Evaluating Distance between Vibrating Line and Fovea Palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate Types

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mean distance between the vibrating line and fovea palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate types. Methodology: This study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi among 197patients. Duration of study was six months. All patients were examined for vibrating line clinically, assessed using phonation method. Subsequently, distance between vibrating line and fovea paltatinae was measured with uncalibrated compass in various contours of soft palate. Results: Out of 197 patient, the vibrating line was seen in130 (64%) anterior to fovea palatinae, whereas, 67 (34%) vibrating line was at the fovea palatinae. The mean distance of those anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatine was calculated as 2.13 (±0.82) mm in Class, 2.07 (±0.69) mm in Class II and 1.80 (±0.82) mm in Class III soft palate contours. Statistical analysis showed no significant between gender, while statistically significant difference among age group and mean distance of anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatinae were found. Conclusions: The mean distance of vibrating line which is predominately found anterior to the fovea palatinae was 2.07 (±0.77) mm.

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The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Waqar Jeelani ◽

◽

Mubassar Fida ◽

Attiya Shaikh ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Class I ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

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Influence of angles occlusion in periodontal diseases

Bioinformation ◽

10.6026/97320630016983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 983-991

Author(s):

Sheeja S. Varghese ◽

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Spss Software

It is of interest to document the known relationship between periodontal status and Angle痴 malocclusion types. We used 26092 case records of patients between 16 to 50 years of age with no gender restrictions. Variables such as age, gender, periodontal diagnosis and type of Angle痴 occlusion were extracted and tabulated. Statistical analysis was completed using chi square test in the SPSS software version 20. Data shows that the majority (95.27%) had Angle痴 class I occlusion and less than 5% had class II and Class III occlusion. Statistical analysis of class II and Class III cases with 1000 randomly selected cases of class I occlusion show a significant difference in the periodontal status between different types of Angle痴 occlusion. Chronic periodontitis was more in class I (10.4%) and it was the lowest in Class II Div 2 (4.3%) occlusion. Class II Div 1(23.8%) and Class III (17%) had the highest and lowest proportion of clinically healthy periodontium, respectively. Thus, we report that angles occlusion types had significant influence on periodontal status along with the other determinants.

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Perbedaan ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal ditinjau dari radiografi sefalometriThe difference in the maxillary sinus size of skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in terms of cephalometric radiographs

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkg.v33i1.30240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Brandon Thamran ◽

Mimi Marina Lubis

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean

Pendahuluan: Ukuran sinus maksilaris dapat dipengaruhi maloklusi skeletal, oleh karena itu pengetahuan dalam perkembangan dan ukuran sinus maksilaris penting dalam diagnosa dan menentukan rencana perawatan kasus maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Jenis penelitian Penelitian deskriptif analitik dilakukan pada 96 pasien RSGM USU usia 18-35 tahun dengan Teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari 27 relasi rahang Kelas I, 31 Kelas II dan 22 Kelas III. Subjek diperoleh melalui pengukuran metode Steiner. Hasil tracing dipindahkan melalui scanner dan pengukuran luas Sinus Maksilaris dengan program AutoCAD. Hasil: Rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal adalah 1492,18268,44 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1614,80259,13 mm2 untuk perempuan p=0,275, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, Kelas II skeletal adalah 1879,75 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1544,41239,47 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,016, maka terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas II skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, dan Kelas III skeletal adalah 1619,36 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1489,92 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,239, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Rerata ukuran antar kelompok didapatkan 1572,93 263,72 mm2 untuk Kelas I skeletal, 1609,32 mm2 untuk Kelas II skeletal, dan 1531,11 mm2 untuk Kelas III skeletal dengan p=0,600, Hasil ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rerata sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pada rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal.Kata kunci: Ukuran sinus maksilaris, maloklusi skeletal, analisa Steiner, radiogram sefalometri. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Maxillary sinus size can be affected by skeletal malocclusion. Therefore knowledge of maxillary sinus development and size is essential in diagnosing and determining the treatment plan for malocclusion cases. This study was aimed to analyse the mean difference in maxillary sinus size in skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in males and females. Methods: This type of study was a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 96 patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 18-35 years with a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 27 Class I, 31 Class II and 22 Class III jaw relations. Subjects were obtained by measuring the Steiner method. The tracing results were transferred through a scanner and measuring the maxillary sinus area using the AutoCAD program. Results: The mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus was 1492.18268.44 mm2 for men and 1614,80259.13 mm2 for women p = 0.275, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus in males and females. Class II skeletal is 1879.75 mm2 for men and 1544.41239.47 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.016. Hence, there is a significant difference between the mean skeletal Class II maxillary sinus in males and females, and skeletal Class III is 1619.36 mm2 for men and 1489.92 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.239, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class III maxillary sinus in males and females. The mean size between groups was 1572.93 263.72 mm2 for skeletal Class I, 1609.32 mm2 for skeletal Class II, and 1531.11 mm2 for skeletal Class III with p = 0.600. skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions. Conclusion: There was no difference in mean maxillary sinus size in skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.Keywords: Maxillary sinus size, skeletal malocclusion, Steiner analysis, cephalometric radiograph.

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Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Hui-Ling Chen ◽

Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽

Chia-Jung Chang ◽

Ti-Feng Wu ◽

I-Kuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Class Ii ◽

Cadmium Exposure ◽

Class I ◽

P Value ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Class Iii ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Urine Cadmium ◽

The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

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Differences in Pharyngeal Characteristics According to Angle Class of Malocclusion

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.1515/bjdm-2015-0028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Diamantidou ◽

N. Topouzelis ◽

S. Sidiropoulou-Hadjigianni ◽

N. Gkantidis

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Class Ii ◽

Total Surface Area ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Angular Measurements ◽

Pre Treatment

SUMMARYObjectives: To investigate potential differences in the pharynx, the soft palate, the pharyngeal tonsil, and the tongue between patients with different Angle Classes of malocclusion.Study Design: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 116 normal breathing individuals aged between 9 and 12 years were analyzed. 20 linear and 4 angular measurements, as well as 5 variables concerning the surface area of the pharynx and the soft palate were evaluated.Results: The angle formed by the palatal plane and the base of the skull had lower values in Class II groups. The soft palate height was smaller in Class II, div. 1 group. The angle between the soft and hard palates was smaller in Class III, followed by Class I, Class II, div. 2, and Class II, div. 1, with increasing values. The distance of the tongue from the palatal plane was larger in Class I and Class III groups. The surface area of the oropharynx was larger in Class III than in Class II groups. The total surface area of the pharynx had higher values in Class III than in Class II/1.Conclusion: Subjects with Class II malocclusion may be more prone to develop respiratory related disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, followed by Class I and Class III subjects.

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Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/210306 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

B. H. Durgesh ◽

Prashanth Prakash ◽

Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah ◽

Basavaraj Subashchandra Phulari ◽

Abdul Aziz A. Al Kheraif

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Age Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Chinese Ethnicity ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Study Population

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group.

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Differences in the Buccal Bone Marrow Distance of ≤0.8 mm in the Mandible of Patients Undergoing Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy among the Different Skeletal Patterns: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5644

Author(s):

Yu-Chuan Tseng ◽

Shih-Wei Liang ◽

Szu-Ting Chou ◽

Shih-Chieh Chen ◽

Chin-Yun Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Class Ii ◽

B Value ◽

Class I ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Class Iii ◽

Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽

Lower Lip ◽

B Values ◽

Significant Difference

This study investigated the relationship between the thickness of the ramus and skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Ninety participants were categorized into three skeletal patterns (Class I, Class II, and Class III). The first vertical slice (slice 0) was observed in the intact mandibular canal, and then moved forward to 40 mm (slice 21) with a 2 mm interval. The thickness of buccal bone marrow (B value) was measured. A B value of ≤0.8 mm was considered to be the major risk factor causing the occurrence of postoperative lower lip paresthesia. There were 461 sides with a B value of ≤0.8 mm. There was a significant difference in the skeletal patterns [Class III (198 sides: 15.7%) > Class I (159 sides: 12.6%) > Class II (104 sides: 8.3%)]. Class II participants had significantly larger B values (2.14 to 3.76 mm) and a lower occurrence rate (≤0.8 mm) than those of Class III participants (1.5 to 3 mm) in front of the mandibular foramen (from 6 mm to 20 mm). Class III participants had significantly shorter buccal bone marrow distance and a higher occurrence rate of B values (≤0.8 mm) than Class II.

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Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.4103/2321-1407.169951 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 255-261

Author(s):

D. K. Mahamad Iqbal ◽

Vivek B. Amin ◽

Rohan Mascarenhas ◽

Akther Husain

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Parietal Bone ◽

Frontal Bone ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skull Thickness

Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Materials and Methods Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone. Result Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Conclusion The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION AND SAGITTAL MALOCCLUSIONS: STUDY OF AN ORTHODONTIC POPULATION

Innovare Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijss.2021.v9i3.41058 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

INES DALLEL ◽

SANA KANOUN ◽

MARIEM NAHDI ◽

MONCEF OMMEZINE ◽

SAMIR TOBJI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Class I ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Class Iii ◽

Angle Class ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the skeletal pattern and angle class with the occlusal plane (OP). This study also examined the effect of orthodontic treatment on this plane. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 135 patients were collected. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal, palatal plane (PP), mandibular plane (MP), and the OP were analyzed and compared between several groups and subsequently before and after treatment. Results: The statistical comparison between 3 skeletal frame groups demonstrates that the cant of the OP showed a major difference. This difference was greater in class III subjects. Examination revealed that the OP was not meaningfully affected within the Angle classification. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between OP steepness and the vertical skeletal pattern. A significant rise of OP/sella-nasion (SN) for class I (p=0.019) and II (p=0.015) after orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients treated with elastics showed a significant decrease of OP/MP (mandibular plane) in Angle class III and considerable increase of OP/SN and OP/PP in Angle class II. Observations of the group treated with bimaxillary extractions showed that OP/SN (sella nasion line) and OP/PP differ in a meaningful way. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between the skeletal pattern and the OP inclination in adults. Concerning the Angle classification, there was no significant difference between the groups. Orthodontic therapy had an influence on the inclination of this plane for the different malocclusions. Premolars extraction in class I cases significantly modified the OP. For class II and III malocclusions, the OP inclination was mainly altered by the use of intermaxillary traction elastics.

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Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/052912-449 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 327-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Niko C. Bock ◽

Benjamin Reiser ◽

Sabine Ruf

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Midline Shift ◽

Herbst Appliance ◽

Short Term ◽

Retention Period ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Original Class

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Class II subdivision Herbst nonextraction treatment and its short-term stability retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two Class II subdivision (SUB: right-left molar difference ≥0.75 cusp width) and 22 symmetric Class II patients (SYM: ≥0.75 cusp width bilaterally) were matched according to gender and pretreatment handwrist radiographic stage. The mean treatment duration of the Herbst and subsequent multibracket phase was 8 months and 14 months, respectively. The mean retention period amounted to 36 months. Dental casts from before treatment (T1), after Herbst treatment (T2), after Multibracket treatment (T3), and after retention (T4) were evaluated. Results: A bilateral Class I or super Class I molar relationship was seen in 72.7% (SUB) and 77.3% (SYM) at T3. The corresponding values at T4 were 63.7% (SUB) and 72.7% (SYM). A unilateral or bilateral Class III molar relationship was more frequent in the SUB group (T3: +4.6%; T4: +13.6%). For overjet, similar mean values were seen in both groups after treatment (T3: SUB, 2.7 mm; SYM, 2.3 mm) and after retention (T4: SUB, 3.0 mm; SYM, 3.4 mm). This was also true for the midline shift (T3: SUB, −0.4 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm; T4: SUB, −0.3 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm). Conclusion: Class II subdivision Herbst treatment was successful similarly to symmetric Class II Herbst treatment. However, a slight overcompensation of the molar relationship (Class III tendency) was more frequent in the subdivision patients (original Class I side).

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