has a large land area and uneven regional development. There are significant disparities between the three belts (eastern, central, and western China), with the eastern region being the most developed and the western region the least developed. Considering that export is regarded as one of the troikas for China’s economic growth and firms are the basic entities engaged in trade activities, we examine whether there exists inequality of firms’ export opportunity between the three regions. We find that the critical productivity level of firms’ export in developed eastern China is significantly lower than that of western and central regions. Our results indicate that firms in eastern China are more likely to export and there is an obvious inequality of firms’ exporting opportunities.

Optimal Route in International Transportation of Thailand – Guangxi (China)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Nathathai Krebs ◽  
Boonsub Panichakarn
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transportation Routes

Objective - This study examines the selection of international transportation routes from Thailand to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), People's Republic of China. Guangxi has been designated a significant role as the gateway to ASEAN and has several land borders and seaports connecting to countries in ASEAN. Methodology/Technique - In this work, we studied 6 connecting routes, 3 of which are road routes, namely routes R8, R9, and R12 and 3 other multimodal (road-sea) routes operating from/to Laemchabang port and Nanning of Guangxi, route through Haiphong port of Vietnam, route through Qinzhou port of China, and route through Guangzhou port of China. We analysed the data using the Cost/Time Distance Model, in combination with surveys and in-depth interviews, to investigate the limitations and benefits of each route. Findings - Base on costs in 2017, we found that sea routes have much lower costs than the land routes in general; the lowest cost is route through Qinzhou port. On the other hand, the time used in transportation is much shorter for the land routes; the shortest route is the R12 route. Furthermore, in terms of limitations and benefits, we found that the Qinzhou route has many limitations such as long custom processes for fruit and agricultural products and no backhaul cargo. Meanwhile, the limitations for route R8 include crossing Mekong river on truck ferries and the presence of very steep mountain roads in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Route R12 winds down the mountain both in Vietnam and Laos, whereas route R9 is advantageous; most of that route has a flat terrain and is operated under the Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA). The route through Haiphong port is also advantageous with a direct highway from Haiphong to Hanoi of Vietnam. In conclusion, it is suggested that road transportation is more efficient than sea transportation. Novelty - Further consideration among road routes and, with emphasis on costs and time, the best route is then route R12. However, if one is concerned with risk of damage to products, then route R9 is the best. The optimal route from Thailand to Guangxi depends on the conditions and decision criteria of the stakeholders. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: International Transportation; Multimodal Transportation; Cost/time Distance Model; Guangxi (China); Road Transportation; Sea Transportation. JEL Classification: F02, F10, F19.

Digital Libraries in the Western Region of China

2016 ◽  
pp. 136-162
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Sha ◽  
Wenjing Hu ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Global Trend

The rapid technological development of the 21st century brought with it the rise of the digital library, which has become a global trend in university libraries. This chapter examines the construction and development of university digital libraries in western China. By investigating the current samples, consisting of 100 universities in the region, we try to reveal problems which arise during the construction process and discuss the future directions of university digital libraries in western China.

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