Production of Nanocellulose Crystal Derived from Enset Fiber Using Acid Hydrolysis Coupled with Ultrasonication, Isolation, Statistical Modeling, Optimization, and Characterizations

Currently, many scholars are looking for renewable biomass sources for the isolation of nanomaterials that have a sustainable property and are ecofriendly. Thus, effectively synthesize and characterization enset fiber nanocellulose using acid hydrolysis with sonication is focus of study. Additionally, process optimization for isolation of nanocellulose (CNCs) from raw enset fiber using RSM-CCD and characterizations of obtained CNCs was explored. The quadratic model was selected, and optimized values for CNCs yield (77.69%) that were acquired to be H2SO4: 51.6 wt. %, reaction temperature: 47°C, and time: 66.5 min. Chemical composition analysis, XRD, FTIR, PSA, SEM, and TGA were used for characterizing CNCs. The particle size distribution of CNCs is 66 nm. It has a crystalline index of 80.91% and excellent thermal stability. FTIR and chemical composition result indicated the reduction and removal of lignin and hemicellulose components that are usually available in the raw enset fibers. The SEM analysis reveals the structure and arrangement of the fiber bundles inside the raw material to nanocellulose. This property shows its endowing as a possibly consistent load-bearing material. This study could be given a noteworthy thought for designing and emerging CNC isolation, optimization, and industrial application.

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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil from Vietnamese Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6110206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 206 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Thien Tran ◽

Huynh Nguyen ◽

Duy Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nguyen ◽

Huynh Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Response Surface ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Common Source ◽

Microwave Assisted

Basil plant is a common source for linalool and estragole. However, it has been showed that the chemical composition of basil varies considerably depending on many factors including method of extraction, cultivar of the plant or geographical location. In this study, we attempted to extract essential oil from Vietnamese basil and analyze the chemical composition of the obtained oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction method of choice was microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and the process was optimized with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with regard to four experimental parameters including raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results showed that ground basil leaves, when extracted with optimal conditions of water-to-material ratio of 3.2:1, extraction time of 97 (min) and microwave power of 430 (W), gave the actual essential oil yield of 0.6%. Regarding ANOVA results of the quadratic model, high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9077), significant F-value of 10.92 and the p-value of less than 0.05 indicate that this model is significant between experimental and predicted variables, and should be fixed. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed that major components of Vietnamese Basil were Estragole (87.869%), α-Bergamotene (2.922%), τ-Cadinol (2.770%), and Linalool (1.347%).

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Evaluation of Typical Wood Species as the Raw Material for Solid Biofuel Production by Chemical Composition Analysis

Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry ◽

10.7584/jktappi.2016.12.48.6.62 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Sim-Hee Han ◽

Woo-Yong Song ◽

Soo-Jeong Shin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wood Species ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

Chemical Composition Analysis

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Characterization of Microstructure and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.571 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 312-315 ◽

pp. 571-576

Author(s):

Grzegorz Moskal ◽

Aleksander Iwaniak ◽

Bartosz Witala

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Bond Coat ◽

Thermal Spraying ◽

Ceramic Coatings ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Az91 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Substrate Quality ◽

Spraying Process

The paper presents the microstructure test results of carbide layers with bond coat obtained on the magnesium alloy with WC/Co – NiCr – AZ91D type thermal spraying method. Layers were sprayed with the APS method on the sandblasted surfaces of approx. 5 mm thick elements manufactured with high pressure die casting (HPDC). The standard process parameters were used for the powders sprayed. The scope of the tests included characteristics of the AZ91D alloy top surface after HPDC process and after sandblasting. The stereometric analysis of surface was performed by using the laser profilometer. The top surface geometric parameters were determined and presented in the form of numbers and topographic maps. Both surfaces were subject to SEM analysis by using the Hitachi S3400N microscope and chemical composition analysis in micro areas (EDX analysis by using the Noran System Six software) to determine presence of impurities and other type of artefacts on the alloy surface before plasma spraying. The alloy surfaces were also subject to detailed tests after spraying process (on lateral micro-sections) to determine the influence of the spraying process on the substrate quality and consequently layer adhesion. Phase composition assessment of the NiCr 80/20 type bond coat and carbide layers WC/10Co and WC/8Co was also performed. Further tests referred to top surface morphology of both carbide layers and chemical composition assessment in micro areas.

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Production, Characterization, and Sensory Profiling of Novel Pepper Distilled Spirit

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2021/9979115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yap Chin Ann ◽

Foo See Wei ◽

Gilbert Yeo ◽

Teow Wei Ping ◽

Lawrence Tuah

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Production Process ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Fermentation Medium ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Organoleptic Quality

This study described the production method of novel whiskey using black pepper berries as raw material including the determination of chemical composition and sensory profile of this distillate. The production process consisted of production of fermentation medium via hydrothermal treatment, followed by fermentation and distillation. The incorporation of hydrothermal extraction process makes this whiskey production process differ from the existing commercial spirit production protocol. Chemical composition analysis showed that there were 12 main volatile compounds that contribute to the aroma profile of this pepper whiskey which consisted of 1 aldehyde group, 3 ester groups, 2 phenolic compounds, and 6 alcohol groups. All of these compounds are presented at different concentrations that are able to give pleasant and signature aroma to this spirit. A 10-member descriptive analysis panel conducted showed that 7 descriptors can be used to define the organoleptic quality of this whiskey, namely, clarity and brilliance (visual), fruity and flora (aroma), spiciness and sweetness (taste), and fruity mouthfeels. In conclusion, pepper berries can be used as raw material for pepper whiskey production and having organoleptic quality acceptable for human consumption.

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PEAS AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING OF - NONCONVENTIONAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. In the frame of the XXIII Agribusiness Forum of the South of Russia and the Exhibition «Interagromash» Volume 1 ◽

10.23947/interagro.2020.1.407-409 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D.Y. Bolgova ◽

◽

N.A. Tarasenko ◽

Z.S. Mukhametova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Production ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Material Resources ◽

The Rich

Nutrition is an important factor that affects human health. The use of plant proteins as various additives in food production has now been actively developed. The rich chemical composition of pea grains determines the possibility of application in the food industry. Peas are characterized by good assimilability and degree of digestion.

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Fractionation and characterization of lignin from waste rice straw: Biomass surface chemical composition analysis

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 795-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shubhangi De ◽

Shubham Mishra ◽

Elangovan Poonguzhali ◽

Mathur Rajesh ◽

Krishnamurthi Tamilarasan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

Surface Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Composition Analysis

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Tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia: three industrial crops for energy and hemicelluloses production

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01930-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Palma ◽

Javier Mauricio Loaiza ◽

Manuel J. Díaz ◽

Juan Carlos García ◽

Inmaculada Giráldez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Energy Production ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Of Combustion ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Chamaecytisus Proliferus

Abstract Background Burning fast-growing trees for energy production can be an effective alternative to coal combustion. Thus, lignocellulosic material, which can be used to obtain chemicals with a high added value, is highly abundant, easily renewed and usually inexpensive. In this work, hemicellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis of plant biomass from three different crops (Chamaecytisus proliferus, Leucaena diversifolia and Paulownia trihybrid) was modelled and the resulting solid residues were used for energy production. Results The influence of the nature of the lignocellulosic raw material and the operating conditions used to extract the hemicellulose fraction on the heat capacity and activation energy of the subsequent combustion process was examined. The heat power and the activation energy of the combustion process were found to depend markedly on the hemicellulose content of the raw material. Thus, a low content in hemicelluloses resulted in a lower increased energy yield after acid hydrolysis stage. The process was also influenced by the operating conditions of the acid hydrolysis treatment, which increased the gross calorific value (GCV) of the solid residue by 0.6–9.7% relative to the starting material. In addition, the activation energy of combustion of the acid hydrolysis residues from Chamaecytisus proliferus (Tagasaste) and Paulownia trihybrid (Paulownia) was considerably lower than that for the starting materials, the difference increasing with increasing degree of conversion as well as with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis. The activation energy of combustion of the solid residues from acid hydrolysis of tagasaste and paulownia decreased markedly with increasing degree of conversion, and also with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis treatment. No similar trend was observed in Leucaena diversifolia (Leucaena) owing to its low content in hemicelluloses. Conclusions Acid hydrolysis of tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia provided a valorizable liquor containing a large amount of hemicelluloses and a solid residue with an increased heat power amenable to efficient valorization by combustion. There are many potential applications of the hemicelluloses-rich and lignin-rich fraction, for example as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing, for energy and other value-added chemicals.

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Clinoptilolite as a natural, active zeolite catalyst for the chemical transformations of geraniol

Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis ◽

10.1007/s11144-021-02027-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Fajdek-Bieda ◽

Agnieszka Wróblewska ◽

Piotr Miądlicki ◽

Jadwiga Tołpa ◽

Beata Michalkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Catalyst Content ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Instrumental Methods

AbstractThis work presented the studies with the natural zeolite—clinoptilolite as the catalyst for the isomerization of geraniol. During the research, it turned out that the studied process is much more complicated, and not only isomerization takes place in it, but also dehydration, oxidation, dimerization, cyclization and fragmentation of the carbon chain. Geraniol is an organic raw material which can be obtained not only by a chemical synthesis but also from plants (renewable biomass) by distillation or extraction method, for example a source of geraniol can be a plant—geranium. Before catalytic tests clinoptilolite was characterized by the instrumental methods, such as: XRD, porosity studies—nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, SEM, EDXRF, and FT-IR. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the main products of geraniol isomerization process were 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol. The selectivity of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol depended on the temperature, catalyst content and reaction time. These parameters were changed in the following ranges: 80–150 °C (temperature), 5–15 wt% (catalyst content) and 15–1440 min. (reaction time). The most favorable conditions for 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol obtaining were: temperature 140 ºC, catalyst content 12.5 wt% and reaction time 180 min. At these conditions, the conversion of geraniol amounted to 98 mol%, and the selectivities of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol amounted to 14 and 47 mol%, respectively.

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Renewable Biomass Utilization: A Way Forward to Establish Sustainable Chemical and Processing Industries

Clean Technologies ◽

10.3390/cleantechnol3010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 243-259

Author(s):

Yadhu N. Guragain ◽

Praveen V. Vadlani

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Process Intensification ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Biomass Feedstocks ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Sustainability Criteria ◽

Biomass Component ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Multiple Challenges

Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks are promising alternatives to fossil fuels for meeting raw material needs of processing industries and helping transit from a linear to a circular economy and thereby meet the global sustainability criteria. The sugar platform route in the biochemical conversion process is one of the promising and extensively studied methods, which consists of four major conversion steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and product purification. Each of these conversion steps has multiple challenges. Among them, the challenges associated with the pretreatment are the most significant for the overall process because this is the most expensive step in the sugar platform route and it significantly affects the efficiency of all subsequent steps on the sustainable valorization of each biomass component. However, the development of a universal pretreatment method to cater to all types of feedstock is nearly impossible due to the substantial variations in compositions and structures of biopolymers among these feedstocks. In this review, we have discussed some promising pretreatment methods, their processing and chemicals requirements, and the effect of biomass composition on deconstruction efficiencies. In addition, the global biomass resources availability and process intensification ideas for the lignocellulosic-based chemical industry have been discussed from a circularity and sustainability standpoint.

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