scholarly journals The Combination of Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Analysis of Milk Products Adulteration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anjar Windarsih ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Irnawati ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
High Price ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopies

Milk products obtained from cow, goat, buffalo, sheep, and camel as well as fermented forms such as cheese, yogurt, kefir, and butter are in a category of the most nutritious foods due to their high contents of high protein contributing to total daily energy intake. For certain reasons, high price milk products may be adulterated with low-quality ones or with foreign substances such as melamine and formalin which are added into them; therefore, a comprehensive review on analytical methods capable of detecting milk adulteration is needed. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the use of vibrational spectroscopies (near infrared, mid infrared, and Raman) combined with multivariate analysis for authentication of milk products. Articles, conference reports, and abstracts from several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used in this review. By selecting the correct conditions (spectral treatment, normal versus derivative spectra at wavenumbers region, and chemometrics techniques), vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and powerful analytical technique for detection of milk adulteration. This review can give comprehensive information for selecting vibrational spectroscopic methods combined with chemometrics techniques for screening the adulteration practice of milk products.

scholarly journals Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy for Analysis of Connective Tissues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
William Querido ◽  
Shital Kandel ◽  
Nancy Pleshko
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Composition And Structure

Advances in vibrational spectroscopy have propelled new insights into the molecular composition and structure of biological tissues. In this review, we discuss common modalities and techniques of vibrational spectroscopy, and present key examples to illustrate how they have been applied to enrich the assessment of connective tissues. In particular, we focus on applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy to assess cartilage and bone properties. We present strengths and limitations of each approach and discuss how the combination of spectrometers with microscopes (hyperspectral imaging) and fiber optic probes have greatly advanced their biomedical applications. We show how these modalities may be used to evaluate virtually any type of sample (ex vivo, in situ or in vivo) and how “spectral fingerprints” can be interpreted to quantify outcomes related to tissue composition and quality. We highlight the unparalleled advantage of vibrational spectroscopy as a label-free and often nondestructive approach to assess properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with normal, developing, aging, pathological and treated tissues. We believe this review will assist readers not only in better understanding applications of FTIR, NIR and Raman spectroscopy, but also in implementing these approaches for their own research projects.

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering and Near-Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy of Water Confined in Aerosol-OT Reverse Micelles

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 2794-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Balakrishnan ◽  
Nadeem Javid ◽  
Hermann Weingärtner ◽  
Roland Winter
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aerosol Ot ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Kinematic variables of table vault on artistic gymnastics

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Sarah Maria Boldrini FERNANDES ◽  
Paulo CARRARA ◽  
Júlio Cerca SERRÃO ◽  
Alberto Carlos AMADIO ◽  
Luis MOCHIZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Real ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Applicable Knowledge ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The table vault is an event of male and female Artistics Gymnastics. Although it can be performed in a variety of rotations and body positions in different phases, it can be separated in three groups: handspring, Yurchenko and Tsukahara. It is believed that kinematic variables of vault may vary according to group of vault or gymnast body position, but few studies compares the real differences among the three groups of vaults, comparing and describing the variables in different phases. Vault kinematic variables could be diversifying according to the approach or position of the vaulting, but little has been studied about the biomechanical differences, comparing and describing behaviours at different stages. The aim of this study was to organize critical, objective and to systematize the most relevant kinematic variables to performance on vaulting. A Meta analysis over the basis Pubmed, Sport Discus and Web of Science were performed about this issue. From the selected references, we described and analyzed the kinematics of the table vault. Vault can be characterized in seven phases of analysis. Most of the studies are descriptive, and some do not descript all phases. Differences among vault variables according to group vaults, technical level and gender were analysed only in recent studies. There still gaps of knowledge about kinematic variables of table vault, in order to provide comprehensive information about all possibilities of vaults in this gymnastic event. It is concluded that kinematic variables of table vault depends upon vault group and may be considered to the improvement of technical performance. More researches are needed to approach the coaching interface with biomechanics applicable knowledge.

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential method for routine sediment analysis to improve rapidity and efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Malley
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Sediment Analysis

The potential for improvement in the rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of sediment analysis by the application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is recognized. The rapid (<2 min), non-chemical, non-destructive analytical technique of near-infrared (700–2500 nm) spectroscopy combines applied spectroscopy and complex statistics. It has been used for the experimental analysis of various constituents and functions of soils since the 1960s, and applications for the analysis of sediments are currently being explored. For application of NIRS, sediment samples require little preparation, other than drying, and the samples are not subject to the manipulations of conventional analytical techniques. The spectral information recorded in a 2 min scan can be used to predict numerous constituents and parameters on the samples once appropriate calibration equations have been prepared from sets of samples analyzed by both NIRS and conventional analytical techniques. Constituents and properties of soil and/or sediment analyzed by NIRS technology include moisture, organic matter content, organic C, CO3=, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, clay content, humic acids, lignin, cellulose, metal oxides, heavy metals, aggregate size, and inferred past pH of lakes. Several areas are identified where further research is needed to prepare for the application of NIRS to the routine analysis of sediments.

Determination of Particle Size in Powders by Scatter Correction in Diffuse Near-Infrared Reflectance

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ilari ◽  
H. Martens ◽  
T. Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Reflectance Data

Diffuse near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy has traditionally been an analytical technique for determining chemical compositions in a sample. We will, in this paper, focus on light scattering effects and their ability to determine the mean particle sizes of powders. The reflectance data of NaCl, broken glass, and sorbitol powders are linearized and submitted to the Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and the ensuing parameters are used in subsequent multivariate calibrations. The results indicate that particle size can, to a large degree, be determined from NIR reflectance data for a given type of powder. Up to 99% of the partical size variance was explained by the regression.

Nahinfrarot-Sentinel-Diagnostik bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen: eine systematische Übersicht

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Sievert ◽  
Konstantinos Mantsopoulos ◽  
Heinrich Iro ◽  
Michael Koch
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Sentinel Node ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Systematische Übersicht ◽  
Klinische Anwendung ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Neue Technik ◽  
Sentinel Lymphknoten

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Nahinfrarot-Fluoreszenzbildgebung (NIR) ist eine neue Technik zur intraoperativen Identifizierung von Sentinel-Lymphknoten (SLN). Sie hat in mehreren chirurgischen Fachgebieten vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage der NIR-SLN-Diagnostik des Kopf-Hals-Malignoms. Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed, MEDLINE, Thompson Reuters Web of Science und SPIE nach den Suchbegriffen: sentinel node, sentinel node biopsy, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, near-infrared imaging, indocyanine green, icg. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten nach festgelegten Kriterien. Ergebnisse Es wurden Arbeiten in Bezug auf die klinische Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung, die Identifikationsrate und die Falsch-Negativ-Rate analysiert. Die Identifikationsrate des SLN liegt bei 97–100 %, mit durchschnittlich 1,2–3,4 Fluoreszenz positiven Lymphknoten pro Untersuchung. Die Rate falsch-negativer Befunde variiert insgesamt zwischen 0 und 20 %. Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten Ergebnisse verspricht die NIR-Bildgebung ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik des SLN bei Karzinomen im Bereich der Mundhöhle und des Pharynx zu verbessern. Vorteilhaft ist die einfache und schnelle Durchführung mit guter räumlicher Auflösung ohne Strahlenexposition.

scholarly journals Distinct Difference in Sensitivity of NIR vs. IR Bands of Melamine to Inter-Molecular Interactions with Impact on Analytical Spectroscopy Explained by Anharmonic Quantum Mechanical Study

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Grabska ◽  
Krzysztof B. Beć ◽  
Christian G. Kirchler ◽  
Yukihiro Ozaki ◽  
Christian W. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Calculations ◽  
Spectral Simulation ◽  
Analytical Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
Out Of Plane

Melamine (IUPAC: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine) attracts high attention in analytical vibrational spectroscopy due to its misuse as a food adulterant. Vibrational spectroscopy [infrared (IR) and Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy] is a major quality control tool in the detection and quantification of melamine content. The physical background for the measured spectra is not interpreted in analytical spectroscopy using chemometrics. In contrast, quantum mechanical calculations are capable of providing deep and independent insights therein. So far, the NIR region of crystalline melamine has not been studied by quantum mechanical calculations, while the investigations of its IR spectra have remained limited. In the present work, we employed fully anharmonic calculation of the NIR spectrum of melamine based on finite models, and also performed IR spectral simulation by using an infinite crystal model—periodic in three dimensions. This yielded detailed and unambiguous NIR band assignments and revised the previously known IR band assignments. We found that the out-of-plane fundamental transitions, which are essential in the IR region, are markedly more sensitive to out-of-plane inter-molecular interactions of melamine than NIR transitions. Proper description of the chemical surrounding of the molecule of melamine is more important than the anharmonicity of its vibrations. In contrast, the NIR bands mostly arise from in-plane vibrations, and remain surprisingly insensitive to the chemical environment. These findings explain previous observations that were reported in IR and NIR analytical studies of melamine.

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