scholarly journals Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Functionality: Hand Joint Motion Correlation, Independence, and Grasping Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Hand Grasp ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Postural Synergies

Modeling and understanding human grasp functionality are fundamental in prosthetics, robotics, medicine, and rehabilitation, since they contribute to exploring motor control mechanism, evaluating grasp function, and designing and controlling prosthetic hands or exoskeletons. However, there are still limitations in providing a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of hand grasp functionality. After simultaneously considering three significant and essential influence factors in daily grasping contained relative position, object shape, and size, this paper presents the tolerance grasping to provide a more comprehensive understanding of human grasp functionality. The results of joint angle distribution and variance explained by PCs supported that tolerance grasping can represent hand grasp functionality more comprehensively. Four synergies are found and account for 93 % ± 1.5 % of the overall variance. The ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant individual difference in the first four postural synergies. The common patterns of grasping behavior were found and characterized by the mean value of postural synergy across 10 subjects. The independence analysis demonstrates that the tolerance grasping results highly correlate with unstructured natural grasping and more accurately correspond to cortical representation size of finger movement. The potential for exploring the neuromuscular control mechanism of human grasping is discussed. The analysis of hand grasp characteristics that contained joint angle distribution, correlation, independence, and postural synergies, presented here, should be more representative to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hand grasp functionality.

New Interpretation of Some Forgotten Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
Dan Ciulin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Local Fields ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Dirac Monopole ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
New Interpretation

Any theory may include partially and/or completely non-elucidated problems. If these are confirmed in practice, for a given time, such problems are presented as ‘laws' and after, ‘forgotten'. Of course, new theories may elucidate some of these problems but may also open some new other non-elucidated problems. The paper presents a number of such problems and tries to give a new theoretical and physical interpretation based on the energy transfer postulate and on some personal experiments. Then, some as the old problem of a bullet trajectory and the (actual) problems of mechanical and gravitational forces/torques, inertia, supposed gravitationally polarized materials similar to electrets and magnets, Dirac monopole, curvature, wetware waves and some mysterious possibilities of our brain are presented. It can also be observed that the energy transfer postulate accepts the fact that the speed of the light is the maximum possible speed for any physical object that move by inertia having (ideally) a zero-mean value of energy exchanged with the local fields and also that speeds greater than the light speed need a special energy to be realized. Associated with a good and convenient technology, all these are of strategic importance. Applications may be found in strategic forecast, interplanetary telecommunications and treks but also for earth vehicles and life. The presented tools may be used for modeling the fields and matter structures but also to insure their more comprehensive understanding.

An Automotive Die Face Compensation Method Considering Blank Thinning and Die Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2315-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Feng Men ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
De Hua Miao ◽  
Yu Jun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Forming Force ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Thinning Rate ◽  
Main Influence

In this paper, the thinning rate and die elastic deformation under large forming force are investigated by finite element simulation with experimental validation focused on the problem of coloring rate between die and panel in automotive die manufacturing. The study suggests that when the panel is formed, the thinning rate of panel has little influence on the coloring rate and the die elastic deformation under large forming force is the main influence factor. The contact pressure of die face and punch surface displacement distribution under forming force are got with simulation. With these results the method that die face is compensated reasonably is also proposed. The industrial application shows that the method can reduce the die polishing workloads obviously compared to the traditional method of die face equivalent offset. This paper has a guide for comprehensive understanding the influence factors of coloring rate and greatly reducing the die tryout period.

scholarly journals Energy Exchange and its Influence Factors on Mountain Glaciers in West China

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Zhongyuan ◽  
Yu Xinzhi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Heat balance studies were carried out during summer ablation periods 1960-1983 by the glacial investigation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The effect of energy exchange on development of mountain glaciers was determined, based on the observation of heat exchange over the glacial surface of various mountainous regions. Relationships between energy transfer and climatic parameters under different climatic regimes and landform conditions are analyzed in detail. It was found that the most important heat source for snow-ice melting is radiation, a contribution amounting to between 59.0% and 92.1% of the total. Sensible heat contributed 8 - 36%. The sensible heat flux depends on the bulk transfer coefficient and the glacier cooling effect. The mean value is about 16.3 Ly/day.K.. With the decrease of sea influence, altitude of the snow-line is elevated, aridity of glacier climate increases, evaporation increases gradually and melting decreases, providing conditions for glacial nourishment. When the glacier is covered with a debris layer, the glacier heat balance in continental regions is altered. Finally, the authors’ investigation on the glacier No 1, at the headwater of Urumqi river, shows that differences in structure of glacier heat balance are mainly the result of the influence of the topography and albedo on net radiation. Finally, diagrams of distribution of net radiation in space and time are presented.

scholarly journals NCOG-04. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS BEFORE RADIOTHERAPY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi159-vi159
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Linbo Cai ◽  
Mingyao Lai ◽  
Qingjun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
The Mean

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the cognitive functions before radiotherapy in pediatric patients with brain tumors and explore the related influence factors. METHODS Before radiotherapy for brain tumors, adaptive behavior scale (adaptive quotient) and Wechsler intelligence scale for children were used to evaluate the cognitive functions in pediatric patients. Herein the assessment items of verbal IQ, performance IQ, total score and the corresponding percentile. The cognitive functions of pediatric patients with different pathological diagnoses, lesion locations, with or without epilepsy, hydrocephalus or hypopituitarism were compared. RESULTS A total of 128 pediatric patients were enrolled in this study. The mean verbal IQ score was 83.7±20.8 (range, 36–128), and the corresponding percentile mean value was 27.699±30.3. The mean performance IQ score was 82.83±20.5 (range, 30–126), and the corresponding percentile mean value was 26.6±29.1. The total score of Wechsler intelligence scale was 0–128, with a mean value of 81.4±21.7, and the corresponding percentile was 0–97, with a mean value of 25.5±28.5. Moreover, the adaptive quotient for all enrolled patients was 32–164, with a mean value of 95.1±29.4. The results of multivariate analysis on the clinical factors related to cognitive functions revealed that the mean performance IQ, the corresponding percentile and the mean of the total score of Wechsler intelligence scale in patients with lesions involving basal ganglia region were 76±16, 15.1±19.6 and 75.29±15, respectively, which were lower than 84±20.7, 28±19.1 and 82.4±22 in those with lesion without involving basal ganglia region, with statistical differences (P= 0.031, 0.018, 0.046). CONCLUSION The cognitive functions before radiotherapy in pediatric patients with brain tumors are proved to be inferior to those in normal children. The performance IQ and total score of pediatric patients with brain tumors involving basal ganglia region were lower than those of the other patients for the lesions have affected the limb movement.

Based on the State of Emergency Safety Assessment Method of Airlines Dispatch Operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1006-1007 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Chang Qi Yang ◽  
Wei He
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The State ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Bayesian Network Structure ◽  
Domestic Airline ◽  
Gaussian Normal Distribution

The research of this paper is based on the domestic airline operational control that exist variety of factors under the state of emergency, such as emergent meteorological conditions, flight flow and alternate airport security conditions, the potential human factors and organizational management operation, in order to establish the correct hierarchy model, we analyzing the inherent correlation of these explicit and implicit factors which impact on the dispatch release work, then apply these factors to the Bayesian network structure and use Gaussian normal distribution to solve mean value and mean square error to determine the weight for influence factors so that run a aviation safety assessment for dispatch operation, it can help the company to propose targeted security operating strategy.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Risk Assessment of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Taekwondo Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rongqiang Zheng ◽  
Jingyi Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Analysis System

Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can occur in many sports. It is interrelated with gender, anatomy, biomechanics, and neuromuscular control. Taekwondo athletes have a higher incidence of ACL injury than athletes from other sports. Objective: This study aimed to determine the biomechanical gender differences and mechanism of taekwondo athletes with ACL injury. Methods: A total of 28 taekwondo athletes (aged 14–19 years) were randomly selected and grouped by gender. Feet high floor, one foot high floor, and single leg squat were analyzed by a Vicon motion analysis system and Kistler 3D force platform for action. The knee joint angle and ground force were evaluated. Results: Results demonstrated biomechanical differences in knee joint between male and female athletes. Conclusion: ACL injury in taekwondo female athletes indicated the biomechanical mechanism of the knee joint, and it can be prevented by neuromuscular control training.

Semi-quantitative understanding of source contribution to nitrous acid (HONO) based on 1 year of continuous observation at the SORPES station in eastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Conversion Frequency ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Quantitative Understanding

<p>Nitrous acid (HONO), an important precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), has long been recognized as of significance to atmospheric chemistry, but its sources are still debated. In this study, we conducted continuous measurement of HONO from November 2017 to November 2018 at the SORPES station in Nanjing of eastern China. The yearly average mixing ratio of observed HONO was <span>0.69±0.58</span> ppb, showing a larger contribution to OH relative to ozone with a mean OH production rate of 1.16 ppb h<span><sup>−1</sup></span>. To estimate the effect of combustion emissions of HONO, the emitted ratios of HONO to <span>NO<sub><em>x</em></sub></span> were derived from 55 fresh plumes (<span>NO∕NO<sub><em>x</em></sub></span> > 0.85), with a mean value of 0.79 %. During the nighttime, the chemistry of HONO was found to depend on RH, and the heterogeneous reaction of <span>NO<sub>2</sub></span> on an aerosol surface was presumably responsible for HONO production. The average nighttime <span>NO<sub>2</sub></span>-to-HONO conversion frequency (<span><em>C</em><sub>HONO</sub></span>) was determined to be <span>0.0055±0.0032</span> h<span><sup>−1</sup></span> from 137 HONO formation cases. The missing source of HONO around noontime seemed to be photo-induced, with an average <span><em>P</em><sub>unknown</sub></span> of 1.04 ppb h<span><sup>−1</sup></span>, based on a semi-quantitative HONO budget analysis. An over-determined system of equations was applied to obtain the monthly variations in nocturnal HONO sources. Besides the burning-emitted HONO (accounting for about 23 % of the total concentration), the contribution of HONO formed heterogeneously on ground surfaces to measured HONO was an approximately constant proportion of 36 % throughout the year. The soil emission revealed clear seasonal variation and contributed up to 40 % of observed HONO in July and August. A higher propensity for generating HONO on aerosol surfaces occurred in severe hazes (accounting for 40 % of the total concentration in January). Our results highlight ever-changing contributions of HONO sources and encourage more long-term observations to evaluate the contributions from varied sources.</p>

The escape of Tritonia: Dynamics of a neuromuscular control mechanism

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Harth ◽  
N.S. Lewis ◽  
T.J. Csermely
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Neuromuscular Control

Implications of Interactivity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Collins
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
New Media ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Digital Aesthetics

This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter explores concepts of interactivity as they relate to sound production in video games. A guiding assumption of the chapter is that interactivity is a definitive paper of new digital aesthetics in general and gaming in particular. And yet, the question of interactivity has not been addressed with sufficient stringency in scholarly research. At the heart of the chapter are these questions: What makes interactive sound different from noninteractive sound? Where doesinteracting withsound fit into our understanding of our experience of sound and music in media? How do we begin to approach interactive sound from a theoretical perspective? The implications of interactivity are examined, specifically the notion of sound as a feedback device and as a control mechanism. . In these ways the chapter works toward a more comprehensive understanding of sounds in new media contexts that addresses their particularity in interactive contexts rather than resting on previous assumptions about the primacy of sounds as narrative devices.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Evolution of PM2.5 Concentration and its Socioeconomic Influence Factors in Chinese Cities in 2014–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhu Wang ◽  
Xuejun Duan ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

PM2.5 is a main source of China’s frequent air pollution. Using real-time monitoring of PM2.5 data in 338 Chinese cities during 2014–2017, this study employed multi-temporal and multi-spatial scale statistical analysis to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 patterns and a spatial econometric model to quantify the socio-economic driving factors of PM2.5 concentration changes. The results are as follows: (1) The annual average value of PM2.5 concentration decreased year by year and the monthly average showed a U-shaped curve from January to December. The daily mean value of PM2.5 concentration had the characteristics of pulse-type fluctuation and the hourly variation presented a bimodal curve. (2) During 2014–2017, the overall PM2.5 pollution reduced significantly, but that of more than two-thirds of cities still exceeded the standard value (35 μg/m3) regulated by Chinese government. PM2.5 pollution patterns showed high values in central and eastern Chinese cities and low values in peripheral areas, with the distinction evident along the same line that delineates China’s uneven population distribution. (3) Population agglomeration, industrial development, foreign investment, transportation, and pollution emissions contributed to the increase of PM2.5 concentration. Urban population density contributed most significantly while economic development and technological progress reduced PM2.5 concentration. The results also suggest that China in general remains a “pollution shelter” for foreign-funded enterprises.

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