scholarly journals Influence of Fiber Volume and Fiber Length on Thermal and Flexural Properties of a Hybrid Natural Polymer Composite Prepared with Banana Stem, Pineapple Leaf, and S-Glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
K. B. Prakash ◽  
Yahya Ali Fageehi ◽  
Rajasekaran Saminathan ◽  
P. Manoj Kumar ◽  
S. Saravanakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Banana Stem

There is more demand for natural fiber-reinforced composites in the energy sector, and their impact on the environment is almost zero. Natural fiber has plenty of advantages, such as easy recycling and degrading property, low density, and low price. Natural fiber’s thermal properties and flexural properties are less than conventional fiber. This work deals with the changes in the thermal properties and mechanical properties of S-glass reinforced with a sodium hydroxide-treated pineapple leaf (PALF) and banana stem fibers. Banana stem and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were used at various volume fractions, i.e., 30%, 40%, and 50%, and various fiber lengths of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm with S-glass, and their effects on the thermal and mechanical properties were studied, and their optimum values were found. It was evidenced that increasing the fiber volume and fiber length enhanced the flexural and thermal properties up to 40% of the fiber volume, and started to decrease at 50% of the fiber volume. The fiber length provides an affirmative effect on the flexural properties and a pessimistic effect on the thermal properties. The PALF S-glass combination of 40% fiber load and 40 cm fiber length provides maximum flexural strength, flexural modulus, storage modulus, and lowest loss modulus based on hybrid Taguchi grey relational optimization techniques. PALF S-glass hybrid composite has been found to have 7.80%, 3.44%, 1.17% higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, and loss modulus, respectively, and 15.74% lower storage modulus compared to banana S-glass hybrid composite.

Monitoring of mechanical properties of prestressed glass fiber epoxy composites over 12 months after fabrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110047
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Siddhartha Brahma ◽  
Haibin Ning ◽  
Selvum Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Fiber Volume

Fiber prestressing during matrix curing can significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. One primary reason behind this improvement is the generated compressive residual stress within the cured matrix, which impedes cracks initiation and propagation. However, the prestressing force might diminish progressively with time due to the creep of the compressed matrix and the relaxation of the tensioned fiber. As a result, the initial compressive residual stress and the acquired improvement in mechanical properties are prone to decline over time. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the prestressed composites as time proceeds. This study monitors the change in the tensile and flexural properties of unidirectional prestressed glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites over a period of 12 months after manufacturing. The composites were prepared using three different fiber volume fractions 25%, 30%, and 40%. The results of mechanical testing showed that the prestressed composites acquired an initial increase up to 29% in the tensile properties and up to 32% in the flexural properties compared to the non-prestressed counterparts. Throughout the 12 months of study, the initial increase in both tensile and flexural strength showed a progressive reduction. The loss ratio of the initial increase was observed to be inversely proportional to the fiber volume fraction. For the prestressed composites fabricated with 25%, 30%, and 40% fiber volume fraction, the initial increase in tensile and flexural strength dropped by 29%, 25%, and 17%, respectively and by 34%, 26%, and 21%, respectively at the end of the study. Approximately 50% of the total loss took place over the first month after the manufacture, while after the sixth month, the reduction in mechanical properties became insignificant. Tensile modulus started to show a very slight reduction after the fourth/sixth month, while the flexural modulus reduction was observed from the beginning. Although the prestressed composites displayed time-dependent losses, their long-term mechanical properties still outperformed the non-prestressed counterparts.

The Effect of Fiber Size on the Mechanical Properties of Bertam/Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
M.H. Norhidayah ◽  
Arep Hambali ◽  
M.Y. Yuhazri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Polyester Composites

The aim of this paper was the effects of different fiber size on tensile and flexural properties. Preparation of thermoset unsaturated polyester reinforced with particle Bertam (Eugeissona tristis) was done by hand layout method. Bertam/polyester composites containing Bertam fiber of different sizes, i.e., 15, 120 and 284 μm were prepared. For each composite, eight specimens were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties. It was found that composite reinforced with Bertam having the shortest fiber length, i.e, 15 μm showed the highest tensile and flexural modulus, which were 204.14 MPa and 1826.78 MPa, respectively.

Influence of fiber volume fraction and curing temperature on mechanical properties of jute/PLA green composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Jai Inder Preet Singh ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Vikas Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Fiber Volume

Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources have resulted in an increased interest in biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this research work, jute fiber has been used as a reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix material to develop jute/PLA green composites with the help of compression molding technique. The effect of fiber volume fraction ranging from 25% to 50% and curing temperature ranging from 160°C to 180°C on different samples were investigated for mechanical properties and water absorption. Results obtained from various tests indicate that with an increase in the fiber volume fraction, tensile and flexural strength increases till 30% fiber fraction, thereafter decreases with further increase in fiber content. Maximum tensile and flexural strength of jute/PLA composites was obtained with 30% fiber volume fraction at 160°C curing temperature. The trend obtained from mechanical properties is further justified through the study of surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy.

FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF INJECTION-MOLDED BAMBOO/PBS COMPOSITES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2838-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYA OHKITA ◽  
HITOSHI TAKAGI
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Opposite Tendency

In recent years, from an environmental perspective, there has been increasing interest in the change to a sustainable society. The use of natural-fiber-reinforced biodegradable composites has been proposed as one solution. Bamboo is an often used renewable bio-resource; it has an inherent advantage of rapid growth. Polybutylene succinate ( PBS ), used as matrix resin, has biodegradable characteristics. This paper describes flexural properties of bamboo/ PBS composites prepared by injection molding. The following results were obtained. The flexural modulus was improved with increasing bamboo powder contents when the cylinder temperature of the injection molder was 140°C. However, the flexural strength showed the opposite tendency to be decreased with increasing bamboo powder contents. An SEM photomicrograph of the fracture surface for bamboo/ PBS composites showed typical fracture behavior of pull-out fibers without fiber fracture. Furthermore, there was no adhesion of PBS resin on the bamboo fiber surface. Processing conditions affected mechanical properties of bamboo/ PBS composites, imparting higher flexural strength and flexural modulus at high cylinder temperatures such as 180°C and 200°C.

Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Strength and Flexural Properties of Concrete Containing Silica Fume

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume

A designed experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of polypropylene fiber on the compressive strength and flexural properties of concrete containing silica fume, a large number of experiments have been carried out in this study. The flexural properties include flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity. On the basis of the experimental results of the specimens of six sets of mix proportions, the mechanism of action of polypropylene fiber on compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity has been analyzed in details. The results indicate that there is a tendency of increase in the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the flexural modulus of elasticity of concrete containing silica fume decrease gradually with the increase of fiber volume fraction.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy Filled with Seed Shells as Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6972-6977
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sunflower Seed Shells

The use of natural fiber composite has been widely promoted in many industries such as construction, automotive and even aerospace. Natural fibers can be extracted from plants that are abundantly available in the form of waste such as sunflower seed shells (SSS) and groundnut shells (GNS). These fibers were chosen as the reinforcement in epoxy to form composites. The performance of composites was evaluated following the ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 for tensile and flexural tests respectively. Eight types of composites were prepared using SSS and GNS fibers as reinforcement and epoxy as the matrix with the fiber content of 20wt %. The fibers were untreated and treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) at various concentrations (6%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and soaking time (24, 48 and 72 hours). The treatment has successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of both composites, namely SSS/epoxy and GNS/epoxy composites. The SSS/epoxy composite has the best mechanical properties when the fibers were treated for 48 hours using 6% of NaOH that produced 22 MPa and 13 MPa of tensile and flexural strength respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment on groundnut shells with 10% sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours has increased the Flexural strength tremendously (53%), however no significant effect on the tensile strength. The same trend was also observed on the tensile and flexural modulus. The increase of 41% in flexural modulus after treatment with 10% NaOH for 24 hours was also the evidence of mechanical properties enhancement. The evidence of improved fiber and matrix bonding after fiber treatment was also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SSS/epoxy composites performed better in tensile application, meanwhile the GNS/epoxy composites are good in flexural application.

Flexural Properties of T700 2D Cf/SiC Composites via Precursor Infiltration and Pyrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Xin Bo He ◽  
Hai Feng Hu ◽  
Yu Di Zhang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
Plain Weave ◽  
Sic Composites

2D Cf/SiC composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process with spreaded T700-12K plain weave carbon clothes as the reinforcement. The mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. The composites are compact with few internal defects since the precursor could infiltrate the preform effectively. CVD-PyC interface modified the surface of T700 carbon fiber, a rough surface is helpful for the interfacial combination and the load transfer. For the Cf/PyC/SiC composites, the flexural strength and flexural modulus were 425±23.2 MPa and 36.3±3.1 GPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Flexural Strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites Produced through Vacuum Infusion and Hand Lay-Up Techniques - A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rahman ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jasani ◽  
Mohd Azizuddin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Banana Fibre ◽  
Vacuum Infusion Process

Natural fiber such as kenaf, sisal, pineapple leaf and banana are growing popular nowadays due to its favor over traditional glass fiber and inorganic material. It is a renewable resources and abundantly available in the market. The composites made of natural fiber are economical, lightweight and environmental friendly. This study works on producing a composite based on the Banana fiber reinforced epoxy resin by using the method of Vacuum Infusion and Hand Lay-up. Banana fiber will be treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and water solution for 1 hour and then dried in the oven for 24 hours at 100°C. The composite will be produce based on different fiber volume fraction of 20% and 40% as well as different fiber length of 127mm, and 63mm. In Vacuum Infusion process, a mold made of aluminium have been manufactured according to the size of specimens of 127mm x 12.7mm x 3.2mm in dimension will be used in the preparation of specimens. The specimens of different volume fraction and fiber length produced by vacuum infusion and hand lay-up method will be mechanically tested through flexural test. The highest flexural strength is the specimen made by vacuum infusion process with 40% volume fraction and 63mm fiber length, which is 136.27MPa while for the hand lay-up process, the highest flexural strength is 80.71 with 40% volume fraction and 63mm fiber length.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Hibiscus Esculentus (Okra) Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
D. I. Chukwuma ◽  
E. N. Ikezue ◽  
E. O. Onu ◽  
J. O. Ezeugo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Okra Fiber

Natural fiber and their composites are the emerging trends in material science. They are speedily gaining grounds in the replacement of synthetic reinforcements. This is due to their low density, high specific mechanical strength, ultimate availability and disposability and less processing requirements. Most plant based fibers have become centers of research. This work is based on Okra fiber. Okra fiber was used as reinforcement in vinyl ester polymer matrix. Okra fiber was chemically treated using NaOH to clean fiber surface, modify the surface to increase the surface roughness and in general enhance bond strength between fiber and matrix. Reinforcement of the matrix using Okra fiber increases mechanical properties of the composite. But for optimal result, certain parameters were considered and varied. The two parameters considered were: fiber length, and proportion or volume fraction. Different variations of fiber length considered were: 10mm, 30mm and 50mm while the different fiber volume fractions considered are 10%, 30% and 50%. This work has analyzed how these parameters can be best combined for optimum values of tensile properties of the composite. The tensile strength of composite was highest at fiber length of 50mm and volume fraction of 10% at ultimate tensile strength of 214MPa.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on dynamic mechanical and thermal characteristics of Coccinia Indica fiber reinforced polyester composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502090583
Author(s):  
Balu Sethuraman ◽  
Sampath Pavayee Subramani ◽  
Sathish Kumar Palaniappan ◽  
Bhuvaneshwaran Mylsamy ◽  
Karthik Aruchamy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Coccinia Indica

Due to superior material properties of fiber reinforced composites, they are utilized in many structural fabrications. Even though many studies have been reported about various fiber reinforced composites, it is indeed to find more eco-friendly composites for modern applications. So, developing the new fiber reinforced composites and revealing its mechanical properties are vital. In this examination, the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite was prepared by compression molding method. The natural fiber named as Coccinia Indica was used to fabricate the fiber reinforced composites. The impact of different fiber length on dynamic mechanical properties like loss modulus, storage modulus, and loss of weight in fiber reinforced composites was predicted using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The outcomes revealed that fiber length of 30 mm shows better values in storage modulus and nominal loss modulus owing to higher interfacial bonding among fiber and matrix. However, in other fiber lengths, the storage modulus depicts poor result and high loss modulus is due to inefficient stress transfer.

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