scholarly journals Observation on the Efficacy of Shouhui Tongbian Capsule in the Treatment of Functional Constipation and Study on Its Regulatory Effect on Intestinal Flora

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongxi Zhang ◽  
Bao Han ◽  
Zhiyun Zhang ◽  
Zhenguo Tian ◽  
Yongduo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Functional constipation is relatively common in both adults and children, exhibiting similar symptoms. However, there are significant differences in the epidemiology, symptomatology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment management of functional constipation by age. The treatment of functional constipation is generally based on lifestyle interventions, pelvic floor interventions, and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacological treatment is popular as the most direct and effective modality, especially the herbal preparations (e.g., Shouhui Tongbian capsule), which are popular for their lower toxic side effects and less physiological reactions. In our clinical study, patients with functional constipation who took Shouhui Tongbian capsules for a longer period of time showed significantly better improvement than those who took them for a shorter period of time ( P < 0.001 ). Relative to the duration of the disease, the improvement effect was higher in patients with short duration of the disease than in patients with long duration of the disease ( P < 0.001 ). What’s more, Shouhui Tongbian capsule had a regulating effect on intestinal flora, and the regulating effect was stronger in patients with a shorter disease duration.

scholarly journals Potential role of fecal microbiota in patients with constipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482096842
Author(s):  
Yan Tian ◽  
Luo Zuo ◽  
Qin Guo ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhangyong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Background We evaluated the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for chronic functional constipation (CFC) ineffectively treated by conventional constipation medication. Methods Thirty-four patients with CFC underwent FMT treatment (three rounds, via gastroscopy). Clinical scales, including the Wexner constipation score as the main index of efficiency, were completed at baseline; after each treatment, and at 2 and 3 months of follow up. Secondary evaluation indices included the self-assessment of constipation symptoms, patient assessment constipation quality-of-life questionnaire, Bristol stool form scale, and Zung’s self-rating depression and anxiety scales. Gastrointestinal motility, motilin, gastrin, nitric oxide (NO), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were assessed before and after treatment. Intestinal flora changes were assessed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Results There were no serious adverse reactions. The clinical cure rate was 73.5% (25/34), clinical remission rate was 14.7% (5/34), and the inefficiency rate was 11.8% (4/34). Clinical scale data indicated that the FMT treatment was effective. Furthermore, FMT treatment promoted intestinal peristalsis, increased gastrointestinal motility, and increased serum NO and 5-HT levels. The 16S rRNA sequencing data indicated that high abundances of Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Megamonas, Erysipelotrichaceae and Epulopiscium may be the cause of constipation, and high abundances of Prevotella, Acidaminococcus and Butyricimonas may be the main factors in curing constipation. Conclusion Treatment with FMT regulates the intestinal microflora and changes the abundance of CFC-associated bacterial flora to improve constipation.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Stimulant and Nonstimulant Laxatives for the Treatment of Functional constipation

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Paré ◽  
Richard N Fedorak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Laxative Use ◽  
Stimulant Laxative ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
One Year ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Based Medicine

BACKGROUND: Constipation is an uncomfortable and common condition that affects many, irrespective of age. Since 1500 BC and before, health care practitioners have provided treatments and prevention strategies to patients for chronic constipation despite the significant variation in both medical and personal perceptions of the condition.OBJECTIVE: To review relevant research evidence from clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of commercially available pharmacological laxatives in Canada, with emphasis on studies adopting the Rome criteria for defining functional constipation.SEARCH METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases were searched for blinded or randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives for the treatment of functional constipation.RESULTS: A total of 19 clinical studies and four meta-analyses were retrieved and abstracted regarding study design, participants, interventions and outcomes. The majority of studies focused on polyethylene glycol compared with placebo. Both nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives provided better relief of constipation symptoms than placebo according to both objective and subjective measures. Only one study compared the efficacy of a nonstimulant versus a stimulant laxative, while only two reported changes in quality of life. All studies reported minor side effects due to laxative use, regardless of treatment duration, which ranged from one week to one year. Laxatives were well tolerated by both adults and children.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA INFECTION WITH OR WITHOUT DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeno Bisoffi ◽  
Federico Gobbi ◽  
Dora Buonfrate ◽  
Jef Van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Fever Management ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Very High

The revised W.H.O. guidelines for malaria management in endemic countries recommend that treatment should be reserved to laboratory confirmed cases, both for adults and children. Currently the most widely used tools are rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), that are accurate and reliable in diagnosing malaria infection. However, an infection is not necessarily a clinical malaria, and RDTs may give positive results in febrile patients who have another cause of fever. Excessive reliance on RDTs may cause overlooking potentially severe non malarial febrile illnesses (NMFI) in these cases. In countries or areas where transmission intensity remains very high, fever management in children (especially in the rainy season) should probably remain presumptive, as a test-based management may not be safe, nor cost effective. In contrast, in countries with low transmission, including those targeted for malaria elimination, RDTs are a key resource to limit unnecessary antimalarial prescription and to identify pockets of infected individuals. Research should focus on very sensitive tools for infection on one side, and on improved tools for clinical management on the other, including biomarkers of clinical malaria and/or of alternative causes of fever.

scholarly journals Estimation of functional state in patients with hypertension with various disease duration

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
A. Bursikov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The object: to estimate functional condition of men with arterial hypertension of various disease length using veloergometry. Materials and methods. 86 men with arterial hypertension of 1 degree of various duration were examined: 60 men with the disease length 1,5 ± 0,2 year and 26 men with the disease length 8,0 ± 1,6 year, and 25 apparently healthy men were included. The standardized veloergometry was performed in all subjects using step-by-step increasing technique till either submaximal heart rate or limiting criteria were achieved. Results. Patients with long duration of arterial hypertension show reduced physical exertion tolerance, greater increase of systolic arterial pressure at small, average and high exertion power as compared to patients with short anamnesis of hypertension. They also have greater oxygen consumption by myocardium and its greater increment at average exertion power if compared to the rest level. The veloergometry test was discontinued due to the top level of systolic blood pressure, which occurred more often in this group.

scholarly journals LCN2 as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis Related to Disease Duration

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fushun Kou ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Jiajing Liu ◽  
Yuyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Colorectal Mucosa ◽  
Long Duration

BackgroundPatients with long-duration ulcerative colitis (UC) had a higher risk of developing ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis (UCAC) when compared to those with short-duration UC. This study aimed to discover the biomarker for cancer surveillance related to disease duration.MethodsThe microarrays were divided into short-duration (&lt;10 years) UC, long-duration (≥10 years) UC, UCAC, and normal groups in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of GEO and the hub genes of the selected weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were intersected to obtain the overlapping genes. Among these genes, the key gene was identified by using the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the cytoHubba of Cytoscape, and the expression levels. Also, immunofluorescence of human colonic mucosa and animal experiment were used to validate the expression trend of the key gene in the progress of UC developing into UCAC.ResultsLipocalin-2 (LCN2) was more relevant with disease duration of UC and significantly negatively correlated with the risk of UCAC. The expression level of LCN2 in short-duration UC was higher than that of long-duration UC (P &lt; 0.01), long-duration UC was higher than that of UCAC (P = 0.001), and UC and UCAC were all higher than that of the normal (P &lt; 0.001). We then discovered that the expression trend of LCN2 in blood and stool samples was consistent with that in colorectal mucosa.ConclusionThe research indicates that LCN2 could be a novel biomarker to evaluate cancer surveillance related to disease duration of developing UC into UCAC. Compared with that of blood samples, stool detection of LCN2 may have more advantages for diagnosis value of early stage of UCAC as a complement to colonoscopy surveillance.

scholarly journals Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen and RNA concentrations in nasopharyngeal samples from children and adults using an ultrasensitive and quantitative antigen assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nira R. Pollock ◽  
Timothy J. Savage ◽  
Hanna Wardell ◽  
Rose A. Lee ◽  
Anu Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Antigen Assay ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR offers high sensitivity, but the utility of detecting samples with high cycle threshold (Ct) values remains controversial. Currently available rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigens (Ag) have sensitivity well below PCR. The correlation of Ag and RNA quantities in clinical nasopharyngeal (NP) samples is unknown. Methods: An ultrasensitive, quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (the MSD® S-PLEX® CoV-2 N assay) was used to measure Ag in clinical NP samples from adults and children previously tested by PCR. Results: The S-PLEX Ag assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 pg/mL and a cutoff of 0.32 pg/mL. Ag concentrations measured in clinical NP samples (collected in 3.0 mL media) ranged from less than 160 fg/mL to 2.7 ug/mL. Log-transformed Ag concentrations correlated tightly with Ct values. In 35 adult and 101 pediatric PCR-positive samples, sensitivity was 91% (95% CI, 77-98%) and 79% (70-87%), respectively. In samples with Ct ≤ 35, sensitivity was 100% (88-100%) and 96% (88-99%), respectively. In 50 adult and 40 pediatric PCR-negative specimens, specificity was 100% (93-100%) and 98% (87-100%), respectively. Conclusions: Nucleocapsid concentrations in clinical NP samples span 8 orders of magnitude and correlate closely with RNA concentrations (Ct values). The S-PLEX Ag assay had 96-100% sensitivity in samples from children and adults with Ct values ≤ 35, and 98-100% specificity. These results clarify Ag concentration distributions in clinical samples, providing insight into the performance of Ag RDTs and offering a new approach to diagnosis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Natural history of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and the long-duration response to levodopa

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 2490-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cilia ◽  
Emanuele Cereda ◽  
Albert Akpalu ◽  
Fred Stephen Sarfo ◽  
Momodou Cham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Long Duration

Abstract The natural pattern of progression of Parkinson’s disease is largely unknown because patients are conventionally followed on treatment. As Parkinson’s disease progresses, the true magnitude of the long-duration response to levodopa remains unknown, because it can only be estimated indirectly in treated patients. We aimed to describe the natural course of motor symptoms by assessing the natural OFF in consecutive Parkinson’s disease patients never exposed to treatment (drug-naïve), and to investigate the effects of daily levodopa on the progression of motor disability in the OFF medication state over a 2-year period. In this prospective naturalistic study in sub-Saharan Africa, 30 Parkinson’s disease patients (age at onset 58 ± 14 years, disease duration 7 ± 4 years) began levodopa monotherapy and were prospectively assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Data were collected at baseline, at 1-year and 2-years follow-up. First-ever levodopa intake induced a significant improvement in motor symptoms (natural OFF versus ON state UPDRS-III 41.9 ± 15.9 versus 26.8 ± 15.1, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). At 1-year follow-up, OFF state UPDRS-III score after overnight withdrawal of levodopa was considerably lower than natural OFF (26.5 ± 14.9; P &lt; 0 .001). This effect was not modified by disease duration. At the 2-year follow-up, motor signs after overnight OFF (30.2 ± 14.2) were still 30% milder than natural OFF (P = 0.001). The ON state UPDRS-III at the first-ever levodopa challenge was similar to the overnight OFF score at 1-year follow-up and the two conditions were correlated (r = 0.72, P &lt; 0.001). Compared to the natural progression of motor disability, levodopa treatment resulted in a 31% lower annual decline in UPDRS-III scores in the OFF state (3.33 versus 2.30 points/year) with a lower model’s variance explained by disease duration (67% versus 36%). Using the equation regressed on pretreatment data, we predicted the natural OFF at 1-year and 2-year follow-up visits and estimated that the magnitude of the long-duration response to levodopa ranged between 60% and 65% of total motor benefit provided by levodopa, independently of disease duration (P = 0.13). Although levodopa therapy was associated with motor fluctuations, overnight OFF disability during levodopa was invariably less severe than the natural course of the disease, independently of disease duration. The same applies to the yearly decline in UPDRS-III scores in the OFF state. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the long-duration response to levodopa in Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the natural course of Parkinson’s disease and the long-duration response to levodopa may help to develop therapeutic strategies increasing its magnitude to improve patient quality of life and to better interpret the outcome of randomized clinical trials on disease-modifying therapies that still rely on the overnight OFF to define Parkinson’s disease progression.

Regulatory Effect of Non-starch Polysaccharides from Purple Sweet Potato on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Bie ◽  
Shengquan Duan ◽  
Meng Meng ◽  
Mingzhu Guo ◽  
Chunling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

Antibiotic treatment causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), which is usually accompanied by disorders of the intestinal flora, aggravating the patient's condition. Recently, people have paid more attention to the ability of...

scholarly journals The internal picture of the disease in type 1 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
P. I. Sidorov ◽  
I. A. Novikova ◽  
A. G. Solov'ev ◽  
N. N. Mul'kova
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
History Of

То study the internal picture of the disease, 73 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined. Among them, there were 43 females and 31 males whose age was 14 to 60 years and whose disease duration was 6 months to 39years. Psychological diagnostic tests evaluating their attitude to the disease revealed that in the patients, hypo- and hypernosognosias were prevalent in the pattern of nosognosias, hyponosognosias being observed somewhat more frequently, and adequate reactions to the disease were observed rel­atively rarely (15%). Among hyponosognosias, there was most commonly an ergopathic or anosognosic type of an attitude to the disease, which leads to the underestimation of their disease and to poor metabolic control. Hypemosognosia was more characteristic for females, which in the presence of severe complications and with a long-term history of the diseases is a consequence of DM complications and premorbid personality traits. A sensitive type as a result of social disadaptation and discrimination of society towards DM patients holds a central position in the pattern of hypernosognosias. Obligatory psychological and psychotherapeutic correction of the internal picture of disease in DM is required to achieve good pa­rameters of metabolic control and qualitative management of DM, which will promote the patients’ better life quality.

Cluster Headache Course Over Ten Years in 189 Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Camillo Manzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Micieli ◽  
Franco Granella ◽  
Cristina Tassorelli ◽  
Carla Zanferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Chronic Cluster Headache ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Chronic Form ◽  
Prophylactic Drugs ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Episodic Cluster Headache ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Headache Patients

One-hundred-and-eighty-nine cluster headache patients, referred to Parma and Pavia Headache Centres between 1976 and 1986 with a disease duration of over 10 years, were interviewed about the course of cluster headache. They were classified as episodic (n = 140) or chronic (n = 49) cluster headache patients on the basis of course during the year of onset. Episodic patients showed the following outcome: maintenance of an episodic form (primary episodic form) in 80.7% of cases, shift towards a chronic form (secondary chronic form) in 12.9% and shift towards an intermediate pattern (“combined” form) in 6.4%. In chronic patients, cluster headache was still chronic (primary chronic form) at the moment of observation in 52.4% of cases, while it turned into an episodic form (“secondary” episodic form) in 32.6% and into a “combined” form in 14.3%. Nineteen patients (10%) had had no attacks for at least three years at the moment of examination. We can conclude from our data that: cluster headache is a disease of long duration, perhaps lifelong; episodic cluster headache tends to worsen; chronic cluster headache may easily turn into a better prognostic episodic form; prophylactic drugs are unable to induce recovery. The following factors seem related to a poor outcome: a later onset, the male gender and a disease duration of over 20 years for the episodic forms.

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