scholarly journals Contribution of Regulatory T Cell Methylation Modifications to the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jiani Li ◽  
Jichao Sha ◽  
Liwei Sun ◽  
Dongdong Zhu ◽  
Cuida Meng
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subtype of CD4+ T cells that play a significant role in the protection from autoimmunity and the maintenance of immune tolerance via immune regulation. Epigenetic modifications of Treg cells (i.e., cytosine methylation at the promoter region of the transcription factor, Forkhead Box P3) have been found to be closely associated with allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. In this study, we highlighted the recent evidence on the contribution of epigenetic modifications in Treg cells to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Moreover, we also discussed directions for future clinical treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on Treg cell-targeted therapies for allergic disorders.

scholarly journals Role of innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asghar Pasha ◽  
Gargi Patel ◽  
Russell Hopp ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background: Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest and research into understanding the type 2 immune responses by the epithelium-derived cytokines interleukin (IL) 33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a unique family of effector immune cells that functionally resemble T cells but lack clonal distributed antigen receptors. Group 2 ILCs, ILC2s, are known for their capability to secrete proallergic cytokines, including IL-5 and IL-13. ILC2s are enriched at mucosal barriers in lung, gut, and skin, and their activation has been associated with a variety of allergic disorders. Objective: To study the role of ILC2 in different allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for articles that reported on ILC2 in allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Results: A review of the literature revealed an important role of ILC2 in various allergic disorders. Conclusion: Identification of ILC2s in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis indicates that these cells may represent a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discussed the current understanding of ILC2 biology and its function and regulation in various allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IL-17 Producing Memory Regulatory and Effector T Cells Expressing CD26 Molecule in Patients with Psoriasis

2018 ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Behnaz Esmaeili ◽  
Parvin Mansouri ◽  
Alipasha Meysamie ◽  
Maryam Izad
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Memory regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been demonstrated to produce IL-17 in Psoriasis. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) has been demonstrated not to be reliable marker to evaluate Treg cells. Effector CD4+T cells also express Foxp3 after activation. Human T helper-17 cells (Th-17) express high level of surface CD26, while regulatory T cells are CD26 negative or low and this phenotype is stable even after activation of Treg cells. In this study, we aimed to analyze IL-17 producing Treg cells using CD26.      Memory T cells were isolated from 10 patients with psoriasis and 10 controls. Ex vivo stimulated IL-17 producing regulatory (Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3)+CD25+CD26-/low) and effector (Foxp3+CD25+CD26hi) memory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-23, IL-6, TNFα, TGFβ and IL-17 cytokine levels were also evaluated. No significant difference in IL-17+memory regulatory T cells was seen between patients and controls (p=0.19). A significant decrease in the percentage of IL-17 producing CD26hi effector memory T cells was observed in patients (p=0.04). However, the percentage of these cells was not different between patients with mild or severe form of psoriasis compared to controls (p=0.13). We could not find any significant difference regarding IL-23, IL-6, TNFα, TGFβ and IL-17 cytokine levels in plasma and cell culture supernatant samples between patients and controls.  Taken together, our results showed a reduced IL-17 producing effector memory CD26hi T cells in patients with psoriasis compared to controls. However, IL-17 producing memory regulatory CD4+T cells of patients showed no significant difference from that of controls

scholarly journals Forkhead Box P3 Methylation and Expression in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
David Sanz-Rubio ◽  
Arianne Sanz ◽  
Luis Varona ◽  
Rosa Bolea ◽  
Marta Forner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background: Epigenetic changes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been proposed as a mechanism for end-organ vulnerability. In children with OSA, Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) DNA methylation were associated with inflammatory biomarkers; however, the methylation pattern and its effect in the expression of this gene have not been tested in adults with OSA. Methods: Plasma samples from subjects without comorbid conditions other than OSA were analyzed (the Epigenetics Status and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (EPIOSA) Study: NCT02131610). In 16 patients with severe OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index—AHI- > 30 events/h) and seven matched controls (AHI < 5), methylation of FOXP3 gen was evaluated by PCR of the promoter and by pyrosequencing of the intron 1 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR). In another 74 patients with OSA (AHI > 10) and 31 controls, we quantified FOXP3 protein expression by ELISA and gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma Treg cells were also evaluated. Results: Neither the levels of the promoter nor the TSDR demethylated region were different between controls and patients with OSA, whether they were grouped by normal or high CRP. FOXP3 protein and mRNA expression did not differ between groups. Conclusions: FOXP3 methylation or its expression is not altered in adults with OSA, whatever their inflammatory status.

scholarly journals Prevalence of allergic disorders and risk factors associated with food allergy in Turkish preschoolers

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Ayşen Genç Aksoy ◽  
Perran Boran ◽  
Elif Karakoc-Aydiner ◽  
Gulbin Gokcay ◽  
Zeynep Ulker Tamay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background: The prevalence of allergic disorders is on the rise, affecting about 10% of the population. In this retrospective cohort, we investigated prevalence of allergic disorders, associated risk factors, and the outcome of food allergies.  Material and methods: We analyzed data from birth cohorts of two university hospitals’ well-child outpatient clinics. Factors related to onset and type of allergic diseases were assessed from demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data.  Results: Analyses were performed on 949 (431F/518M) infants at a mean current age of 28±6 months. Any allergic disease was established among 177 cases (22%); atopic dermatitis in 123 (12.8%), respiratory allergies in 55 (5.7%), and food allergy in 41 (4.3%). The risk for allergic disorders was found to be significantly increased for male gender (OR: 2.31, 95% CI; 1.54–3.46), and positive parental atopy (OR: 1.94, 95% CI; 1.31–2.86). The risk of food allergies was significantly higher in the male gender (OR: 2.47, 95% CI; 1.21–5.02), who consumed egg-white between 6 and 12 months (OR: 2.34, 95% CI; 1.22–4.48), and who were formula-fed before 6 months (OR: 2.16, 95% CI; 1.14–4.10). We found no significant association between the rate of food allergy outgrowth or food induced-anaphylaxis with regards to the timing of introducing egg-white into the diet.  Conclusions: Although the introduction of egg-white into infant diet at 6–12 months of life appeared as an independent risk for any food allergy, none of the patients developed anaphylaxis. Age at symptom onset and outgrowing food allergy were similar compared to those introduced egg-white after 12 months. We recommend promoting exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, and avoidance of prolonged restrictive diets for children with food allergy.   

scholarly journals Potential Application of Tregitopes as Immunomodulating Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Elyaman ◽  
Samia J. Khoury ◽  
David W. Scott ◽  
Anne S. De Groot
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Regulatory Cell ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Human Immunoglobulins ◽  
Potential Applications

The induction of immunologic tolerance is an important clinical goal in autoimmunity. CD4+regulatory T (Treg) cells, defined by the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), play a central role in the control of autoimmune responses. Quantitative and qualitative defects of Tregs have been postulated to contribute to failed immune regulation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. This paper highlights the potential uses of T regulatory cell epitopes (Tregitopes), natural Treg epitopes found to be contained in human immunoglobulins, as immunomodulating agents in MS. Tregitopes expand Treg cells and induce “adaptive Tregs” resulting in immunosuppression and, therefore, are being considered as a potential therapy for autoimmune diseases. We will compare Tregitopes versus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of EAE with emphasis on the potential applications of Tregitope for the treatment of MS.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and Allergic Diseases: What’s New?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Giulia Nuzzi ◽  
Maria Elisa Di Cicco ◽  
Diego Giampietro Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Chronic Health Problems ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Asthma and other allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and food allergies, are common chronic health problems in childhood. The rapid rise in the prevalence of these conditions registered over the last few decades has stressed the need to identify the modifiable risk factors associated with the development of these diseases. Breast milk, recognized as the gold standard for healthy growth and development of the newborn, is one of the major factors associated with a lower incidence of allergic and infectious diseases in childhood and young adulthood. Although the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not well understood, breastfeeding leads to immune system maturation. In this narrative review, we summarize existing evidence on breastfeeding and human milk composition in relation to allergic disease prevention or development.

A Phenotypic Screening Approach Using Human Treg Cells Identified Regulators of Forkhead Box p3 Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ding ◽  
Johan Brengdahl ◽  
Madelene Lindqvist ◽  
Ulf Gehrmann ◽  
Elke Ericson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treg Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Screening Approach

scholarly journals Post-Translational Regulations of Foxp3 in Treg Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong ◽  
Cuiping Yang ◽  
Fan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Treg Function ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Novel Targets

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for immune homeostasis due to their roles in peripheral tolerance. As the master transcription factor of Treg cells, Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) strongly regulates Treg function and plasticity. Because of this, considerable research efforts have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms controlling Foxp3 and its co-regulators. Such work is not only advancing our understanding on Treg cell biology, but also uncovering novel targets for clinical manipulation in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor therapies. Recently, many studies have explored the post-translational regulation of Foxp3, which have shown that acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitination are important for determining Foxp3 function and plasticity. Additionally, some of these targets have been implicated to have great therapeutic values. In this review, we will discuss emerging evidence of post-translational regulations on Foxp3 in Treg cells and their exciting therapeutic applications.

Desloratadine and levocetirizine – the importance in allergic diseases treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Rafał Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
H1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Allergic Disorders

H1-receptor blockers (including levocetirizine and desloratadine) are employed in treatment of multiple allergic diseases. In this review we deliver data regarding efficacy and safety these two drugs. Moreover, we are comparing their properties. The individualization therapy is a mainstay in allergic disorders treatment.

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