scholarly journals The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuetian Li ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Yu Pang ◽  
Shuangcheng Wang ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
Almost All

As one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death. Vascular injury and immune disorders are the main causes of bone lesions. The traditional conservative treatment of ORN has a low cure rate and high recurrent. Exosomes are a type of extracellular bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by almost all cell types. It contains cytokines, proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive cargos, which contribute to several distinct processes. The favorable biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC exosomes) include angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation. Exploring the characteristic of ORN and MSC exosomes can promote bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of ORN and MSC exosomes and highlighted the potential application of MSC exosomes in ORN treatment.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals The role of hesperetin on osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells and its function in bone regeneration

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 21031-21043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deting Xue ◽  
Erman Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Shengdong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Lin ◽  
Linfeng Huang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Bin Fang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Target Cancer

Stem cell-based therapies exhibit profound therapeutic potential for treating various human diseases, including cancer. Among the cell types that can be used for this purpose, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as promising source of stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. The inherent tumor-tropic property of MSCs can be used to target cancer cells. Although the impacts of MSCs on tumor progression remain elusive, they have been genetically modified or engineered as targeted anticancer agents which could inhibit tumor growth by blocking different processes of tumor. In addition, there are close interactions between MSCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs). MSCs can regulate the growth of CSCs through paracrine mechanisms. This review aims to focus on the current knowledge about MSCs-based tumor therapies, the opportunities and challenges, as well as the prospective of its further clinical implications.

scholarly journals Recent advances in bone regeneration: The role of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction and mesenchymal stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reggie Hamdy ◽  
Yasir Alabdulkarim ◽  
Bayan Ghalimah ◽  
Mohammad Al-Otaibi ◽  
HadilF Al-Jallad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals How the Pathological Microenvironment Affects the Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8140
Author(s):  
Martina Bonifazi ◽  
Mariangela Di Vincenzo ◽  
Miriam Caffarini ◽  
Federico Mei ◽  
Michele Salati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease characterized by fibroblasts activation, ECM accumulation, and diffused alveolar inflammation. The role of inflammation in IPF is still controversial and its involvement may follow nontraditional mechanisms. It is seen that a pathological microenvironment may affect cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that may be able to sustain the inflamed microenvironment and influence the surrounding cells. Here MSCs have been isolated from fibrotic (IPF-MSCs) and control (C-MSCs) lung tissue; first cells were characterized and compared by the expression of molecules related to ECM, inflammation, and other interdependent pathways such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. Subsequently, MSCs were co-cultured between them and with NHLF to test the effects of the cellular crosstalk. Results showed that pathological microenvironment modified the features of MSCs: IPF-MSCs, compared to C-MSCs, express higher level of molecules related to ECM, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia; notably, when co-cultured with C-MSCs and NHLF, IPF-MSCs are able to induce a pathological phenotype on the surrounding cell types. In conclusion, in IPF the pathological microenvironment affects MSCs that in turn can modulate the behavior of other cell types favoring the progression of IPF.

scholarly journals Current Strategies to Generate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Steens ◽  
Diana Klein
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Organism ◽  
Almost All

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous multipotent stem cells that are involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived evolving structures and organs during ontogeny. In the adult organism, reservoirs of MSCs can be found in almost all tissues where MSCs contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity. The use of these different MSCs for cell-based therapies has been extensively studied over the past years, which highlights the use of MSCs as a promising option for the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. However, the proportion of MSCs contained in primary isolates of adult tissue biopsies is rather low and, thus, vigorous ex vivo expansion is needed especially for therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell substitution. Therefore, more easily and accessible sources of MSCs are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the different strategies to generate human MSCs in vitro as an alternative method for their applications in regenerative therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Septins in Endothelial Cells and Platelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Neubauer ◽  
Barbara Zieger
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Almost All

Septins are conserved cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins identified in almost all eukaryotes except higher plants. Mammalian septins comprise 13 family members with either ubiquitous or organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. They form filamentous oligomers and complexes with other proteins to serve as diffusions barrier and/or multi-molecular scaffolds to function in a physiologically regulated manner. Diverse septins are highly expressed in endothelial cells and platelets, which play an important role in hemostasis, a process to prevent blood loss after vascular injury. Endothelial septins are involved in cellular processes such as exocytosis and in processes concerning organismal level, like angiogenesis. Septins are additionally found in endothelial cell-cell junctions where their presence is required to maintain the integrity of the barrier function of vascular endothelial monolayers. In platelets, septins are important for activation, degranulation, adhesion, and aggregation. They have been identified as mediators of distinct platelet functions and being essential in primary and secondary hemostatic processes. Septin-knockout mouse studies show the relevance of septins in several aspects of hemostasis. This is in line with reports that dysregulation of septins is clinically relevant in human bleeding disorders. The precise function of septins in the biology of endothelial cells and platelets remains poorly understood. The following mini-review highlights the current knowledge about the role of septin cytoskeleton in regulating critical functions in these two cell types.

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