The relevance of topical drugs endaural use in otosurgical practice

Introduction. Preoperative, in particular, antiseptic, preparation of the external auditory canal (EAC) is an important issue for the otosurgeon to take in mind, especially with endaural approach.The aim of the study is to assess the skin microbiota of the EAC and the effectiveness of antiseptic treatment before endaural intervention.Materials and methods. A prospective study including 19 patients who underwent ear surgery by endaural approach: 10 stapedoplasty; 9 tympanoplasty. Ear swabs culture were taken from all the patients preoperatively and after removing the tamponade. Of the 10 patients with otosclerosis, 5 underwent skin preparation with 10% povidone iodine and a swab culture.Results. According to the microbiological examination results, Staphulacoccus Auricularis prevailed in the first smear - 52.6%. In 5 patients with otosclerosis, in comparison to the 1st swab: one case with absence of microorganisms growth, in the other 4 -decrease in the degree of contamination by half. In the 3rd swab, there was no growth in these patients and in the rest, who didn't undergo antiseptic preparation. Patients, without antiseptic preparation of the ear canal, after tympanoplasty (9 patients) in the second smear, had an increase of contamination (from 105 to 106 CFU/ml).Conclusions. Analysis of the microbiome before and after the operation revealed the growth of predominantly (94.7%) opportunistic microorganisms. Preoperative antiseptic preparation reduces the degree of contamination of the skin, which, in our opinion, prevents complications and improves the healing process.

Ungulomycosis of cattle: treatment and preventive measures

Of the total number of animal diseases, 70–80 % are non-communicable diseases, and more than 50 % are surgical diseases, which cause significant economic damage to the livestock industry due to reduced productivity and premature culling of livestock. Irrational, unbalanced in terms of macro- and microelements, vitamins, carbohydrates feeding leads to metabolic disorders. At the same time, deep destructive-degenerative changes in bones, joints, ligaments and tendons are registered, horn formation in the hooves is disturbed and a less stable horn is produced. Omission in feeding unsatisfactory housing conditions and inadequate care of animals. When such conditions are often supplemented, the outer cover of animals, in particular the hooves, is affected first of all. In the event of inflammatory and dystrophic processes at the base of the skin of the hooves there is a violation of tissue (tubular) and cellular structure. The horn of such hooves undergoes changes in the form of parakeratosis and deformation; this contributes to the spread and accumulation of fungal flora, which shows its pathogenic action mainly due to enzymatic activity and toxic products, which characterizes these microorganisms as a factor in the destructive processes of the hoof horn. With reduced mechanical stability and destroyed by microscopic fungi of hoof horn is more likely to develop aseptic or purulent pododermatitis. Here, the fungal flora is not only a contributing factor in the occurrence of diseases, but also as one of the factors complicating the course of the disease. That is why timely detection and effective treatment of ungulomycosis prevents the complication of the pathological process, which can even lead to culling of animals. The essence of treatment of superficial ungulomycosis is reduced to functional cleaning of hooves and their antiseptic treatment in the form of fungicidal powders, sprays, hoof baths. In deep ungulomycosis, and, moreover, in combination with purulent pododermatitis, treatment includes local anesthesia, orthopedic treatment, antiseptic treatment with isolation, pathogenetic therapy. Prevention of ungulomycosis is based on knowledge of the etiology of the disease and the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development. Its essence is to form in animals a strong hoof horn, prevent its destruction and eliminate favorable conditions for the reproduction of keratomycetes. This includes proper feeding, proper housing conditions and appropriate animal care.

Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate in Early Wound Healing of Human Gingival Tissues. A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biomolecular Analysis

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is considered the gold standard for oral cavity antiseptic treatment. Nevertheless, several in vitro studies have reported detrimental effects in oral tissue repair. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of post-surgical CHX mouth rinse on gingival tissue (G) 24 h after injury. G biopsies were obtained in three patients 24 h after surgery with the indication of post-surgical 0.12% CHX use and were compared with those obtained from the same patients without any antiseptic use. Changes in collagen production, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by histological and Ki-67/P53 immunohistochemical analysis. Fibrotic markers (COL1A1, αSMA), proapoptotic protein (BAX) expression, and wound healing-related gene modulation (RAC1, SERPINE1, TIMP1) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. CHX was able to reduce cellular proliferation and increase collagen deposition, proapoptotic molecule and fibrotic marker expression, and myofibroblast differentiation, reduce expression of RAC1 and trigger expression of SERPINE1 and TIMP1, showing “scar wound healing response” pattern. This study assessed for the first time the in vivo effects of CHX on gingival tissue. The demonstration of a CHX-induced fibrotic transformation, leading to scar repair, supports the need for new post-surgical clinical protocols based on a strategic and personalized use of CHX.

Canine-Origin Platelet-Rich Fibrin as an Effective Biomaterial for Wound Healing in Domestic Cats: A Preliminary Study

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a recent platelet-based biomaterial, poised as an innovative regenerative strategy for the treatment of wounds from different etiologies. PRF is defined as a biodegradable scaffold containing elevated amounts of platelets and leukocytes having the capability to release high concentrations of bioactive structural proteins and acting as a temporal release healing hemoderivative. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of canine-origin PRF, obtained from blood of screened donors, as a regenerative biomaterial suitable for the treatment of critical wounds in felines. Four short-hair felines with naturally occurring wounds were enrolled in this study. Three of the wounds were considered infected. Each PRF treatment was the result of the grafting of newly produced PRFs at the recipient area. The PRF treatment was initially performed two to three times per week, followed by single weekly treatments. The study was finalized when complete wound closure was achieved. No topical antimicrobial/antiseptic treatment was applied. The present research demonstrated that xenogenic PRFs significantly induced healthy vascularized granulation tissue in lesions with soft tissue deficit, also prompting the epithelization at the injured site. No rejection, necrosis, or infection signs were recorded. Additionally, PRF-therapy was revealed to be a biological cost-effective treatment, accelerating the wound healing process.

Study of antiseptic properties of drugs used for antiseptic treatment of root canals

The study determined the antiseptic activity of modern drugs in the form of liquids presented on the territory of the Russian Federation, drugs were used for long-term antiseptic treatment of the root canal system of teeth. The need to use these drugs is justified by the microbial insemination of the root channels and the presence of various branches at all levels of the root channel. Thus, the obtained results make it possible to state that the degree of antiseptic activity of the preparations depends on the exposure time. The study established the strong antiseptic effect of the drug Kresotin No. 2. As follows from the analysis of the above materials, the antiseptic activity of Pulpevit No. 2, Gwayafen forte, Camforfen showed minimal results with respect to the microflora of the experimental part of the study.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FURCATION AREA AND PROSPECTS OF ITS COMPLEX TREATMENT

Relevance. The issue of quality endodontic treatment of teeth with complicated caries is still known as requiring thoughtful research. A significant percentage of periodontitis occurs in the area of furcations of multi-rooted teeth, sometimes alone, but more often as combined with apical periodontitis. Among the number of unsolved tasks, there is question about furcation areas and in particularly their antiseptic treatment and obturation in the complex treatment of chronic apical periodontitis of multi-rooted teeth. Aim: to investigate the histo-morphological features of the furcation area of the first, second molars of the upper and lower jaws and, according to the results of the experimental study, to develop a scheme of complex treatment of chronic apical periodontitis of multi-rooted teeth. Materials and methods. Ten first and second molars of both jaws not affected by fluorosis and removed according to orthodontic or surgical indications in patients aged from 25 to 50 years, were used for this study. In the first stage, transverse and longitudinal sections of the molars were made using diamond-coated separation disks. Using an orthopaedic tip, the first half of the molars were cut longitudinally in the mesio-distal direction with separation disks, under water cooling. The other half of the molars were cut transversely along the neck of the tooth and histochemically stained. In the second stage of the study, we used the experimental application of photodynamic therapy for antiseptic treatment of furcation channels and sealing them with citrate buffer. For this purpose, the next two first and two second mandibular molars were selected, respectively dissected in two planes. Samples were fixed in a vertical position; cotton rolls soaked with 2% methylene blue were placed onto the bottom of each half for 30 s., 1 min., 5 min., and 24 h. In this study we used light binocular stereoscopic microscope MBS-9; histochemical dyes: CHIC-thionine, ammonia silver solution "Argentat", reducing agent (hydroquinone), methylene blue, device "UFL - 122" company "Lux Dent", citrate buffer solution and white clay. The results were recorded with a digital camera mounted on a microscope tube. Results and discussion. The results of histochemical examination of ten molars showed the presence of furcation channels in four teeth. Two samples were stained with CHIC-thionine, the others were stained with two-component "Argenate". The selected samples were dissected in the sagittal plane through the area of localization of the furcation channels and studied under the microscope (magnification: 8x32). In teeth dissected in the transverse plane, the crown and mouth pulp were instrumentally removed without dilation of the root canals and stained accordingly. Thus, when modelling the stage of photodynamic treatment using a 2% solution of methylene blue, there is a significant filling of furcation channels and root canals along their entire length. The photosensitizer 2% methylene blue at the exposure of 30s demonstrates the highest efficiency at the minimum staining of surrounding fabrics. The microscopy was performed to confirm the ability of the photosensitizer to penetrate into the furcation channels at х8 – х32 magnification. After the experimental filling of furcation channels and root canals, we can see clear white stripes along their entire length on the dentin surface of the longitudinal section of the root; these stripes are obliquely directed towards the canal surface and consist of numerous dentinal tubules impregnated with citrate buffer. Numerous thin white lines are clearly visible on the surface of the section that run in parallel, tangentially through almost the entire thickness of the root wall and end up their course in the area around the peripulpal dentin. This indicates the formation of calcium citrate in the root canal that tightly covers its entire surface impregnating the dentinal tubules and completely fills them along their entire length. Therefore, the experimental model of using 2% methylene blue photosensitizer at a 30 s. exposure for photodynamic therapy and citrate buffer for obturating furcation and root canals can be applied in the treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis and lesions of the furcation area. Conclusions. Thus, morphological studies of the first and second molars of both jaws have shown the presence of furcation channels, which anatomical structure is quite complex and demanding in terms of their antiseptic treatment and filling. Therefore, we developed new effective for disinfection and obturation techniques including applying photodynamic therapy for disinfection of furcation channels and citrate buffer for their obturation.

Results of clinical and additional examination methods in the treatment of localized periodontitis

Aim. The study aims at enhancing the therapeutic effect and reducing the duration of treatment by using a solution of titanium dioxide in ozonated distilled water for antiseptic treatment of periodontal tissues. Material and Methods. Treatment results of local inflammatory changes of periodontal tissues in 128 patients (73 female, 55 male aged 21-65 years) were analyzed and classified by the severity of periodontal disease as: gingivitis, primary and moderate periodontitis. Schemes of medical actions differed in pharmacotherapy. In order to ascertain the most effective approach, the results of conventional and developed treatment complexes were compared. Results and Discussion. Digital indicators of the periodontal tissues condition following treatment presented common positive dynamic in all patients. However, significantly better results were obtained by using the developed method. According to the dynamics of bleeding index values, the proposed treatment regimens allow achieving more effective control over the inflammatory process. Digital indicators of hygiene showed that a better effect was reached after the suggested method - the dynamics of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets demonstrated clearer and statistically better results. Changes in the pH of the gingival fluid in a severe inflammatory condition indicated a considerable improvement after using the suggested treating method. X-ray data demonstrated the stability of digital values in the observation groups before and after treatment, which was interpreted as a sufficient control of destructive processes. Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of the presented data demonstrates the benefits of the developed method for the treatment of periodontal diseases, especially in non-surgical treatment regimens. The performed research confirms greater effectiveness of the therapeutic method in initial lesions, and thus it proves the efficiency of complex control for preventive purposes

Wood Processing For Construction

The article presents the positive and negative properties of wood, the technology of wood preservation and antiseptic treatment, and also deals with the fire retardant composition "Pyrol".

LAPORAN KASUS : PENANGANAN OBSTRUKSI USUS PADA ANJING DI BALI VETERINARY CLINIC

A local breed dog was brought to the veterinary clinic with signs of vomiting and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed a pale mucosa of the eye and nose, 2 seconds of CRT, abdomen distention and stiffness. A haematology examination indicated WBC drop into 4.9, lymphocyte into 5.4, MCV to into 55.42 and Plate Distribusi Wide 8.1. The X-ray test showed the presence of an unknown mass around the intestine. Therefore, the dog was then diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. A laparotomy exploration with an enterotomy technique was performed to treat the condition. The surgery procedure found a mass of stone-like faeces that also consist of a mix of grass. The stone-like faeces were then removed from the intestine. Post-surgery monitoring was performed routinely and the dog received Cefotaxime Sodium (Claforan®) 22 mg/kg, Odansentron HCl (Zofran®) 0.2 mg/kg, Sucralfate (Carafate®) 0.8 gram, Lactulose (Cephulac®) 25 mL, Dexamethasone (Dexasone®) 1 mg/kg, Diphenhydramine HCl (Benadryl®) 3mg/kg, along with antiseptic treatment for the surgical incision. 3 days after the operation the dog began to show signs of recovery where the dog appeared to start moving and showed the desire to eat food. This condition can be prevented by not giving the dog food that bones. Lastly, the dog should be only released in a safe and knowledgeable environment.

Periodonal desiease – local antiseptic therapy: problem of efficiency. Literature review

The purpose of this review article is to analyze the current data on the use of antiseptics in the treatment of periodontitis, development of resistance of periodontopathogens to antiseptic agents using the example of chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and hexetidine. Periodontal pathogens are an integral part of the commensal microflora of the oral cavity, but under certain conditions and under the influence of etiological factors, their number begins to progressively grow, which increases the risk of initiation of periodontal diseases through the formation of aggressive biofilm on the teeth.Materials and methods. Тhe study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar in the course of a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about antiseptic agents which are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and hexetidine, as well as their effect on periodontopathogens and the possibility of developing resistance in them against these antiseptics.Results. 127 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 94.Conclusions. Аccording to the analyzed data, we have found that antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity and lesions in periodontitis is an integral part of the treatment of this inflammatory disease, as an addition to the mechanical treatment protocol. Chlorhexidine in local forms of delivery has shown particular activity against periodontopathogens.