scholarly journals Evolution of Traffic Microsimulation and Its Use for Modeling Connected and Automated Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Narayana Raju ◽  
Haneen Farah
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
On The Road

Traffic microsimulation has a functional role in understanding the traffic performance on the road network. This study originated with intent to understand traffic microsimulation and its use in modeling connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Initially, the paper focuses on understanding the evolution of traffic microsimulation and on examining the various commercial and open-source simulation platforms available and their importance in traffic microsimulation studies. Following this, current autonomous vehicle (AV) microsimulation strategies are reviewed. From the review analysis, it is observed that AVs are modeled in traffic microsimulation with two sets of strategies. In the first set, the inbuilt models are used to replicate the driving behavior of AVs by adapting the models’ parameters. In the second strategy, AV behavior is programmed with the help of externalities (e.g., Application Programming Interface (API)). Studies simulating AVs with inbuilt models used mostly VISSIM compared to other microsimulation platforms. In addition, the studies are heavily focused on AVs’ penetration rate impact on traffic flow characteristics and traffic safety. On the other hand, studies which simulated AVs with externalities focused on the communication aspects for traffic management. Finally, the cosimulation strategies for simulating the CAVs are explored, and the ongoing research attempts are discussed. The present study identifies the limitations of present CAV microsimulation studies and proposes prospects and improvements in modeling AVs in traffic microsimulation.

scholarly journals The Effects of ITS Application in Speed Management on State Road From Mali Pozarevac to Kragujevac

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Petrović ◽  
Miloš Milosavljević ◽  
Milan Božović ◽  
Danislav Drašković ◽  
Milija Radović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
On The Road

The application of intelligent transport systems (hereinafter ITSs) on roads enables continuous monitoring of road users during a whole year with the aim to collect good-quality data based on which the more complex analyses could be done, such as monitoring of certain traffic safety indicators. Automatic traffic counters are one of the most commonly implemented ITSs for collecting traffic flow parameters that are relevant for traffic management on state roads in Republic of Serbia. This paper presents one of the possible ways to collect, analyze and present data on road users’ speeds using automatic traffic counters, where certain traffic safety indicators are analyzed in terms of road users’ compliance with the speed limit on the road section from Mali Pozarevac to Kragujevac. Based on the analyses of data downloaded from automatic traffic counters, it is observed that an extremely high percentage of vehicles drive at speed higher than the speed limit, indicating clearly to higher traffic accident risk, as well as to the need for a tendency to implement speed management on roads using ITS in the forthcoming period.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Paula Razin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California.

Self-Driving Cars

2020 ◽  
pp. 490-507
Author(s):  
Pooja Jha ◽  
K. Sridhar Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Human errors are the main cause of vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars bear the promise to significantly reduce accidents by taking the human factor out of the equation, while in parallel monitor the surroundings, detect and react immediately to potentially dangerous situations and driving behaviors. Artificial intelligence tool trains the computers to do things like detect lane lines and identify cyclists by showing them millions of examples of the subject at hand. The chapter in this book discusses the technological advancement in transportation. It also covers the autonomy used according to The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The functional architecture of self-driving cars is further discussed. The chapter also talks about two algorithms for detection of lanes as well as detection of vehicles on the road for self-driving cars. Next, the ethical discussions surrounding the autonomous vehicle involving stakeholders, technologies, social environments, and costs vs. quality have been discussed.

scholarly journals An Indoor Vehicle-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform Testing Method for Autonomous Emergency Braking

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xiangmo Zhao ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
Jingjun Cheng ◽  
Wenwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Fast Solution ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Performance

Autonomous vehicle (AV) is expected to be the ultimate solution for traffic safety, while autonomous emergency braking (AEB), as a crucial and fundamental active safety function of AV, has excellent potential for reducing fatalities and improving road safety. Although AV has the ability to cope with harsh conditions, it is supposed to be tested fully, systematically, and rigorously before it is officially commercialized. This study developed a novel indoor AV-in-the-loop (AVIL) simulation platform based on Client-Server (C/S) architecture for real full-scale AV testing. The proposed AVIL simulation platform consists of three parts: physical hardware components, software components, and various electrical interfaces that ensure the bidirectional virtual reality (VR) interaction. To validate the functionality and performance of the platform, this paper then adopted the Udwadia–Kalaba (U-K) approach to build the AEB system based on a typical driving situation due to the explicitness and simplicity of the U-K approach. Further, a group of real road-based experiments and AVIL-based experiments were conducted. The experimental results showed that the testing data obtained from the proposed AVIL platform have a high similarity to those of the real road tests, which means that the proposed AVIL platform is capable of simulating the AV running condition when it performs linear emergency braking on the road, thus confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the AVIL platform for AV AEB testing. Simultaneously, the testing time and repeatability of the latter performed better. The findings of this study provide a new safe, effective, and fast solution to AV testing, and the practicability of this method has been verified.

scholarly journals Review of Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles for Urban Driving and Parking

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Teck Kai Chan ◽  
Cheng Siong Chin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
On The Road

With the concept of Internet-of-Things, autonomous vehicles can provide higher driving efficiency, traffic safety, and freedom for the driver to perform other tasks. This paper first covers enabling technology involving a vehicle moving out of parking, traveling on the road, and parking at the destination. The development of autonomous vehicles relies on the data collected for deployment in actual road conditions. Research gaps and recommendations for autonomous intelligent vehicles are included. For example, a sudden obstacle while the autonomous vehicle executes the parking trajectory on the road is discussed. Several aspects of social problems, such as the liability of an accident affecting the autonomous vehicle, are described. A smart device to detect abnormal driving behaviors to prevent possible accidents is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Extracting Road Traffic Volume in the City before and during covid-19 through Video Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

Feasibility Study of Traffic Signals at Intersections in Peshawar, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1645-1649
Author(s):  
Rawid Khan ◽  
Ghulam Dastagir ◽  
Omar Shahid ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Bashir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Signal Time

The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar Pakistan. Traffic data collected and warrant tests checked at selected intersections. Peak hour vehicular volume warrant test selected and performed at intersections. Signal timing capacity and delay analysis performed and level of service determined for selected intersection. It was found that “for the same width of the road” the delay and level of service is different at different locations and the corresponding signal time is also different. Some data also analysed in 3D micro simulation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Automatic traffic light controller for emergency vehicle using peripheral interface controller

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norlezah Hashim ◽  
Fakrulradzi Idris ◽  
Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin ◽  
Siti Suhaila Jaapar Sidek
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Light Area ◽  
On The Road

Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.

scholarly journals STUDI KERUSAKAN JALAN DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR SETEMPAT (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN BLANGKEJEREN – LAWE AUNAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Muhammad Isya ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan road conditions overall is on the slopes of the mountains which is strongly influenced by local environmental factors such as drainage, topography, soil conditions, material conditions and vehicle load conditions across the road. It should be noted in order to avoid a decrease in the road quality due to road surface damage that can affect the traffic safety, comfort and smoothness.. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evaluation of the condition of the damaged road surface and the local factors that affect the damage in order to avoid a decrease in the roads quality. This study took place on Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan roads started from Sta. 529 + 700 - Sta. 535 + 206. Generally, the condition of roads in this segment were found damage that disturb the comfort, smoothness and safety of the roads users. In this study, the primary data obtained by actual surveys in the form of data field length, width, area, and depth of each type of damage as well as local factors that lead to such damage. Actual field surveys conducted along the 5.506 km, with the distance interval of each segment is 100 m. The secondary data obtained from the relevant institutions and other materials related to this research. This study analyzed the PCI method (Pavement Condition Index) to obtain the level of damage in order to know how to handle, while for the identification of the damage done by observation factors descriptively appropriate observation in the field such as the number of damage points. The results of this study found that the type of damage caused to roads is damage to the cover layer, a hole, and curly. This type of damage that commonly occurs on the road Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan is damage to the edges with a percentage of 87.30%. The local factors that greatly affect drainage on the percentage of damage is 62.00%. PCI average value is 13.47 which indicates a very bad condition (very poor) and requires maintenance or improvement of reconstruction.Abstrak: Kondisi jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan secara keseluruhan berada di lereng pegunungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan setempat seperti drainase, topografi, kondisi tanah, kondisi material dan kondisi beban kendaraan yang melintasi jalan tersebut. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan akibat kerusakan permukaan jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan, dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian evaluasi terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mempengaruhi kerusakan tersebut agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan yang dimulai dari Sta. 529+700 - Sta. 535+206. Umumnya kondisi ruas jalan pada segmen ini banyak ditemukan kerusakan-kerusakan yang dapat mengganggu kenyamanan, kelancaran, dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Dalam penelitian ini data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan survei aktual lapangan yaitu berupa data panjang, lebar, luasan, dan kedalaman tiap jenis kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mengakibatkan kerusakan tersebut. Survei aktual lapangan dilakukan sepanjang 5,506 km, dengan jarak interval setiap segmen adalah 100 m. Adapun data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga terkait dan bahan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kerusakan agar diketahui cara penanganannya, sedangkan untuk identifikasi faktor kerusakannya dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara diskriptif sesuai hasil pengamatan di lapangan berupa jumlah titik kerusakan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada ruas jalan adalah kerusakan lapisan penutup, lubang, dan keriting. Jenis kerusakan yang umum terjadi pada ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan adalah kerusakan tepi dengan persentase 87,30 %. Faktor setempat yang sangat mempengaruhi kerusakan adalah drainase dengan persentase 62,00%. Nilai PCI rata-rata yaitu 13,47 yang menunjukkan kondisi sangat buruk (very poor) dan memerlukan pemeliharaan peningkatan atau rekonstruksi.

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