scholarly journals Determinants of Seed Distribution System: The Case of Womberma District, North West Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gizachew Wosene Minwagaw ◽  
Wubalem Gobie Ejigu
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
High Price ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Selection Of

Bread wheat also known as common wheat is one of the most important crops for food security and job opportunities for many smallholders as well as the urban population in Ethiopia. Farmers obtain seed from both formal and informal seed distribution systems. The informal seed sector in the study area is the major supplier of seed for many crops grown in the Womberma district. However, access to the formal seed sector was limited for the farmers. Hence, this study initiated to analyze seed distribution system and determinants of smallholder farmers in selecting seed of bread wheat distribution system in the study areas. The primary data was collected through distributing research questionnaires for the seed distribution systems of bread wheat. The study was based on the data collected from 150 households by using the multistage probability sampling method. The survey result shows that the contribution of public companies for supplying improved bread wheat seed was only 33% whereas 100% of producers confirmed that sources of bread wheat seed were from farm saved and local market which were uncertified leading to production deterioration. In line with these, conducted focus group and key informants confirmed that the major problems of formal seed distribution system were lack of timely supply, price fluctuation, limited quantity, and lack of certified seed suppliers while those of the informal seed distribution system were adulteration, high price, low quality, unable to get the right amount, and lack of timely supply, which concluded that the distribution system was inefficient. The econometrics model was used to analyze determinants of selection in seed distribution system of bread wheat in the study areas. Hence, the result of logit model shows that the level of education, access to credit, household income, extension services, and seed quality significantly and positively influenced farmers’ selection of formal seed distribution system while distance to the nearest seed distribution area influenced negatively the selection of formal seed distribution system in the study areas. Therefore, any concerned bodies should give more attention to establish for farmers formal seed distribution systems of bread wheat seed so as to increase production and productivity of bread wheat in the study areas.

scholarly journals Optimal Selection of Metering Points for Power Quality Measurements in Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Piatek ◽  
Andrzej Firlit ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Mateusz Dutka ◽  
Szymon Barczentewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Observability Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

Quality of power supply in power distribution systems requires continuous measurement using power quality analyzers installed in the grid. The paper reviews the published methods for optimal location of metering points in distribution systems in the context of power quality metering and assessment. Three methods have been selected for detailed analysis and comparative tests. It has been found that utilization of the methods is possible, but their performance varies highly depending on the test grid’s topology. Since the methods rely on the state estimation approach, their performance is strictly related to observability analysis. It has been found that standard observability analysis used for typical state estimation problem yields ambiguous results when applied to power quality assessment. Inherited properties of the selected methods are also analyzed, which allows for the formulation of general recommendations about optimal selection of metering points in a distribution system.

scholarly journals Design and Selection of Power Circuit and Control Parameters for DSTATCOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11724-11729
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the proper design and selection of power circuit and control parameters of VSI based DSTATCOM for compensation of reactive power in a radial distribution systems, feeding power to crucial loads of an industrial, commercial and residential systems. The study of radial distribution system is analyzed in terms of electrical power system of institute, power consumption pattern and tariff related issues. Some conclusions were made to improve the system performance in terms of power factor and reduction in tariff. The DSTATCOM performance depends on the calculation of the reference source currents that generate the gating pulses of the VSI.

Desain Sistem Distribusi Produk Sayuran untuk Pasar Tradisional di Malang Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Eunike ◽  
Angga Akbar Fanani ◽  
Yeni Sumantri ◽  
Sylvie Indah Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Supply Chain Design ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Perishable Product ◽  
The Impact

Produk pertanian dikategorikan sebagai produk yang mudah rusak, produk dengan waktu hidup yang singkat, membutuhkan perencanaan dan penanganan yang tepat untuk mengurangi kerugian yang disebabkan oleh waktu hidupnya. Beberapa penelitian tentang sistem distribusi produk yang mudah rusak telah dilakukan. Banyak penelitian sebelumnya berfokus pada pasar terstruktur (pasar modern atau ekspor). Di sisi lain, permintaan pasar lokal selalu ada dan memiliki proporsi permintaan pertanian yang signifikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik produk yang mudah rusak dari rantai pasokan lokal sebagai dasar untuk merancang sistem distribusi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi logistik. Desain rantai pasokan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan studi kasus pada sayuran (bayam, kangkung, dan sawi) yang diproduksi dari Tumpang, salah satu daerah penghasil sayuran terbesar di Malang. Wilayah distribusi penelitian ini terbatas pada wilayah Malang Raya. Namun, model yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk cakupan distribusi yang lebih luas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pemetaan proses dalam rantai pasokan sayuran, rantai pasokan model konseptual sayuran, dan model simulasi sistem distribusi dari tingkat petani ke pasar grosir. Hasil pemetaan aktor dan karakteristik rantai pasokan menunjukkan proses dan tahapan yang panjang dalam waktu hidup produk yang singkat (dalam satu hari produk harus diterima oleh konsumen), terutama dalam jalur distribusi ke pasar lokal. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi sistem distribusi, untuk mendapatkan proses pengiriman yang lebih efisien diperlukan lebih banyak truk. Namun, dampak truk tambahan adalah investasi yang lebih dibutuhkan. Investasi truk yang didanai sendiri akan memakan waktu hampir empat tahun untuk satu truk tambahan. Skenario yang diusulkan adalah truk outsourcing, yang dapat mengurangi frekuensi proses pengiriman, dan mengurangi biaya hingga 24,02%. Skenario lain juga dapat dianalisis menggunakan model ini. Skenario, termasuk proporsi penanaman, siklus tanam, skenario harga, jenis truk, dan rute pengiriman dari pasar sayuran pusat ke pasar grosir. Pengembangan model simulasi juga dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan lebih banyak variabel seperti faktor penanganan dalam proses pengiriman dan siklus faktor waktu tanam.   The agriculture product is categorized as perishable product, products with a short life time, requiring proper planning and handling to reduce the losses caused by its life time. Some research on perishable product distribution system have been done. Many of the previous researches focused on structured market (modern market or exports). On the other hand, the demand of local market is constantly exist and has a significant proportion of agriculture demand. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the local supply chain perishable products as the basis for designing the distribution system to improve the efficiency of logistics. Supply chain design is developed by using case study on vegetables (spinach, kale, and mustard greens) produced from Tumpang, one of the largest vegetable producer area in Malang. The distribution area of this study is limited to the area of Malang Raya. However, the model generated in this study can be used for a wider distribution coverage. The results of this study are processes mapping in the supply chain of vegetables, conceptual model vegetable’ supply chain, and simulation model of distribution system from farmer level to the wholesale market. The mapping result of actors and characteristics of the supply chain show the long processes and stages within the short product life time (in one day the product must be received by the consumer), especially in the distribution line to local market. Based on distribution system simulation results, to have more efficient delivery process require more trucks. However, the impact of additional trucks are more investment needed. Self-funded investment of truck will take almost four years for one additionl truck. The proposed scenario is outsourced trucks, which are able to reduce the frequency of delivery process, and reduce cost up to 24.02%. Other scenarios can also be analyzed using this model. The scenarios, including proportion of planting, planting cycles, price scenarios, type of truck, and the delivery route from central vegetable market to the wholesale market. Development of a simulation model is also can be done by add more variables such as handling factor in the delivery process and the cycle of planting time factor.

scholarly journals Model and Topological Characteristics of Power Distribution System Security Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Guo-qiang Zu ◽  
Xiao-xu Gong ◽  
Cheng-shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
System Security ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Security Region

As an important tool of transmission system dispatching, the region-based method has just been introduced into distribution area with the ongoing smart distribution grid initiatives. First, a more accurate distribution system security region (DSSR) model is proposed. The proposed model is based on detailed feeder-interconnected topology, and both substation transformer and feeder N-1 contingencies are considered. Second, generic characteristics of DSSR are discussed and mathematically proved. That is, DSSR is a dense set of which boundary has no suspension and can be expressed by several union subsurfaces. Finally, the results from both a test case and a practical case demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach; the shape of DSSR is also illustrated by means of 2- and 3-dimensional visualization. Moreover, the DSSR-based assessment and control are preliminary illustrated to show the application of DSSR. The researches in this paper are fundamental work to develop new security region theory for future distribution systems.

scholarly journals Local Energy Trading in Future Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Mohammad Esmaeil Honarmand ◽  
Vahid Hosseinnezhad ◽  
Barry Hayes ◽  
Pierluigi Siano
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Network Control ◽  
System Level ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
And Performance

Today, the pace of development of decentralized transactive management systems has increased significantly due to growing renewable energy source technologies and communication infrastructure at the distribution system level. Such bilateral energy transactions have changed the structure of electricity markets and led to the emergence of a local energy market in electricity distribution. While examining this change of attitude, this paper analyzes the effects of local market formation on the performance and performance of distribution companies. Accordingly, the technical requirements in the three areas of operation, network control, and ICT in the new workspace are thoroughly examined. The hardware requirements will be presented in two parts for the end-user and the distribution systems. Then, the proposed local distribution market framework will be introduced, and finally, the conclusion will be presented.

Цифровая морфометрия разнокачественности семян овощных культур

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Musaev ◽  
N.S. Priyatkin ◽  
M.V. Arkhipov ◽  
P.A. Shchukina ◽  
A.F. Bukharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Flatbed Scanner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Computer Morphometry ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Matrix Heterogeneity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Selection Of

Приведено описание разработанной авторами методики цифровой компьютерной морфометрии семян овощных культур на основе системы анализа изображений, состоящей из планшетного сканера и программного обеспечения для автоматических измерений. В основу метода положено представление о разнокачественности семян, обусловленной генетической неоднородностью самих семенных растений, используемых в промышленном семеноводстве. Физические свойства семян (их форма и линейные размеры) – основные параметры при определении их качества. Цифровые изображения семян получены при помощи планшетного сканера HP Sсanjet 200 на базе Агрофизического НИИ с использованием серийного программного обеспечения «Argus-BIO», производства ООО «АргусСофт» (г. Санкт-Петербург). Метод состоит из подбора контрастной подложки (фона) для сканирования семян с минимальными теневыми эффектами, калибровку программного обеспечения для привязки к истинным размерным величинам, подбор параметров измерений и автоматическое распознавание цифровых сканированных изображений семян. Представлены экспериментальные данные по морфометрии экологически разнокачественных семян фасоли овощной, матрикально разнокачественных семян укропа, пастернака и лука Кристофа. Семена укропа и пастернака, собранные из разных порядков ветвления семенного растения, значительно различались по величине линейных параметров. Наиболее показательный линейный параметр семян – площадь проекции. Предложенная авторами методика цифровой морфометрии, уже использована на практике и в перспективе может быть задействована в исследованиях экологической и матрикальной разнокачественности семян овощных культур. Так, она прошла апробацию на разнокачественных семенах пяти сортов фасоли овощной (Настена, Магура, Миробела, Морена, Бажена) полученных в пяти контрастных эколого-географических условиях среды (Москва, Белгород, Ставрополь, Омск, Горки) в 2011–2012 годах. В дальнейшем методика может быть использована для улучшения качества цифровых изображений семян, изучения разнокачественности семян в том числе и для совершенствования контроля за селекционным процессом. Кроме того, она применима для изучения взаимосвязи совокупности морфометрических характеристик семян и их посевных качеств.The description of the method of digital computer morphometry of vegetable seeds developed by the authors on the basis of the image analysis system consisting of a flatbed scanner and software for automatic measurements is given. The method is based on the idea of seed quality, due to the genetic heterogeneity of the seed plants used in industrial seed production. Physical properties of seeds (their shape and linear dimensions) are the main parameters in determining their quality. Digital image of the seed obtained using the flatbed scanner, HP Sсanjet 200 on the basis of the Agrophysical research Institute with serial software “Argus-BIO”, produced by LLC “Argussoft” (Saint-Petersburg). The method consists of selection of a contrast substrate (background) for scanning seeds with minimal shadow effects, calibration of software for binding to true size values, selection of measurement parameters and automatic recognition of digital scanned images of seeds. Experimental data on the morphometry of ecologically different-quality seeds of vegetable beans, matrix seeds of dill, Pasternak and Christoph onion are presented. Seeds of dill and parsnip, collected from different orders of branching of the seed plant, significantly differed in size of linear parameters. The most revealing linear parameter seed – area projection. The method of digital morphometry proposed by the authors has already been used in practice and in the future can be used in studies of ecological and matrix heterogeneity of vegetable seeds. So, it was tested on different quality seeds of five varieties of vegetable beans (Nastena, Magura, Mirobelа, Morena, Bazhenf) obtained in five contrasting environmental and geographical conditions (Moscow, Belgorod, Stavropol, Omsk, Gorki) in 2011-2012. In the future, the technique can be used to improve the quality of digital images of seeds, study of seed diversity, including to improve the control of the breeding process. In addition, it is applicable to study the relationship of the set of morphometric characteristics of seeds and their sowing qualities.

Unit Template Based Control of PV-DSTATCOM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Gunjan Varshney ◽  
Durg S. Chauhan ◽  
Madhukar P. Dave ◽  
Nitin
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Quality Issues ◽  
Static Compensator

Background: In modern electrical power distribution systems, Power Quality has become an important concern due to the escalating use of automatic, microprocessor and microcontroller based end user applications. Methods: In this paper, power quality improvement has done using Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator (PV-DSTATCOM). Complete simulation modelling and control of Photovoltaic based Distribution Static Compensator have been provided in the presented paper. In this configuration, DSTATCOM is fed by solar photovoltaic array and PV module is also helpful to maintain the DC link voltage. The switching of PV-STATCOM is controlled by Unit template based control theory. Results: The performance of PV-DSTATCOM has been evaluated for Unity Power Factor (UPF) and AC Voltage Control (ACVC) modes. Here, for studying the power quality issues three-phase distribution system is considered and results have been verified through simulation based on MATLAB software. Conclusion: Different power quality issues and their improvement are studied and presented here for harmonic reduction, DC voltage regulation and power factor correction.

scholarly journals A Game-Theoretic Loss Allocation Approach in Power Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generations

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Pourahmadi ◽  
Payman Dehghanian
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Loss Allocation ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Allocation Approach

Allocation of the power losses to distributed generators and consumers has been a challenging concern for decades in restructured power systems. This paper proposes a promising approach for loss allocation in power distribution systems based on a cooperative concept of game-theory, named Shapley Value allocation. The proposed solution is a generic approach, applicable to both radial and meshed distribution systems as well as those with high penetration of renewables and DG units. With several different methods for distribution system loss allocation, the suggested method has been shown to be a straight-forward and efficient criterion for performance comparisons. The suggested loss allocation approach is numerically investigated, the results of which are presented for two distribution systems and its performance is compared with those obtained by other methodologies.

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