scholarly journals Influence of Foundation Rigidity on the Structural Response of Mat Foundation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sami W. Tabsh ◽  
Magdi El-Emam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Mat Foundation ◽  
Mat Thickness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A mat is a type of shallow foundation that is appropriate for structures supported on soil having relatively low bearing capacity or excessive settlement. Structural analysis of a mat foundation can be accomplished by either assuming the mat to be perfectly rigid or by considering the soil-structure interaction. This study researches the relationship between the mat-soil rigidity and structural response in terms of the soil bearing pressure, bending moment, and shear within the mat. To accomplish the objective of the study, 70 different mats are analyzed using a linearly elastic finite element approach. The variables that are considered in the analysis are the number of bays in each direction, center-to-center column spacing, mat thickness, panel aspect ratio, column cross section dimensions, soil modulus of subgrade reaction, and modulus of elasticity of concrete. A dimensionless mat rigidity measure was developed that determines whether a given mat can be reasonably analyzed by assuming it to be infinitely rigid. The developed rigidity factor takes into consideration all parameters that significantly affect the mat structural response. Results of the analysis indicate that there is strong correlation between the developed rigidity factor and critical soil bearing pressure and maximum internal bending moment within the mat. No correlation was observed between the mat rigidity and critical shear force. Relationships between the rigidity factor and the critical soil bearing pressures and bending moments, relative to the response of the infinitely rigid mat, are proposed. A parametric study is included to demonstrate the impact of the variables that affect the rigidity index on the response of the mat.

scholarly journals Optimization of isolated and combined pad foundation using computer aided application of finite element approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Ubi Stanley E.
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mesh Selection ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Most Finite Element packages provide means to generate meshes automatically. However, the user is usually confronted with the problem of not knowing whether the mesh generated is appropriate for the problem at hand. Since the accuracy of the Finite Element results is mesh dependent, mesh selection forms a very important step in the analysis of isolated and combined footing pad foundation. SAFE is an ultimate tools use in the design of concrete floors and foundation system, hence provide a suitable means for the user. From framing layout all the way through to detail drawing production, SAFE integrate every aspect of engineering design which are in one process easy and intuitive environment. SAFE provides unmatched benefits to the engineer with its truly unique combination of power, comprehensive capabilities, and ease-of-use. In the context of this research, we have plotted graphs showing the relationship between the nodes and displacement with the stress patterns as generated from the software. It is understood from the graph that multiple elements in the process of meshing will make the footing to be at equilibrium. The research also carry the shape deformed diagram which shows the deformation of the footing due to the impose load (stress) on the footing, it also give the bending moment diagram of the footings. The basic structure and analysis of the single and double pad footing foundations have been designed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the failure planes being considered. The results obtained, it is assumed that FEA is an ideal design method that breaks foundation design into basic elements and nodes that shows the action of the loading on the footings.

scholarly journals Comparison of Seismic isolation with isolator and Soil structure Interaction U-shaped metallic isolator and Soil structure Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01097
Author(s):  
G. Jyothi Sravya ◽  
A. Manchalwar
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Steel Damper ◽  
The Impact

Soil condition is an important research area in earthquake engineering. In this work we evaluated the impact of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and U-shaped steel damper on the isolated response of the building base. Different soils for a seismic performance of multistory buildings are systematically compared and discussed. The soil’s physical state is divided into; hard soil, medium soil, and soft soil. It was compared with the U-shaped steel damper and there is noticeable difference between them. This study concludes that the use of steel damper shaped and SSI has been effective in minimizing structural response. It was observed that interaction of the soil structure provides some flexibility to the structure by increasing the structure’s displacements. Modeling base isolation along with consideration of soil structure interaction therefore leads to better structural response prediction.

Examination of Various Bending Moments on the Run Side and on the Branch Side for the Stress Index C2 of ASME NB-3600 Class 1 Branch Connections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Faraz ◽  
Robert Gurdal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Branch Pipe ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Technical Paper ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Analyses

Previous stress analyses have shown that the requirement of exclusively using the branch pipe cross-section properties for the NB-3600 Class 1 branch connection stress analyses can be very severe (conservative), when compared with using the branch nozzle cross-section properties. In the analyses performed for a 2015 PVP technical paper (Ref. 2), one of the questions raised was the fact that only two specified bending moments were used in those previous stress analyses: 1,000,000 in-lbf as the run bending moment and 20,000 in-lbf as the branch bending moment. In fact, that was the main question that was raised. Therefore, the purpose of this technical paper is to perform additional stress analyses, based on various bending moments on the run side and on the branch side. The impact of using these various bending moments will be evaluated. The 2001 Edition of the ASME-Code removed a note at the bottom of the branch connection NB-3600 Figure. This note is required to be able to perform more accurate NB-3600 piping stress analyses of the branch connection. There is at this time a suggestion to restore that note.

Effects of Water Height and Floodgate Distance on Flow Pressure of Flood

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 6195-6204
Author(s):  
Shi Yun Xiao ◽  
Yi Qing Si ◽  
Bin Yue ◽  
Liu Juan Yang ◽  
Xue Li Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Increase ◽  
Water Height

Rural building models were tested to research the action of flood on buildings, three different water heights with 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 meters were applied to this experiment to simulate small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale flood respectively. The model was placed at 3, 6 and 9 meters far from the floodgate. In this paper, the effect of the water height and the distance between model and floodgate on the values and distributions of the flow pressure are studied. Some conclusions can be drawn: the flow pressures, force and bending moments of the flow surface increase with the increasing water height and the relationship are approximately linear; the values and distributions of the flow pressure are independent of the floodgate distance and the force and bending moment of the flow surface increase with the distance from 3 meter to 6 meter but decrease with the distance from 6 meter to 9 meter.

Wind load estimation on an open-grown European oak tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Angelou ◽  
Ebba Dellwik ◽  
Jakob Mann
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Strain Gauge Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this study, we investigate the relationship between the mean wind-induced load on an open-grown oak tree and the mean wind speed. The estimation of the wind load is based on bending moment observations on the stem, using strain gauges installed close to the base of the tree. The measurement campaign included periods where the crown was both with and without foliage. A new post-processing method to compensate for time- and temperature-dependent drifts of long-term strain gauge measurements is presented. The time-scale, at which the method is applied, is determined from the observed high coherence between the wind speed and the induced bending moments. The analysis shows that the wind load on the tree is proportional to the wind speed raised to an exponent of 1.60–1.68 and 1.90–2.01 in the case of a crown with and without leaves, respectively. The results indicate that the presence of foliage increases the wind-induced load by a factor of 2–3. The impact of the wind speed range on these results is discussed and compared to the measured wind deficit in the lee of the tree. The application of this method can potentially be extended to other tree mounted sensors.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
David Pitt ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Ray Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

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