scholarly journals An Intersection Platoon Speed Control Model Considering Traffic Efficiency and Energy Consumption in CVIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Wenhao Ren ◽  
Junyou Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traffic Delay ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper proposed an intersection platoon speed control model considering traffic efficiency and energy consumption in the cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems (CVIS) environment. This model divides the control situation in detail according to the different state of signal lights at the intersection and splits the platoon that cannot pass the intersection completely. The optimization model is established by taking the traffic delay and energy consumption of the platoon as the control objectives, and the model is solved by using a genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the simulation platform is built by SUMO traffic simulation software, MATLAB, and Python to verify the model. The simulation results show that the total number of queued vehicles, the maximum number of queued vehicles, and the mean travel time of vehicles decreased by 77.81%, 33.33%, and 10.95%, respectively. Besides, the total fuel consumption is reduced by 19.95%, the total emissions of CO2, CO, HC, NOx, and PMx decreased by 19.96%, 58.55%, 51.33%, 23.81%, and 37.51%, respectively. It indicates that the proposed platoon speed control model can effectively improve traffic efficiency while reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions.

The Variable Displacement Compressor and Internal Regulation Valve Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 684-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Suction Pressure ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
Simulation Results

The air-conditioning system is a source of energy consumption and consequently, it has a strong influence on the fuel consumption, the engine load and the pollutant emissions. The air-conditioning system has to be accounted for in the energy balance under the hood. This system is composed of a variable displacement compressor including an internal regulation valve. In this paper, we model a complete system step by step. We build the compressor system and gradually add components so as to end up with the complete system. The simulation results shows that when the suction pressure becomes at some point smaller than the regulation pressure, the valve controls the compressor displacement and tends to reduce it in order to maintain a certain level for the suction pressure. It will be easier to observe the influence of the regulation valve on the complete refrigerant loop system.

Analysis on the Effect of Fixed Shading over External Window on Energy Consumption and Efficiency of Residential Building in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Guo Jun Zhao ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Hai Shan Li ◽  
Ya Zhou Jing
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Room Ventilation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Energy Consumption Simulation

The building energy consumption simulation software DeST is used to analyze the effects of fixed shading over external window on energy consumption and efficiency, on the base of a residential building in Shanghai. The simulation results show that the fixed shading over south window has little effect on the overall energy saving of residential building. For east and west external window, if window area is not very large and its shading performance is better, the effect of fixed shading installation on energy saving is not obvious. On the contrary, if its area is large and its shading performance is ordinary, the effect is remarkable. Furthermore, when room ventilation capacity is poor, the effect of energy saving by fixed shading installation is more prominent.

scholarly journals Economical Speed for Optimizing the Travel Time and Energy Consumption in Train Scheduling using a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Train Scheduling ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Objective Model ◽  
Time And Energy

AbstractSpeed is one of the most influential variables in both energy consumption and train scheduling problems. Increasing speed guarantees punctuality, thereby improving railroad capacity and railway stakeholders’ satisfaction and revenues. However, a rise in speed leads to more energy consumption, costs, and thus, more pollutant emissions. Therefore, determining an economic speed, which requires a trade-off between the user’s expectations and the capabilities of the railway system in providing tractive forces to overcome the running resistance due to rail route and moving conditions, is a critical challenge in railway studies. This paper proposes a new fuzzy multi-objective model, which, by integrating micro and macro levels and determining the economical speed for trains in block sections, can optimize train travel time and energy consumption. Implementing the proposed model in a real case with different scenarios for train scheduling reveals that this model can enhance the total travel time by 19% without changing the energy consumption ratio. The proposed model has little need for input from experts’ opinions to determine the rates and parameters.

Speed regulation control of tractors’ new dual-flow transmission system based on slip rate resistance classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110105
Author(s):  
Guang Xia ◽  
Yan Xia ◽  
Xiwen Tang ◽  
Linfeng Zhao ◽  
Baoqun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Simulation Results

Fluctuations in operation resistance during the operating process lead to reduced efficiency in tractor production. To address this problem, the project team independently developed and designed a new type of hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT). Based on introducing the mechanical structure and transmission principle of the HMCVT system, the priority of slip rate control and vehicle speed control is determined by classifying the slip rate. In the process of vehicle speed control, the driving mode of HMCVT system suitable for the current resistance state is determined by classifying the operation resistance. The speed change rule under HMT and HST modes is formulated with the goal of the highest production efficiency, and the displacement ratio adjustment surfaces under HMT and HST modes are determined. A sliding mode control algorithm based on feedforward compensation is proposed to address the problem that the oil pressure fluctuation has influences on the adjustment accuracy of hydraulic pump displacement. The simulation results of Simulink show that this algorithm can not only accurately follow the expected signal changes, but has better tracking stability than traditional PID control algorithm. The HMCVT system and speed control strategy models were built, and simulation results show that the speed control strategy can restrict the slip rate of driving wheels within the allowable range when load or road conditions change. When the tractor speed is lower than the lower limit of the high-efficiency speed range, the speed change law formulated in this paper can improve the tractor speed faster than the traditional rule, and effectively ensure the production efficiency. The research results are of great significance for improving tractor’s adaptability to complex and changeable working environment and promoting agricultural production efficiency.

scholarly journals Characterization of Deleterious Mutations in Outcrossing Populations

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Estimation Bias ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract Deng and Lynch recently proposed estimating the rate and effects of deleterious genomic mutations from changes in the mean and genetic variance of fitness upon selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing populations. The utility of our original estimation approach is limited in outcrossing populations, since selfing may not always be feasible. Here we extend the approach to any form of inbreeding in outcrossing populations. By simulations, the statistical properties of the estimation under a common form of inbreeding (sib mating) are investigated under a range of biologically plausible situations. The efficiencies of different degrees of inbreeding and two different experimental designs of estimation are also investigated. We found that estimation using the total genetic variation in the inbred generation is generally more efficient than employing the genetic variation among the mean of inbred families, and that higher degree of inbreeding employed in experiments yields higher power for estimation. The simulation results of the magnitude and direction of estimation bias under variable or epistatic mutation effects may provide a basis for accurate inferences of deleterious mutations. Simulations accounting for environmental variance of fitness suggest that, under full-sib mating, our extension can achieve reasonably well an estimation with sample sizes of only ∼2000-3000.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Van Chien Pham ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Beom-Seok Rho ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyunam Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

scholarly journals Traffic Light Priority for Trams in Warsaw as a Tool for Transport Policy and Reduction of Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czerepicki ◽  
Tomasz Krukowicz ◽  
Anna Górka ◽  
Jarosław Szustek
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The article presents an analysis of priority solutions for trams at a selected sequence of intersections in Warsaw (Poland). An analysis of the literature has shown the topicality of this issue. A computer simulation model of a coordinated sequence of intersections was constructed. Three test scenarios were designed: the existing control system, the new coordinated fixed-time control system, and the adaptive control system with active priority. In the simulation process, detailed travel characteristics of trams and other traffic participants in a selected section were obtained for the three varying scenarios. Electric energy consumption for traction needs and pollutant emissions was then estimated for each of the variants. It was concluded that for the analyzed configuration, implementation of the adaptive priority will result in a reduction of tram time losses by up to 25%, a reduction in energy consumption by up to 23%, and a reduction in the emission of pollutants from individual vehicles by up to 3% in relation to the original variant. The conducted research may be the basis for a comprehensive method of assessing the effectiveness of applying the adaptative priority when designing new tramway lines and modernizing the existing ones.

Research on Very Fast Transient over-Voltages Distribution in Large Power Transformer Windings

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7287-7292
Author(s):  
You Hua Gao ◽  
Zeng Feng Lai ◽  
Xiao Ming Liu ◽  
Guo Wei Liu ◽  
Ye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Telegraph Equations ◽  
Backward Differentiation Formulas ◽  
Space Discretization ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Fast Transient ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Differentiation Formulas

To analyze the transient response of transformer windings under very fast transient over-voltage (VFTO), multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) model based on the representation of transformer windings by its individual turns are established. Space discretization is needed for solving the time-domain telegraph equations of MTL. To calculate the voltage distributions along transformer windings, through combining the compact finite difference (CFD) theory and the backward differentiation formulas (BDF). Simulation software ATP is introduced, and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is feasible.

Analysis of HPDC Process with Automobile Part (Oil Pan) by CAE Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Kyu Seo ◽  
Hong Kyu Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Die Casting ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Solidification Shrinkage ◽  
Automobile Part ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Casting Design ◽  
Cae Simulation

In this research, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed by using the simulation software (AnyCasting) in order to optimize casting design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_7G9E) which is well known and complicated to achieve a good casting layout. The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the filling process, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and reduced remarkably by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and reduced by the modification of the gate system.

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