scholarly journals Regional Inequality of Firms’ Export Opportunity in China: Geographical Location and Economic Openness

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Peixin Li ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
Xueliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Obvious Inequality

China has a large land area and uneven regional development. There are significant disparities between the three belts (eastern, central, and western China), with the eastern region being the most developed and the western region the least developed. Considering that export is regarded as one of the troikas for China’s economic growth and firms are the basic entities engaged in trade activities, we examine whether there exists inequality of firms’ export opportunity between the three regions. We find that the critical productivity level of firms’ export in developed eastern China is significantly lower than that of western and central regions. Our results indicate that firms in eastern China are more likely to export and there is an obvious inequality of firms’ exporting opportunities.

The Food and Growth of the Maskinonge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill) in Canadian Waters

1952 ◽  
Vol 8c (5) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Hourston
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
St Lawrence River

Maskinonge from three regions were studied: the Lake of the Woods district in Ontario (called Western); the Kawartha Lakes and Georgian Bay district in Ontario (Central) and the St. Lawrence River district in Quebec (Eastern). Examination of 202 stomachs, 81 containing food, showed the maskinonge to be a general carnivore, preying mainly on fish over 150 mm. in length. The families Percidae, Catostomidae, Ameiuridae, Centrarchidae, Hiodontidae, Esocidae and Cyprinidae were represented, along with at least one Cambarus. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens, was the species eaten most frequently in all three regions. A common white sucker (Catostomus commersonnii) was found in a stomach of the hybrid E. masquinongy × E. lucius. Examination of the teeth of each specimen showed that they were being continuously replaced throughout the summer season.Rate of growth varied with sex and locality. Females had a significantly faster rate of growth, both in length and in weight, than did males. Maskinonge from the Western Region were shorter and weighed less than fish of the same age from the other two regions. Maskinonge of the Eastern and Central Regions reached the legal size of 30 inches fork length during their fifth summer, but in the Western Region they did not attain this size until their seventh summer. The length-weight relationship appears to be the same in the Eastern and Central Regions, whereas maskinonge from the Western Region tended to be heavier than those of comparable lengths from the other two regions. In all regions the length-weight relationship was a straight line when plotted logarithmically, its slope being estimated as 3.26 in the Eastern Region. Sexual maturity occurs first between the ages of three and six years, or about 575 to 800 mm. fork length. Specimens of a E. masquinongy × E. lucius hybrid appeared to be infertile. They did not differ from the maskinonge specimens in their length-weight relationships but made faster growth than did the maskinonge from the same region.

scholarly journals Does ‘The Belt and Road Initiative’ Promote the Economic Growth of Key Participating Provinces? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Maoguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Western China ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

As a new Chinese national strategy, ‘The Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative’ has attracted substantial interest with its broad development prospect and huge economic impetus. However, existing research is not comprehensive due to the limitation of specific industry and there are few empirical studies. This paper adopted the panel data of key participating provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 according to the China City Statistical Yearbook to fill in the research gap. Around the issue of whether the B&R initiative promotes the economic development of Chinese key participating provinces along the routes, this paper proposed three hypotheses and used DID, PSM-DID and DDD methods to study relevant factors and the influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that the B&R policy could promote the overall economic development of participants on the whole, despite a certain degree of policy effect lag. Moreover, after the division of geographical location and administrative level in the eastern and west-central regions of China, the study found that the B&R initiative has significantly facilitated the advancement of the economy in the west-central areas, especially the less developed regions. In addition, after the classification of marketization degree, it is found that the B&R policy has a greater promoting effect on regions with high marketization degree than those with low marketization degree. Through the mechanism test, it is discovered that the tertiary industry is the main economic accelerator for growth in central and western China. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper provided policy suggestions to further implement the B&R strategy.

scholarly journals City-Level Features of Energy Footprints and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Sichuan Province of China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junbo Wang ◽  
Liu Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
Minxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Western Region

The sustainable development of the western region of China has always been essential to the national development strategy. The Western region has undertaken an industrial transfer from the Eastern and Central regions. Therefore, the CO2 emission intensity in the western region is higher than those of the Eastern and Central regions of China, and consequently its low-carbon development pathway has an important impact for China as a whole. Sichuan Province is not only the province with the highest CO2 emissions, but also the most economically developed province in Western China in 2018. In order to promote low carbon development in the western region, it is important to understand the features of emissions in Sichuan Province and to formulate effective energy strategies accordingly. This paper uses the IPCC regional emission accounting method to calculate the carbon emissions of 15 cities in Sichuan province, and to comply with the city-level emission accounts. The results show that the total carbon emissions of Sichuan province over the past 10 years was 3258.32 mt and reached a peak in 2012. The smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, coal mining and dressing were the leading sectors that contributed to the emissions, accounting for 17.86% and 15.82%, respectively. Raw coal, cleaned coal, and coke were the most significant contributors to CO2 emissions, accounting for 43.73%, 9.55%, and 6.60%, respectively. Following the above results, the Sichuan provincial government can formulate differentiated energy structure policies according to different energy consumption structures and carbon emission levels in the 15 cities. By controlling the level of total emissions and regulating larger industrial emitters in Sichuan province, some useful information could be provided as an essential reference for low-carbon development in Western China, and contribute to the promotion of emissions mitigation from a more holistic perspective.

scholarly journals Surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Chinese hospitals - A five-year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Qu ◽  
Haipeng Wang ◽  
Chaoran Chen ◽  
Zhimin Tao ◽  
Chang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Western China ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Introduction: Antibiotic consumption is associated with the development of antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to study the relationship between antibiotic consumption and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in three public general tertiary hospitals from 2011-2015 in the eastern, western and central regions of China. Methodology: Valid data were collected quarterly, and the antibiotic consumption data were expressed as the defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 inpatient days (ID). Bacterial resistance was reported as the percentage of resistant isolates among all tested isolates. Individual trends were calculated by linear regression, while possible correlations between antibiotic consumption and CRKP were evaluated by distributed lags time series analysis. Results: Over the 5-year period, an overall significant increasing trend (P < 0.1, R2 > 0.3) of carbapenems consumption and the prevalence of CRKP was observed in all three hospitals. This correlated with the use of ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefminox and meropenem at a hospital in eastern China, with the increased use of meropenem at a hospital in eentral China and with the increased use of doxycycline, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, meropenem and biapenem at a hospital in western China. Conclusions: We report a high incidence of CRKP in all three hospitals and that an increase in carbapenem usage is associated with this. Further research is needed to elucidate which factors influence the increased consumption of carbapenems.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Spatial Distribution of Transportation Accessibility in the Regions Involved in the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Shi ◽  
Zhen You ◽  
Zhiming Feng ◽  
Yanzhao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Classification Evaluation ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese strategy, proposed to strengthen the connectivity and cooperation among BRI countries. Under this circumstance, many transportation projects are planned to be carried out, which means the transportation accessibility evaluation is of significance in providing valuable suggestions for transportation construction. This research established a global transportation accessibility index (GTAI) model in the BRI region using raster data. Based on its gridded outputs, we conducted classification evaluation, autocorrelation analysis, and a geographical weighted regression model to explore the spatial characteristics of the GTAI distribution and its correlation with population density. The results show that: (1) most countries in Europe and the Middle East, western Russia, and eastern China enjoy high accessibility, while central regions (e.g., Central Asia and western China) have poor access to destinations; (2) the GTAI values are distributed as a spindle, where about 60% areas belong to the middle transportation accessibility region, mapped as a non-significant type; and (3) there is a positive relationship between transportation accessibility and population distribution, but their connection tends to be weaker as socioeconomic development increases. Finally, several policy implementations are provided: (1) give a priority to road or railway construction between China and Central Asian countries; (2) establish an innovative transportation system and introduce advanced technologies to enhance the exchange and cooperation among the BRI countries; (3) improve public transport management in well-developed regions, and introduce talents and strengthen transportation infrastructure construction in developing regions.

scholarly journals Does Energy Price Induce China’s Green Energy Innovation?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Siming Liu ◽  
Xueying Xu ◽  
Pierre Failler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Western China ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Price Distortion ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Energy Innovation ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between energy price and green energy innovation in China, and first studies the impact of energy price on China’s green energy innovation, then further investigates the moderating role of energy price distortion in the price–innovation relationship, especially in the context of lagging energy marketization level in the process of China’s transition from planned economy to the market economy. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017, this paper provides a measurement of green energy innovation capacity through the number of “alternative energy production” and “energy conservation” patents. Our results show that energy price has a significantly positive impact on China’s green energy innovation, no matter the number of green energy patent applications or the number of green energy patent grants is used as the proxy of green energy innovation capacity. However, there exists heterogeneity related to the influence of energy price on green energy innovation. Specifically, energy price has a noticeable role in promoting green energy innovation in central and western China, but not in eastern China. Further research results show that energy price distortion significantly reduces the inducing effect of energy price on green energy innovation. Meanwhile, the distortion degrees of energy price in the central and western regions of China are significantly lower than that in the eastern region, which explains to a large extent why the inducing effect of energy price on innovation is more prominent in the central and western regions.

An Analysis on the Differences of Regional Energy Efficiency in China - The Empirical Study Based on Theil Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Shi Xiang Zhang ◽  
Ya Dong Ning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Region Difference ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Difference

This paper divides Chinas 30 provinces into eastern region, central region and western region, uses the energy intensity as an index to analyze energy efficiency from 1995 to 2010 in China and take the empirical study in regional differences of energy efficiency by Theil index. The results of this research indicate that the total, within-region and between-region difference of energy efficiency are all constantly reducing in China. There is a rapid decrease of the total difference and within-region difference of energy efficiency. The total difference mainly consists of within-regional difference. The within-region differences of energy efficiency in the three regions are not the same. To be specific, the difference in the eastern and central regions decreases, while the difference in the western region is showing some characteristics of fluctuation.

scholarly journals China Regional Resource and Economic Coordinated Development Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Liu yi ◽  
Zhang Mingrui ◽  
Liu Yinghe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Research Objects

Eastern, mid and western China were taken as research objects, and the data from 2007-2016 and evaluating regional resource and economic development were selected in this paper. The result shows that the development level from domestic region fluctuates in small scope with an obvious regional difference during the study period. (Eastern region has the highest level of coordinated development followed by mid and western region.)

How tourism industry agglomeration improves tourism economic efficiency?

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110091
Author(s):  
Zhoufei Li ◽  
Huiyue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Industry Agglomeration ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
The Impact

The agglomeration of the tourism industry has important effects on its efficiency. This article used panel data on the Chinese provincial tourism industry for the 2011–2016 period, applied the location quotient index and three-stage data envelopment analysis method to, respectively, measure the degree of agglomeration and efficiency, and explained the impact of agglomeration on tourism efficiency. The empirical results of this study indicate the following. (1) China’s tourism industry shows a trend towards agglomeration, revealing gradient differences where the highest degree of agglomeration is in the eastern region, followed by the western and central regions. (2) After eliminating random and environmental factors, the adjusted efficiencies are lower than the unadjusted efficiencies. The average overall tourism efficiency is higher in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. (3) From the national perspective, industrial agglomeration can significantly improve the overall efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency of the tourism industry. (4) Based on regional analysis, the agglomeration of the eastern tourism industry can significantly enhance its TE and PTE. Agglomeration for the western area has a significant positive impact on PTE. There is no significant relationship between agglomeration and efficiency in the central region.

scholarly journals Mapping and Evaluating Human Pressure Changes in the Qilian Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Quntao Duan ◽  
Lihui Luo ◽  
Wenzhi Zhao ◽  
Yanli Zhuang ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Western China ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Qilian Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Human activities have dramatically changed ecosystems. As an irreplaceable ecological barrier in western China, the Qilian Mountains (QLM) provide various ecosystem services for humans. To evaluate the changes in the intensity of human activities in the QLM and their impact on the ecosystem, the human footprint (HF) method was used to conduct a spatial dataset of human activity intensity. In our study, the NDVI was used to characterize the growth of vegetation, and six categories of human pressures were employed to create the HF map in the QLM for 2000–2015 at a 1-km scale. The results showed that the mean NDVI during the growing season showed a significant increasing trend over the entire QLM in the period 2000–2015, while the NDVI showed a significant declining trend of more than 70% concentrated in Qinghai. Human pressure throughout the QLM occurred at a low level during 2000–2015, being greater in the eastern region than the western region, while the Qinghai area had greater human pressure than the Gansu area. Due to the improvement in traffic facilities, tourism, overgrazing, and other illegal activities, grasslands, shrublands, forests, wetlands, and bare land were the vegetation types most affected by human activities (in decreasing order). As the core area of the QLM, the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve (NR) has effectively reduced the impact of human activities. However, due to the existence of many ecological historical debts caused by unreasonable management in the past, the national park established in 2017 is facing great challenges to achieve its goals. These data and results will provide reference and guidance for future protection and restoration of the QLM ecosystem.

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