scholarly journals The Expression and Function of Circadian Rhythm Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yanan Jiang ◽  
Xiuyun Shen ◽  
Moyondafoluwa Blessing Fasae ◽  
Fengnan Zhi ◽  
Lu Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanism ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common and lethal form of cancer worldwide. However, its diagnosis and treatment are still dissatisfactory, due to limitations in the understanding of its pathogenic mechanism. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets for HCC. Circadian rhythm-related genes control a variety of biological processes. These genes play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of HCC and are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This review gives an update on the research progress of circadian rhythms, their effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of HCC, in a bid to provide new insights for the research and treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals New gene discoveries in skeletal diseases with short stature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Costantini ◽  
Mari H Muurinen ◽  
Outi Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
New Gene ◽  
And Function

In the last decade, the widespread use of massively-parallel sequencing has considerably boosted the number of novel gene discoveries in monogenic skeletal diseases with short stature. Defects in genes playing a role in the maintenance and function of the growth plate, the site of longitudinal bone growth, are a well-known cause of skeletal diseases with short stature. However, several genes involved in extracellular matrix composition or maintenance as well as genes partaking in various biological processes have also been characterized. This review aims to describe the latest genetic findings in spondyloepiphyseal and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias and in some monogenic forms of isolated short stature. Strategies on how to successfully characterize novel skeletal phenotypes with short stature and genetic approaches to detect and validate novel gene-disease correlations will be discussed in detail. Finally, novel genetic mechanisms in the field of skeletal diseases, including variants affecting miRNAs and disrupting the chromatin structure, will be described. In summary, we discuss the latest gene discoveries underlying skeletal diseases with short stature and emphasize the importance of characterizing novel molecular mechanisms for genetic counseling, optimal management of the disease and for therapeutic innovations.

scholarly journals Role of Main RNA Methylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: N6-Methyladenosine, 5-Methylcytosine, and N1-Methyladenosine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Xu ◽  
Menggang Zhang ◽  
Qiyao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Zongzong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Rna Methylation

RNA methylation is considered a significant epigenetic modification, a process that does not alter gene sequence but may play a necessary role in multiple biological processes, such as gene expression, genome editing, and cellular differentiation. With advances in RNA detection, various forms of RNA methylation can be found, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). Emerging reports confirm that dysregulation of RNA methylation gives rise to a variety of human diseases, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. We will summarize essential regulators of RNA methylation and biological functions of these modifications in coding and noncoding RNAs. In conclusion, we highlight complex molecular mechanisms of m6A, m5C, and m1A associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and hope this review might provide therapeutic potent of RNA methylation to clinical research.

The role of BA AS signaling molecules and novel therapeutic targets to protect endothelial metabolism and function against obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. e57
Author(s):  
A. Jomard ◽  
O. Chavez-Talavera ◽  
A. Tailleux ◽  
F. Ruschitzka ◽  
A. Von Eckardstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
And Function ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Current Research Progress on Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihong Shi ◽  
Yuxin Xu ◽  
Xin Yi ◽  
Dandan Fang ◽  
Xia Hou
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
And Function

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of mortality among cancers. It has been found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many human cancers, including liver cancer. It has been identified that carcinogenic and tumor-suppressing lncRNAs are associated with complex processes in liver cancer. These lncRNAs may participate in a variety of pathological and biological activities, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we review the regulation and function of lncRNA in liver cancer and evaluate the potential of lncRNA as a new goal for liver cancer.

Pseudoproteases: mechanisms and function

2015 ◽  
Vol 468 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone L. Reynolds ◽  
Katja Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Classification Structure

Catalytically inactive enzymes (also known as pseudoproteases, protease homologues or paralogues, non-peptidase homologues, non-enzymes and pseudoenzymes) have traditionally been hypothesized to act as regulators of their active homologues. However, those that have been characterized demonstrate that inactive enzymes have an extensive and expanding role in biological processes, including regulation, inhibition and immune modulation. With the emergence of each new genome, more inactive enzymes are being identified, and their abundance and potential as therapeutic targets has been realized. In the light of the growing interest in this emerging field the present review focuses on the classification, structure, function and mechanism of inactive enzymes. Examples of how inactivity is defined, how this is reflected in the structure, functions of inactive enzymes in biological processes and their mode of action are discussed.

scholarly journals Small but Heavy Role: MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erbao Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Ruiqi Liu ◽  
Tianshu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Target

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for 85–90% of primary liver cancer, is the fifth most common malignant tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but the pathological mechanism of HCC is still not fully elucidated. miRNAs are evolutionarily endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via posttranscriptional inhibition or target mRNA degradation in several diseases, especially human cancer. Therefore, discovering the roles of miRNAs is appealing to scientific researchers. Emerging evidence has shown that the aberrant expressions of numerous miRNAs are involved in many HCC biological processes. In hepatocarcinogenesis, miRNAs with dysregulated expression can exert their function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on their cellular target during the cell cycle, and in tumor development, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and progression of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current findings on miRNAs and assess their functions to explore the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression in HCC.

scholarly journals The Mechanism and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyue Huang ◽  
Haoming Xia ◽  
Shuqiang Liu ◽  
Xudong Zhao ◽  
Risheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. In view of the lack of early obvious clinical symptoms and related early diagnostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, most HCC patients are already at the advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, and most of them are accompanied by distant metastasis. Furthermore, the unsatisfactory effect of the follow-up palliative care contributes to the poor overall survival of HCC patients. Therefore, it is urgent to identify effective early diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis of HCC patients. Circular RNA (CircRNA), a class of plentiful, stable, and highly conserved ncRNA subgroup with the covalent closed loop, is dysregulated in HCC. Increasingly, emerging evidence have confirmed that dysregulated circRNAs can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, mediating various malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, stemness, and drug resistance, etc.; meanwhile, they are regarded as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HCC. This article reviews the research progress of circRNAs in HCC, expounding the potential molecular mechanisms of dysregulated circRNAs in the carcinogenesis and development of HCC, and discusses those application prospects in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

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