scholarly journals Application of Grey-Based SWARA and COPRAS Techniques in Disease Mortality Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shazia Rehman ◽  
Nadia Rehman ◽  
Mehvish Naz ◽  
Ayesha Mumtaz ◽  
Zhang Jianglin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Overall Mortality

The health industry is amongst the most affected systems in terms of multiobjective decision-making, rendering the final solution, vulnerable to errors; however, multicriteria decision analysis (MDCA) emerges as a supportive tool for the process of decision-making. Therefore, the present study seeks to offer an MCDA framework for assessing and identifying the potential influence of socioeconomic risk factors on noncommunicable disease mortality. We adopted a subjective approach of grey-based Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and COmplex PRoportional Assessment (COPRAS) approach to calculate weights of parameters and criteria, respectively, and then rank them based on their degree of significance. The findings reveal that CRD mortality is potentially affected by the selected socioeconomic risk variables followed by IHD and cancer. Implementing MCDA techniques in the present study will assist the public health practitioners and policymakers in drawing decisions on the best strategy to reduce CRD mortality, which contributes significantly to raising overall mortality.

Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Structural Framework and the Role of Government

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Demetrios L. Kouzoukas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the relationship between obesity, law, and public health preparedness as well as the relevant roles of public health practitioners, policymakers, and lawyers. Each group believes they have a unique role in this relationship although there can be overlap and/or lack of clarity as to what that role may be.The role of the lawyer in the public policy process is to identify relevant legal issues, to analyze them and give advice on the risks of taking a given action, and to communicate legal advice in a clear manner. Simply put, the lawyer’s role is to dive deep into the law surrounding the topic at hand and to offer advice regarding the permissible limits of policymakers’ options and the associated risks.

scholarly journals Participatory systems mapping for localised evidence and decision-making: helminth control, SSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pearson ◽  
M Parker ◽  
E Storer ◽  
T Allen ◽  
C Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Local Implementation ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Participatory Systems ◽  
Systems Mapping ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Background Evidence-informed decision-making to assist public health practitioners in local-level programme implementation requires adaptive approaches to research, policy and practice. To address these needs there is focus on using participatory methods. Adopting such methods, this research asks: what are the evidence needs of local public health practitioners? How do evidence and decision-making processes interact? We reflect on the process of using Participatory Systems Mapping (PSM) and implications for localising evidence-informed decision-making. Methods We conducted workshops with district and national-level MoH personnel in Uganda and Malawi using PSM to elicit insights into local modes of schistosomiasis transmission and control, and group discussions on evidence needs and use in implementing control programmes. PSM maps are analysed, triangulated with thematic analysis of group discussion transcripts. Results Analysing PSM outputs alongside discussions on evidence provides critical methodological and policy insights with implications for localised evidence and decision-making. Further insights into the local dynamics of public health decision-making are gained by triangulating PSM with discussions on the meanings and importance of 'factors' identified. Information which is accessible and useful for local practitioner's decision-making in implementing disease control measures does not always align with academic production and dissemination of evidence, nor across levels where policy is produced or implemented. Conclusions An array of factors influence local decision-making with implications for global health policies and practices such as for schistosomiasis control. Processes of decision-making and evidence needs of local practitioners need to be better understood within broader context. Evidence and knowledge production on health interventions rarely feedback or respond to local implementation needs, decision-making practices and public health practitioners. Key messages Processes of decision-making and evidence needs of local practitioners need to be better understood within broader context. Evidence and knowledge production on health interventions rarely feedback or respond to local implementation needs, decision-making practices and public health practitioners.

scholarly journals Exploring the Development of Three Law-Based Competency Models for Public Health Practitioners

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montrece McNeill Ransom ◽  
Brianne Yassine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Competency Models ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

As public health promotion and protection become increasingly complex and integrated into various fields, public health law is emerging as an important tool for public health professionals. To ensure that public health professionals are adequately trained public health law, public health law-related competencies should to be integrated into educational and other programming. This article provides three competency models developed by the Public Health Law Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: (a) the public health emergency law competency model, (b) the public health law competency model, and (c) the legal epidemiology competency model. These competency models provide a foundation upon which public health law curricula can be developed for governmental, nongovernmental, and academic public health practitioners. Such standardization of public health law curricula will ameliorate not only the training, but also selection and evaluation of public health practitioners, as well as better align public health training with national public health efforts.

Communicating risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 550-559
Author(s):  
John Ford ◽  
Nick Steel ◽  
Charles Guest
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Communicating Risk

By reading this chapter, you will be able to use an understanding of risk perception to communicate about risk more effectively. The health of the public is at risk from a wide range of factors, including harmful food or medicines, poorly controlled infectious diseases, pollutants or natural environmental hazards, and poor diet. Public health practitioners are often involved in minimizing the harm from these risks, and this requires communicating directly to the public or influencing stakeholders.

scholarly journals On Knowingly Setting Unrealistic Goals in Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484
Author(s):  
Nir Eyal ◽  
Manne Sjöstrand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Better Than

What is the ethics of setting unrealistic goals in public health—declared goals of population health campaigns that, when introduced, are already known to be impossible to accomplish? Over the past 2 decades, major public health campaigns have set unrealistic goals, such as “eliminating” or reaching “zero” on diseases and risk factors that are clearly ineliminable. We argue that unrealistic goals can sometimes motivate action, attract funding, and help educate the public and public health practitioners better than realistic goals. Although unrealistic goal setting faces ethical challenges, including the charge of deceit and that of undermining the field’s credibility, we argue that these challenges can be met. The advantages of unrealistic goal setting while overcoming these challenges can be accomplished in 2 stages: (1) an initial declaration of the attractive but unrealistic goal educates and motivates; (2) realistic, precise, and actionable subgoals then expose its unrealistic nature and preempt ongoing deceit.

Limited Liability and the Public's Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Stephen P. Teret
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Corporations, through their products and behaviors, exert a strong effect on the wellbeing of populations. Public health practitioners and academics have long recognized the harms associated with some corporations’ products. For example, firearms are associated with approximately 30,000 deaths in the United States each year1 and over 200,000 deaths globally. Motor vehicles are associated with about 40,000 deaths in the United States each year and over 1.2 million deaths globally. Tobacco products kill about 438,000 people each year in the United States5 and about 4.9 million people worldwide. In addition to producing unsafe or harmful products, some corporations behave in ways that negatively impact the public’s health, such as marketing alcohol to youth and other vulnerable populations. Given these observations, one can conclude that it is possible to quantify the public health impact of individual industries, such as firearms, motor vehicles, tobacco, and alcohol. Health professionals can then target these individual industries to prevent or lessen the harms they cause.

scholarly journals Transforming Public Health Law: The Turning Point Model State Public Health Act

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Lawrence O. Gostin ◽  
Kristine Gebbie ◽  
Deborah L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Laws

Protecting the public's health has recently regained prominence in political and public discussions. Threats of bioterrorism following September 11, 2001 and the deliberate dissemination of anthrax later that fall, the reemergence of novel or resurgent infectious diseases, (such as the West Nile Virus, SARS, influenza, avian flu) and rapid increases in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and smoking (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, cancer) have all raised the profile of public health. The U.S. government has responded with increased funding, reorganization, and new policies for the population's health, safety, and security. Politicians and the public more clearly understand the importance of law in improving the public's health. Recognizing that many public health laws have not been meaningfully reformed in decades, law- and policy-makers and public health practitioners have focused on the legal foundations for public health. Laws provide the mission, functions, and powers of public health agencies, set standards for their (and their partners’) actions, and safeguard individual rights.

Applying precaution to environmental health issues at the local level: A proposed guide based on the research and experiences of Toronto Public Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Vanderlinden ◽  
Donald C. Cole ◽  
Monica Hau ◽  
Monica Campbell ◽  
Ronald Macfarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

While the Precautionary Principle (PP) is an important policy innovation relevant to public health, practitioners do not agree on how or when it should be applied. Action on environmental health issues at Toronto Public Health (TPH) has clearly been informed by the PP. We have recently developed a guide to applying precaution that can be used to assist local public health practitioners in decision making to address environmental health hazards in the community. We applied the Guide retrospectively to TPH case examples involving education, program, policy, legislative, and advocacy interventions to manage exposures to environmental hazards. This exercise served to refine the Guide and increase our understanding of how and when TPH has applied precaution in the past. Our Guide promises to be a useful decision making support tool that will help users (1) assess what degree of precaution is appropriate for a given context; (2) systematically document evidence about harms and exposures (including uncertainties) while making the assumptions about evidence more explicit and transparent; (3) highlight potential trade-offs (including consideration of both risks and benefits), explore alternatives, and assess feasibility of interventions; (4) plan adequate communication and stakeholder engagement; and (5) institute monitoring and evaluation so as to ensure interventions still meet users’ needs. We see the Guide as a tool that deepens the process of learning and enquiry on issue management in environmental health practice. We urge others to share their applications of the PP using our Guide to promote mutual learning.

A Framework for Training Public Health Practitioners in Crisis Decision-Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Kayman ◽  
Tea Logar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
And Training

AbstractThree sets of issues tend to be overlooked in public health emergency preparedness and response, which can be addressed with new training protocols. The first issue is procedural and concerns the often intuitive (as opposed to deliberative) nature of effective crisis decision-making. The second issue is substantive and pertains to the incorporation and prioritization of ethical, political, and logistical concerns in public health emergency guidelines. The third issue is affective and concerns human feelings and human frailty, which can derail the most well designed and best practiced procedural and substantive approaches to emergency response. This article offers an outline for a decision-making framework for public health emergencies that addresses and incorporates these issues within relevant guidelines and training. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:165–173)

scholarly journals A new tool to assess community-level evidence to inform public health decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Clark ◽  
S Snelling ◽  
J Beyers ◽  
C Howarth ◽  
S Neil-Sztramko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Background As public health responds to evolving challenges around the globe, it is critical to draw on community-level evidence to inform decisions on emerging needs. There are existing tools for assessing the quality of research evidence, but none that explicitly focus on quality assessment of evidence from community sources, including local health status and ever-changing community and political preferences and actions. Methods The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) in Canada has developed new tools, called Quality Assessment of Community Evidence (QACE), to help public health decision makers assess the quality of community evidence. The QACE tools were drafted through extensive review of existing frameworks, tools and measures for appraising population health and community evidence, and diverse key informants. We identified three consistent themes that became the core dimensions in these tools. By using the QACE tools, practitioners can answer the question: “Is the quality of this evidence about local context, community needs and political preferences good enough to influence decision making?” Results The QACE tools provide probing questions for each of three dimensions: relevant, trustworthy and equity-informed. Supplementary resources help users delve more deeply into different aspects of quality assessment. The QACE tools are intended for public health practitioners who provide and use evidence to support or make decisions about public health practice and policy, including public health practitioners, senior leaders, policy makers and funders. Conclusions The QACE tool is a new addition to the public health toolbox for evidence-informed decision making, providing questions to ask about evidence from community sources. By using the tool as part of a decision-making process, public health practitioners can be assured that their decisions are based on the best-available evidence for their communities. Key messages The new Quality Assessment of Community Evidence (QACE) tools fill the gap in assessing quality of community-level evidence for public health decision-makers. Community evidence, including local health status and needs and community and political preferences and actions, should be assessed for quality in three critical domains.

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