scholarly journals Choline Intake Correlates with Cognitive Performance among Elder Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Song Qiao ◽  
Liying Zhuang ◽  
Shanhu Xu ◽  
Linhui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Choline Intake

Objective. This research attempted to explore the neuroprotective effect of choline and establish evidence for future dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions to maintain a proper cognitive function among elders aged >60 years in the US. Method. This cross-sectional study retrieved data of 2,393 eligible elderly participants from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Combining dietary and supplement choline intake, total choline intake was evaluated using the 24-hour dietary recall method and the dietary supplement questionnaire. Total choline intake was categorized into tertiles, which ranged at <187.60 mg/day (T1), 187.60-399.50 mg/day (T2), and >399.50 mg/day (T3). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Word Learning subtest, Animal Fluency (AF) test, and Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) was used to measure cognitive function. Participants who scored the lowest 25th percentile in each cognitive test were classified in the low cognitive function (LC) group. Logistic regression models were implemented to examine the association between total choline intake and the incidence of LC. Results. In the CERAD test, the risk of LC was significantly lower in T2 than T1 (OR: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.493-0.904, and P = 0.006 ) when adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, and hypertension. Similarly, T2 was associated with a significantly lower risk of LC when assessed by the AF test (OR: 0.606, 95% CI: 0.580-0.724, and P < 0.001 ) and DSST (0.584, 95% CI: 0.515-0.661, and P < 0.001 ). In all three cognitive measures, the T3 of the total choline intake was not associated with cognitive function compared to T1. Conclusion. Total choline intake at 187.06-399.50 mg/day reduces the risk of LC by approximately 50% compared to intake at <187.6 mg/day. The findings of this research may be used to establish dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions to optimize the cognitive function among elders.

scholarly journals Serum sodium in relation to various domains of cognitive function in the elderly US population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyae Lee ◽  
Jin-young Min ◽  
Beom Kim ◽  
Sang-Won Ha ◽  
Jeohng Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests that sodium imbalances may be associated with cognitive impairment; however, the association between specific domains of cognition remains unclear. This study examines the association between serum sodium levels and immediate and delayed verbal memory as measured by the CERAD Word Learning Test (CERAD WLT), executive function as measured by the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and sustained attention, working memory, and processing speed as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) in the elderly population of the US aged 60 and older who participated in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 2,541). Methods Cognitive function tests were performed by trained interviewers and sodium levels were measured using indirect ion selective electrode methodology. Results After adjusting for all covariates, quintiles of CERAD WLT scores showed significant positive associations with log-transformed sodium levels (Immediate recall (IR) β = 4.25 (SE = 1.83, p-value 0.027); Delayed recall (DR) β = 6.54 (SE = 1.82, p-value 0.001)). Compared to normal sodium levels, hyponatremia was significantly associated with lower CERAD WLT-IR (β = -0.34, SE = 0.15, p-value 0.035) and CERAD WLT-DR scores (β -0.48, SE = 0.10, p-value < 0.001) and showed borderline significance with AFT scores (β = = -0.38, SE = 0.19, p-value 0.052). Hypernatremia did not show any significant relationships with cognitive test scores, compared to normal sodium levels. Conclusions Our cross-sectional study showed that lower sodium levels were associated with cognitive change, especially regarding memory and executive function.

scholarly journals Chloroform and Cognitive Function in the General Population of the US Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyae Lee ◽  
Jin-Young Min ◽  
Kyoung-Bok Min
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Chloroform is a water disinfection by-product associated with hepatic, renal and neurotoxicity. High concentrations of chloroform are known to cause central nervous system depression; however, the association between blood chloroform levels and cognitive function in the general elderly population is unknown. In this study, we investigated the association between blood chloroform levels and cognitive function in the elderly US population (n=782). Methods We analyzed blood chloroform levels and cognitive function, as measured by the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for participants aged 60 years and older. Blood chloroform levels were measured using capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring detection and istotope-dilution. Results After adjusting for all covariates, increases in log-transformed blood chloroform levels were significantly associated with decreased DSST scores (β = -1.56, SE = 0.57, p-value 0.010). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of blood chloroform, the regression coefficients were significantly lower among those in the second and third tertile (tertile 2 β = -3.00 (SE = 1.25, p-value 0.022); tertile 3 β = -4.05 (SE = 1.22, p-value 0.002)). After stratification by obesity status, increases in log-transformed chloroform levels showed borderline significant associations with decreased DSST scores among the obese (β = -1.71, SE = 0.85, p-value 0.052). Conclusions Our finding suggest a possible link between blood chloroform levels and cognitive function in the US elderly population.

scholarly journals Serum Sodium in Relation to Various Domains of Cognitive Function in the Elderly US Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyae Lee ◽  
Jin-young Min ◽  
Beom Kim ◽  
Sang-Won Ha ◽  
Jeohng Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background:Recent evidence suggests that sodium imbalances may be associated with cognitive impairment; however, the association between specific domains of cognition remains unclear. This study examines the association between serum sodium levels and immediate and delayed verbal memory as measured by the CERAD Word Learning Test (CERAD WLT), executive function as measured by the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and sustained attention, working memory, and processing speed as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) in the elderly population of the US aged 60 and older who participated in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n=2,700). Methods:Cognitive function tests were performed by trained interviewers and sodium levels were measured using indirect ion selective electrode methodology. Results:After adjusting for all covariates, CERAD WLT scores showed significant positive associations with sodium levels (Immediate recall (IR) β = 0.11 (SE = 0.04, p-value 0.018); Delayed recall (DR) β = 0.07 (SE = 0.03, p-value 0.009)). Compared to individuals with normal sodium levels, individuals with hyponatremia were significantly associated with lower CERAD WLT-DR (β = -0.71, SE = 0.23, p-value 0.005) and AFT scores (β = -1.58, SE = 0.68, p-value 0.027), and showed a borderline significant relationship with lower CERAD WLT-DR scores (β = -1.11, SE = 0.56, p-value 0.057). Individuals with hypernatremia did not show any significant relationships with cognitive test scores, compared to those with normal sodium levels. Conclusions:Our cross-sectional study showed that lower sodium levels were associated with cognitive change, especially regarding memory and executive function.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Severe Dementia Is Associated With Agitation Rather Than Cognitive Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331751987139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Ishimaru ◽  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Yuma Nagata ◽  
Shinichi Takabatake ◽  
Takashi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderate Dementia

Background: The authors examined associations between physical activity, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and behavioral and psychological dementia symptoms (BPSD) in severe and moderate dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess severe and moderate dementia groups according to the Clinical Dementia Rating. An actigraphy measured physical activity. Other measures included Mini-Mental State Examination, Cognitive Test for Severe Dementia, Hyogo Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home. Results: Sixty-three participants were assessed (mean age = 89.3 ± 6.4). Physical activity was not associated with cognitive function among participants with severe dementia, although there was a trend-level association with cognitive function among those with moderate dementia. Physical activity was significantly associated with BPSD, specifically agitation/aggression symptoms, for participants with severe dementia, and there was a trend-level association with anxiety for participants with moderate dementia. Conclusions: Physical activity appears to be associated with BPSD among individuals in the advanced stages of dementia.

scholarly journals Association of Drug Burden Index With Measures of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Janie DiNatale ◽  
Kristi Crowe-White ◽  
Amy Ellis ◽  
Joy Douglas ◽  
Ian McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Burden Index ◽  
Daily Dose

Abstract Objectives Many conditions associated with aging result in polypharmacy, and certain medications may impact cognition. One way to assess exposure to such medications is through the use of the drug burden index (DBI)- a validated measure of exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, with a higher DBI score indicating a higher drug burden. The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the association between DBI and cognitive function assessed by two widely utilized cognitive tests among older adults. Methods The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study was a prospective study of community-dwelling adults ages 70–79 years at enrollment. Using baseline data, DBI was calculated by dividing the daily dose of the medication taken by the sum of the daily dose taken and the minimum efficacious dose as approved by the Food and Drug Association. After adjusting for biological sex, race, education, and APOE genotype, the association between DBI and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Modified Mini-Mental Status Exam (3MS) score was assessed by partial Spearman's rank correlation. Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to assess significance among DBI scores by tertile. Results Among those with completed measures (n = 790, 52.4% male, 63.3% white), mean scores were as follows: DBI 0.84 ± 0.48, 3MS 90.12 ± 7.9, and DSST 34.7 ± 14.6. Results suggest that DBI was not significantly associated with either 3MS or DSST. However, DBI scores by tertile were significantly associated with DSST scores. Compared to tertile 2, participants in the lowest tertile had significantly lower DBI scores along with significantly higher DSST scores. Mean differences between tertile 1 and 2 were as follows: DBI = 0.1666 and DSST = 3.39. Conclusions Analyses among the full cohort suggest that DBI was not associated with slower processing speed as assessed by the DSST or with global cognition as assessed by 3MS. Yet with expanded analysis by tertile, results suggest that DBI scores were significantly associated with DSST scores. Future investigations on cognitive function among older adults may benefit from including the DBI analysis by tertile to explain some variance in cognitive test scores. Funding Sources This is an ancillary analysis, there is no funding applicable.

The Association between Peanut and Peanut Butter Consumption and Cognitive Function among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E.W. Katzman ◽  
S.J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
History Of

Background: Many studies have focused on the association between diet and cognitive function. While a subset of these studies focused on a diet that includes tree nuts (TN), there is limited data on the association between peanut and peanut butter consumption (P/PB) and cognitive health. Objective: This study investigated the association of P/PB consumption and cognitive function. Design: This was a cross-sectional study using 2011-2014 NHANES data. Participants/setting: Individuals 60-80 years old in 2011-2014 NHANES who had two 24-hour dietary recalls, cognitive function tests, and education level and with no history of stroke. Measurements: P/PB and TN consumption was measured as well as participant performance on the CERAD Word Learning subtest (CERAD W-L), Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Scores from the three cognitive tests were dichotomized. Individuals were classified as either P/PB consumers or non-consumers and TN consumers or non-consumers. Logistic regression models examined associations between P/PB consumption, tree nut consumption, and cognitive function with adjusted models including age, sex, and education as covariates. Results: A total of 2,454 adults, aged 60-80 years old (mean age=69.4) participated. Approximately half were male (48%), 18% were P/PB consumers, and 14% consumed TN. Participants who did not consume P/PB were more likely to do poorly on the CERAD W-L (adjusted OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.24-1.97; p<0.05), AFT (adjusted OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.61; p<0.05), and DSST (adjusted OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.12-1.82; p<0.05) when compared to those who did consume P/PB. Conclusions: These findings suggest an association between P/PB consumption and cognitive function; however, this is a cross sectional study and a causal relationship cannot be established. More studies are needed to determine causality.

scholarly journals Consistency and applicability of different brief screen instrument of cognitive function in elderly population

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Lu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Weiwen Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Zhenbao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Screen Instrument

Abstract Background Screening for cognitive impairment (CI) is often hampered by lack of consensus as to which screening instrument to use. The aim is to assess the consistence and applicability of different CI screening tools. Method In a cross-sectional study from October 2017 to September 2018 in 7 communities in Shanghai, China, elder (≧60) residential volunteers with no history of major cardiovascular diseases, cancers and other comorbidities known to affect cognitive functions were recruited. The participants underwent tests with 7 cognitive function screening instruments. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to test correlations between demographic characteristics, including gender, age, education, and marital status, with cognitive test scores. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score adjusted according to the correlation coefficients was used to detect CI with a cutoff of 24. Other cognitive function scores were compared between participants with and without CI. In addition, Pearson’s correlation test was used to detect association between different test scores. Results 172 participants with relatively low education levels were included. Age and education showed significant association with cognitive test scores. Using adjusted MMSE, 39.6% of participants were identified with CI, while the percentage was 87.2% when adjusted Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with cutoff of 26 was used. Analysis of “abnormal” test scores showed that MMSE had the highest percentage of valid data (98.8%). MoCA and Isaacs test of Verbal Fluency (VF) score had correlation with most the other scores, while MMSE only significantly associated with VF and MoCA. Conclusions MMSE may still present the most applicable tools for quick screen of cognitive functions, especially when environmental conditions may interfere with participants’ attention.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

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