Comparison of the Effect of Three Irrigation Techniques and Root Canal Preparation Size on Sodium Hypochlorite Penetration into Root Canal Dentinal Tubules

Objective. This study aims to compare the effects of conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and innovative sonic-powered irrigation (EDDY) on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions into root canal dentinal tubules at different levels of the root canal. Materials and Methods. One hundred ninety-two extracted first mandibular premolars of 17- to 25-year-old patients were decoronated 13 mm from the root apices and separated into two groups according to apical preparation sizes (APS) 25 and 40. The root canals were dried with a paper point and stained in crystal violet for 72 hours. Each APS group was separated into three groups according to irrigation techniques, as follows: CSI, PUI, and EDDY. Roots were perpendicularly resected to the long axis at three levels (coronal, middle, and apical). Photomicrographs were taken of all three cross-sections of each tooth under a stereomicroscope. The depth of the bleached zone was measured with ImageJ software. The data were analyzed by Welch’s analysis of variance and an independent t-test ( p = 0.05). Results No penetration was found at the apical level in the CSI25, CSI40, and PUI25 groups. The EDDY25 and EDDY40 groups showed the most significant penetration at the middle and apical levels compared to the other groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study, irrigation techniques and APS affect the penetration depth of NaOCl into the root canal dentinal tubules. In terms of irrigation techniques, the penetration was deepest when EDDY was used, followed by PUI and CSI. In terms of APS, NaOCl penetrated deeper into APS40 than APS25. The use of the EDDY irrigation technique in APS25 can improve the penetration of NaOCl into root canal dentinal tubules at the apical level.

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Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Apical Extrusion of Irrigating Solution

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697378 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tamer Tasdemir ◽

Kursat Er ◽

Davut Celik ◽

Tahsin Yildirim

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Apical Extrusion ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

The Mean ◽

Mandibular Incisors

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on apical extrusion of irrigating solution.Methods: Twenty freshly extracted maxillary and mandibular incisors with single straight root canals were instrumented with ProTaper rotary files. During final irrigation, the root canals were filled with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and PUI was performed with a piezoelectronic unit. A stainless steel instrument (size 15) was inserted into the root canal and the irrigant was ultrasonically activated for one minute. This sequence was repeated three times, resultingin a total PUI time of three minutes. The volume of extruded irrigant was measured by Pipetman pipettes. The data were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The mean volume of apical extruded irrigant was 2.15 �L for the PUI group and 14 �L forthe control group. The experimentalgroup extruded significantly smaller amounts of irrigant than the control group (P<.05).Conclusions: The PUI procedure as a final irrigation was associated with less apical extrusion of the irrigating solution. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:198-203)

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Apically Extruded Debris Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Associated with Different Root Canal Irrigants

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902674 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 363-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo Arruda-Vasconcelos ◽

Marlos Barbosa-Ribeiro ◽

Lidiane Mendes Louzada ◽

Giovanna Dornelas Mantovani ◽

Brenda PFA Gomes

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Average Weight ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Root Canal Irrigants ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Chlorhexidine Gel ◽

Chlorhexidine Solution

Abstract The present study evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using four different root canal irrigants, namely, 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gel + saline solution (2% CHXg+SS), 2% chlorhexidine solution (2% CHXs) and SS alone. Sixty mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=15) according to the root canal irrigant used as follows: G1 (PUI + NaOCl), G2 (PUI + CHXg+SS), G3 (PUI+CHXs) and G4 (PUI+SS). Reciproc® R25 files (25/.08) were used during CMP and the debris extruded from each tooth were collected in pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes and dried. The average weight of debris was assessed by using an analytical microbalance. Data were statistically analysed by using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Debris extrusion was observed in all groups, irrespective of the root canal irrigating, with 2% CHXg + SS being associated with lower debris extrusion compared to other irrigants (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between 6% NaOCl, 2% CHXs and SS. In conclusion, passive ultrasonic irrigation did not completely prevent apically extrusion of debris. PUI performed with 2% chlorhexidine gel + saline solution significantly minimized debris extrusion compared to 6% sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine solution and saline solution.

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Evaluation of single root canals filled using the lateral compaction, tagger's hybrid, microseal and guttaflow techniques

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402010000500006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 411-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marina Angélica Marciano ◽

Clovis Monteiro Bramante ◽

Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽

Ronan Jacques Rezende Delgado ◽

Ronald Ordinola-Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Root Canal ◽

Digital Images ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Apical Level ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of voids, gutta-percha and root canal sealer using 4 different filling techniques. Fifty-two extracted maxillary lateral incisors were prepared using the crown-down pressureless technique. The teeth were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=13): Lateral compaction (LC), Tagger's hybrid (TH), MicroSeal (MS) and GuttaFlow (GF) techniques. Horizontal cross-sections were made at the 2, 10 and 15 mm levels from the apex. Digital images of the root canal areas were acquired using a stereomicroscope and examined using the Image Tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). In general, a significant decrease in the gutta-percha filled area and increase of sealer area were observed at the apical level for all the evaluated techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the presence of voids, no significant difference was found. MS and TH techniques showed a larger gutta-percha filled area than LC and GF techniques at the coronal and middle third level (p<0.05). From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the gutta-percha filled area of fillings decrease at the apical level, regardless of the filling technique used.

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Antibacterial action of red and green propolis extract in infected root canal

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/1980-6523.2017.2.28930 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Mônica Misaé Endo ◽

Cyntia R. A. Estrela ◽

Ana Helena G. Alencar ◽

Júlio Almeida Silva ◽

Daniel Almeida Decurcio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Action ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Conventional Irrigation

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the antibacterial action of 30% red propolis, 40% green propolis and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite with irrigation protocols in infected root canals.METHODS: During 60 days, twenty-four root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis. In all experimental groups were performed root canal preparation and two irrigation protocols - passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional irrigation. In the groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 it were made root canal preparation associated to conventional irrigation with 30% propolis, 40% propolis, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water, respectively. In groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 it was made root canal preparation associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation with the solutions described above. The groups 9 and 10 were the controls (negative and positive). Samples of the root canals were collected and immersed in 7 mL of BHI, for 48 hours, at 37ºC. Bacterial growth was analyzed by turbidity of the culture medium.RESULTS: Antibacterial action was observed of 30% red propolis and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite when used passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional irrigation after 20 minutes, but in 72 hours it was not effective.CONCLUSION: The irrigating agents and protocols were not effective to eliminate the microorganisms of the infected root canals. Clinical Significance: Propolis presents potential for clinical application due to its antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant and low toxicity properties.

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Microtomography Evaluation of The Efficacy of Reciprocating And Rotary Instruments Followed By Different Complementary Steps In The Retreatment of Curved Root Canals

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(2)-088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln de Campos Fruchi

Keyword(s):

Good Choice ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Niti Wire ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Apical Level ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of steps, isolated or in cumulative means, in the endodontic retreatment of curved canals. Methodology: Forty mesial roots of mandibular molars were divided into two groups. In the group 1 the filling removal was done with NiTi reciprocating M-wire and NiTi control memory wire rotary instruments followed by a passive ultrasonic irrigation solution agitation. In the group 2, the initial filling removal was done with NiTi reciprocating M-wire and conventional NiTi wire rotary instruments followed by a rotary plastic instrument for irrigation solution agitation. The results were analyzed through micro-computed tomography. Results: The filling material was not completely removed for both groups. All steps did not statically differ between groups regarding to the filling removal. In the intragroup analyses, the results differed in some levels, mainly in the apical level, but did not statistically differ in all the different levels after each step. A statistical significant increase (P<.05), for both groups, in the volume of filling material in the isthmus was observed. Conclusions: None of the protocols completely removed the filling material. The better results were found for the apical level and after passive ultrasonic irrigation. Vertical warm condensation filling technique enhanced the volume of filling material in the root canal system including the isthmus. Clinical relevance: the control memory NiTi instruments could be considered a good choice for use as an additional step in the procedure of filling removal from curved mesial root canals.

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Passive ultrasonic irrigation in calcium hydroxide removal from root canals: a sem/eds analysis

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v3e32015668-677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Fernanda Hoffmann Busanello ◽

Angela Longo Do Nascimento ◽

Lilian Tietz ◽

Mirela Sangoi Barreto ◽

Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Calcium Hydroxide Removal ◽

And Control ◽

Elementary Chemical

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four human premolars were used. After coronal access, a size #15 K-file was used to obtain apical patency. Root canal preparation was performed using WaveOne 40.08 instruments. CH paste was placed into the root canal. Specimens were stored in a humid environment, and after seven days, they were divided into five groups (n=12) according to the irrigation protocols: Manual– a size #40 K-file; PUI/1– 1 min; PUI/2– 2 min; PUI/3– 3 min; and Control– without CH paste. An elementary chemical microanalysis (SEM/EDS) was performed to quantify the presence of calcium on the dentinal walls. RESULTS: The percentage of calcium was higher in all experimental groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05); but no differences among them were found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of calcium hydroxide paste on the dentinal walls was not dependent on length of time of ultrasonic activation. SEM/EDS analysis seems to be a reliable method to assess CH paste removal from the root canals.

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Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 416-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marcos Rodolfo Bolfoni ◽

Marcelo dos Santos Ferla ◽

Otávio da Silva Sposito ◽

Luciano Giardino ◽

Rogério de Castilho Jacinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Period Data

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.

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A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different root canal irrigation regimens

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242006000300010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 235-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chaves Medici Mônika ◽

Izabel Cristina Fröner

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1% NaOCl mixed to 17% EDTAC; 2% chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.

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Comparative characteristics of microflora root dentine at the use of different variants of medicamentous treatment of root canals

Journal of New Medical Technologies eJournal ◽

10.12737/4791 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Беленова ◽

I. Belenova ◽

Красичкова ◽

Olga Krasichkova

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Root Canal ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Tooth Pulp ◽

Root Canals ◽

Antiseptic Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Abutment Teeth

Application of ultrasonic treatment combined with conventional methods of endodontic treatment contributes to reduce the cases of relapses and the time of treatment, and causes the highest economic effect. The proposed method allows to successfully treating chronic granulating periodontitis and to save the need for prosthetics abutment teeth. The purpose of this study is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of granulating periodontitis by optimizing antiseptic treatment of root canals by means of ultrasound. In a series of studies the material of the examination and treatment of patients in the therapeutic department «Lipetsk municipal dental polyclinic №2» was examined. The basis for receiving scientific data – contingent of 127 patients from 26 to 51 years with granulating form of chronic periodontitis, of these were 83 women and 44 men. Depending on the tactics of the treatment the patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group – 43 patients who were treated by the traditional method of treatment of periodontitis; the 2nd group – 84 persons were treated by means of ultrasound. Clinical examination of patients included visual diagnostics, sensing, thermometry, percussion, determination of conductivity of the tooth pulp, radiovisiographic and x-ray study. It is established, that after use of a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite the changes are observed not qualitative composition of the microflora, but quantitative. The methods of ultrasonic treatment of chronic granulating periodontitis are developed. The ultrasound effect on the microflora of each root channel is conducted during 30 seconds with the frequency of 30 kHz. The structure of the dentin of the root canal with the help of scanning electronic microscopy, before and after the influence of ultrasound is studied and described. After exposure to 3% of sodium hypochlorite, activated by ultrasound, on the wall of the root canal by granulating periodontitis the growth of microorganisms didn’t revealed in 94,8% of cases.

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